Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *dū̂-l-ia- (1) c., *dū̂-l-jā̂ (1) f., *dul̂- vb. inch.; *dwā̃-l-a- c., *dwel̂- vb. inch., *dū̂-m-a- (1) c., *dū̂-m-a- adj., *du-j-ā̂ f., *dū̂- vb. intr.

Meaning: smoke

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: dū́li-s, dū́lia `Nebel, Dunst, Baummoder zum Beräuchern der Bienen'; dùlti 'morsch, wurmstichig werden, vermodern, verwittern, von Kräfter kommen'; dvō̃la-s 'schwerer Geruch, Gestank', dvélti 'die Luft verderben'; pl. dū́mai `Rauch, Qualm'; dū́ma- `dunkel-, schwarzbraun (vom Rindvieh)'; dujà `Stäubchen, feiner Regen, Nebel, Staubregen, feinstes Mehl, Dunst'; dùiti (dų̃ja, dùjō) 'verrückt werden, Verstand verlieren, benebelt werden, schimmelig, kamig werden, sich mit Nebel, Fliegenschmutz bedecken'

Lettish: dũlãjs, dũle, dũlẽjs, dũlis `Räuchermasse zum Forttreiben der Bienen; eine aus Lumpen und Stroh gemachte, räuchernde Fackel zum Forttreiben der Bienen; am einem Ende gespaltenes und Glimmendes Stück Eschen- od. Ebereschenholz, Art von Fackel, Lunte'; dũlêt (-ēju), dūl̨ât 'mit dem dūlājs räuchern, um die Bienen fortzutreiben, usw.'; pl. dũmi 'Rauch, Qualm'; dũms `dunkelrot, dunkelrau', dūmals, dũmal̨š `rauchfarbig, dunkelgrau; dunkelbraun, schwarzbraun'; dũmal̨a, dũmala 'dunkel-, schwarzbraune Kuh, rote Kuh mit braunem Kopfe'; dumjš, dums 'dunkelbraun, fahl'

Old Prussian: dumis Voc. 39 'Rauch'

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *dhūw- (PIH *dhuHw-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to smoke, to raise dust

Hittite: tuhhuwai- (tuhhui-) c. 'Qualm?, Dunst?' (Friedrich 227);

Tokharian: A twe, B tweye 'dust, ashes' (PT *tweye) (Adams 323)

Old Indian: dhūli- f. `dust, powder', dhūlikā f. `fog, mist (L.)'; OInd dhūmá- m. `smoke, vapour, mist'; dhūmrá- `smoke-coloured, grey, dark-red', dhūmala- `smoke-coloured, purple'; dhūsara- `dust-coloured, grey'

Old Greek: thǘō, aor. thǖ̂sai̯, p. tüthē̂nai̯, pf. téthüka, m.-p. téthümai̯ `ein Rauch- od. Brandopfer darbringen, opfern im allg.'; ék-, pró-thüsi-s f.; thǘos n. `Raucherwerk', thü[ē]tǟ́ f. `id.', thǖ̂ma n. `Opfer', thǘtǟ-s `Opferer', dial. `Opferplatz', thüsíǟ f. `Opfer, Opferfest', thǘo-n `ein Baum, dessen Holz wegen seines Wohlgeruches verbrannt wurde', thümélǟ `Opferstätte, Alter', thümálōps, -ōpos m. etwa `Feuerbrand, glühende Kohle'; thümiáō `in Rauch aufgehen lassen, räuchern'

Slavic: *dɨ̄́tī, *dɨ̄jǭ (Sloven díti, díjem `wehen; duften'); *dɨ̄́mъ

Baltic: *dū̂-l-ia- (1) c., *dū̂-l-jā̂ (1) f., *dul̂- vb. inch.; *dwā̃-l-a- c., *dwel̂- vb. inch., *dū̂-m-a- (1) c., *dū̂-m-a- adj., *du-j-ā̂ f., *dū̂- vb. intr.

Germanic: *dau-m-a- m., *dau-m-ō- vb.; *dau-n-i- c., *dū-n-a- m.; *du-sk-a- adj.

