Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *wel̂- (2) (inf. *wel̂-teî 1) vb. tr., *wel̂-t-uw-a- c., -iā̃ f.; *wō̂l-ā̂ (1) f., *wō̂l-a- (2) adj., *wō̂l-a- (2) c.; *wāl-iā̃ f.

Meaning: twist, drag along

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: vélti (vẽlia, vḗlē) 'walken, wälzen, schlagen; krempeln, (Haare, Fäden usw. ineinander) verwirren; Verwirrung stiften, usw.', veltùva-s 'Walke, Wollkratze', veltuvē̃ 'Walkmühle, -werk, Krempelmaschine'; uolà, úola 'Fels, Wetzstein'; vōlē̃ 'Hahn am Fass, Spund; Wuhne; ausgehauenes Loch im Eis; Zapfen';

Lettish: uõla 'kleiner, runder Stein; Kiesel; Fels', uõla, ùole² 'Ei'; uôls² 'rund'; uôls² 'Kieselstein'; vel̂t (/ vel̃t Orellen, Ruj.) (vel̨u, vēlu) `wälzen; walken; schlagen'

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *(e)wel(w)e- <PIH *Hʷ->

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to twist, to drag along

Hittite: hulali- n. 'Wickel, Binde, Spinnrocken' (Tischler 277ff)

Tokharian: A, B wāl- 'cover, conceal; surround, enclose' (Adams 588); B wäl- 'curl' (596)

Old Indian: valati, -te, ptc. valitá- `to turn, turn round'; (?) valá- m. `cave, cavern; (round?) beam or pole';

Armenian: gelum, aor. geli `drehen, umdrehen, zusammendrehen, winden', med. `sich drehen, winden', glem `rolle, werfe nieder', gil `runder Wurfstein'

Old Greek: ẹ̄léō `rollen, drehen, winden, wälzen', íllō `id.', att. ẹ̄́llō `id.'? *wéli-: gélin = orkiân (leg. ormián) Hsch.; héliks, -kos f. `Gewinde, Windung, gewundene Spange, Ranke, Locke, Spirale, Hebewinde'; ôu̯lo- `kraus, zottig, wollig, gewunden'; alindéō, alíndō, aor. ǟ́līsa `wälzen'; ẹ̄lǘō, pfmed. ẹ̄́lǖmai̯, aor. kat-ẹ̄lǘsante `umwinden, umhüllen, bedecken', eilǘomai̯ `sich winden und krümmen, sich fortschleppen, vorwartskriechen', `kribbeln', aor. pass. elǘsthē `rollte', elüsthẹ̄́s `sich krümmend, windend, duckend; umhüllt, bedeckt'; ion., att. élütro-n `Hülle, Schalle, Futteral, Behälter', elǘtǟ-s `Art Backwerk, etwa Brezel'

Slavic: *vālъ; *valī́tī

Baltic: *wel̂- (2) vb. tr., *wel̂-t-uw-a- c., -iā̃ f.; *wō̂l-ā̂ (1) f., *wō̂l-a- (2) adj., *wō̂l-a- (2) c.; *wāl-iā̃ f.

Germanic: *wil-t-a- vb., *wal-t-(i)a- vb., *walw-ia- vb., *walw-is-ō- vb., *wōl-ja- vb., *wal-a-, *wal-ta-, *wal(w)-ō, *wōlw-ia- vb., *wul-st-ō f.

Latin: volvō, -ere, volvī, volūtum `rollen, kollern, wälzen, drehen, wirbeln', volūta f. `Volute, Spirale des ionischen Kapitäls', volūcra f. ` Wickelraupe', volvola f., volvulus `Winde (Pflanze)', volūmen, -inis n. `Rolee; Papyrusrolle, Buch'; ? vellere 'zupfen, rupfen, ausreissen'

Celtic: OIr fillim `biege'

Russ. meaning: крутить, валять

References: WP I 298 f

Comments: Could be 2 (or more) roots.

Vasmer's dictionary :

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *wiltan- vb., *walt(i)an- vb., *walwian- vb., *walwisōn- vb., *wōljan- vb., *wala-, *walta-, *wal(w)ō, *wōlwian- vb., *wulstō

Meaning: roll, twist

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: *af-walwjan wk. `roll away', *at-walwjan `roll against', *fɔr-walwjan `roll to'; *walwisōn wk. `roll about'; *waltjan wk. `beat into'

Old Norse: val-r `rund'; velta st. `sich wälzen'; valt-r `unstet, wackling'

Norwegian: velta vb.

Old Swedish: välta vb.

Old Danish: välte

Old English: wielwan `wälzen, rollen', walwian tr., intr. `id.', walu f. `Strieme nach einem Schlag', wēlan `umwinden, binden', wältan, wealtan, wyltan `sich wälzen'; wealt `rollend, wälzbar, unbeständig'

Middle Dutch: wālen `rollen (tr.); woelen (refl.)'

Dutch: walen `keren, draaien (zeeterm), kenteren (van het tij)'

Middle Low German: walen `drehen, wälzen, rollen'; wȫlen `umwinden, binden'

Old High German: wulst m. (12.Jh.), { wulsta f. } `Wulst'; wellan st. `runden, rollen'; walzan `sich wälzen'; welzen (9.Jh.) `rollen, drehen'; wuolen (um 1000)

Middle High German: walzen red. v. tr. 'sich wälzen', tr. 'wälzen'; wɛlzen wk. caus.; wüelen wk. 'wühlen'; wulste st. f., wulst st. m. 'wulst'

German: wälzen, wühlen, Wulst m., f.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ɣUlV

Meaning: to curve, twist

Altaic: *i̯ṓle

Uralic: *ulke 'pole (for hanging)' ?

Kartvelian: *ɣul-

Dravidian: *iḷ-uk-

Comments: [For SDR *cuḷ-uk- cf. rather PA *č`i̯olu 314]

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *i̯ṓle

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to hang on (smth.), hang on hook

Russian meaning: вешать (на что-л.), висеть на крюке

Turkic: *īl-

Mongolian: *elgü-

Tungus-Manchu: *ol-

Korean