Latin: fūlīgō, -inis f. `Russ'; fūmus, -ī m. `Rauch, Dampf, Qualm, Brodem'; suffiō, -īs, -īre `räuchern'; foetēre `übelriechen, stinken; verhasst sein'; ? fimus, -ī m., fimum n. `Mist, Kot, Dünger'; fuscus, -a `dunkelfärbig, schmutzigschwarz, dunkelbraun', furvus, -a `schwarz, finster'

Other Italic: Osk Mefit<eí> `Mefītī', Mefítaiiaís `*Mefītaeī ? > Lat mefītis, -is f. `schädliche Ausdünstung; Göttin der schädlichen Dünste'

Celtic: MIr dumacha `Nebel'; *dum= > Ir dumhach `nebelig, dunkel'

Russ. meaning: дымить, пылить

References: WP I 835 f, 843 f

Comments: May be the same as *dhū- 'blow, storm', but Greek semantical (2 verbs thǘō with rather different meaning) and Hittite phonetical difference (h <--> hhw) are concpicious.

Vasmer's dictionary :

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *dauma-z, *daumōn-; *dauni-z, *dūna-z; *duska-

Meaning: smell, stink

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: daun-s f. (i) `sense of smell, smell, fragrance'

Old Norse: daun-n m. `Gestank'; dūn-n m. `Daune, Flaumfeder'; deyna wk. `Übel riechen', dūni m. `Feuer' (ɵula)

Norwegian: döyna `kalte Hohnworte sagen'; dun

Old Swedish: dön; döna `stinken'

Swedish: dun

Old Danish: dön

Danish: dun

Old English: dōmian `dampfen'; dox `dunkel'

English: dusk

Old Saxon: dununga `deliramentum'

Middle Dutch: doom

Dutch: zuidnl. doom m. `damp, nevel, uitwaseming van dieren'; { dons `Daune' }

Old High German: { toum `Dampf, Dunst, Duft' }; { tūvar, tūbar `wahnsinnig' }

Middle High German: toum st. m. 'dunst, duft, qualm'

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *pVxwV

Meaning: sharp, to whet

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *spēy- (sph-)

Altaic: *pi̯ŭ̀bi

Uralic: *py:[ɣ]V (Coll. 49) (ND *pije)

Kartvelian: *pxa-

Comments: [For PIE cf. also PA *si̯ṓp`ì - but for the latter cf. also PK *ćkip-, Slav. *šipъ]

References: МССНЯ 352-353. Cf. ND 1652 *P_[i]ʔV 'point, blade, sharp edge' (Turk. + incorr. Jap.).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *pi̯ŭ̀bi

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to mince, saw

Russian meaning: крошить, пилить

Turkic: *bij-

Mongolian: *(h)üji-

Tungus-Manchu: *pubu-

Korean: *pjàpắi-

Japanese: *piwa-

Comments: Correspondences are basically regular, with the following comments: in Turkic one has to suppose secondary delabialization *bij- < *büj- ( < *büb-); the Kor. form pjàpắi- must be denominative, derived from a noun *pjàpắ- < *pibV-pu- < *pi̯ubi-p`u- ( = PTM *pubu-pu-). Cf. *p`i̯ṑpo: the two roots are sometimes hard to distinguish.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *bij-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sharp edge, knife

Russian meaning: острый край, нож

Old Turkic: bi (OUygh.)

Khakassian: pi-ze- 'to whet, sharpen'

Yakut: bī

Dolgan: bī

Comments: EDT 291, VEWT 75, Лексика 398, 399-400, Stachowski 61.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *(h)üji-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to crush, pulverize

Russian meaning: ломать на мелкие куски, крошить

Written Mongolian: üi-le-, üi-re- (L 1001)

Khalkha: üjre-

Buriat: üjre-

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *pubu-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to saw 2 saw

Russian meaning: 1 пилить 2 пила

Evenki: huwu- 1, hūwun 2

Even: hụ̄-na-

Negidal: xo-

Literary Manchu: fufu- 1, fufun 2

Ulcha: pụ̄- 1, pụpụ(n) 2

Orok: pụpụ-la-, pụ̄pụ(n) 2

Nanai: pō- 1, popõ 2

Oroch: xū 2

Udighe: xu 2

Solon: ōgĩ, ụ̄gĩ 2

Comments: ТМС 2, 336. The existing form reflect the verbal stem *pubu- and the derived noun *pubu-pu(n) (with some later confusion because of the loss of *-b-).

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *pjàpắi-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to mince, rub (in hands)

Russian meaning: крошить, растирать (в руках)

Modern Korean: pibi-

Middle Korean: pjàpắi-

Comments: Liu 374, KED 854.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *piwa-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to mince, cut into small slices

Russian meaning: размельчать, резать на мелкие куски

Old Japanese: pjiwa-

Comments: JLTT 688.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 771

Proto: *pije

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: stone

German meaning: Stein

Finnish: pii, pii-kivi 'Feuerstein' ?

Estonian: pii-kivi ?

Nenets (Yurak): päe (O), päej (Nj.) 'Stein; Glas; Schleifstein'

Enets (Yen): fû (Ch.), fu (pu) (B)

Nganasan (Tawgi): fála, fuálla

Selkup: pǖ (TaM Ke. Ty. Tur.)

Kamass: pi 'Stein; Flint, Feuerstein'

Addenda: Koib. pi; Mot. hilä; Taig. hyla 'Felsen'

Yukaghir parallels: pie 'Berg; Stein, Felsen'

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *pxa-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: хрящ, остов

English meaning: cartilage, carcass

Georgian: pxa-

Georgian meaning (Rus.): хрящ, ость (злака)

Georgian meaning (Engl.): cartilage, beard (of spike)

Megrel: xa-

Megrel meaning (Rus.): хрящ змеи, чешуя рыбы

Megrel meaning (Eng.): snake cartilage, fish scale

Svan: pxa

Svan meaning (Rus.): кость рыбы, змееныш

Svan meaning (Eng.): fish bone, young of snake

Laz: mxa-

Laz meaning (Rus.): кость рыбы

Laz meaning (Eng.): fish bone

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 194, EWK 367. В МССHЯ 352-353 основа сравнивается с ПИЕ *(s)peHi- 'острие, острый конец', ур. *pȳ[ɣ]V 'кремень, острый камень', алт. *piubu ( < *piuɣu) 'точить' < ностр. *ṗi[H]V. Сравнение с ПЗК *pq(a)- 'кость, скелет' (см. ЭСКЯ ibid., Климов 1969) следует отвергнуть: последнее восстанавливается в виде *bǝq:Iʷǝ и сравнивается с ПВК *bŏnq̇_ō 'спина' (см. NCED 310).

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVHV

Meaning : sharp, to whet

Eurasiatic : *pVxwV

Afroasiatic : *faʔ- (+ Cush., Chad. in 1836)

Reference : ND 1652, 1836.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *faʔ-

Meaning: sharp point, arrow

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *pVʔ- 'edge'

Western Chadic: *fyaH- 'arrow'

Low East Cushitic: *fiʔ-/*fuʔ- 'arrow'

South Cushitic: *fay- 'arrow'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 293

Proto-Semitic: *pVʔ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'edge'

Hebrew: pēʔā

Aramaic: pā/ăʔ-t-

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *fyaH-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'arrow'

Bokos: nvyà [JgR]

Daffo-Butura: nvyàh [Jg]

Notes: cp. Ch *fiya 'shoot, sting' 1, 'prick' 2, 'pierce with a spear' 3: W Tangale peyi 1 [JgT], C Mofu fáf, féf 3 [BMof], E Kera féyá 2 [Eb].

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *fiʔ-/*fuʔ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'arrow'

Oromo (Galla): fia, fue

South Cushitic etymology :

Proto-South Cushitic: *fay-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'arrow'

Alagwa (Wasi): fayu/e

Burunge (Mbulungi): fayu/e

Total pages generated Pages generated by this script 860969 1635716	Help
StarLing database server Powered by CGI scripts Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov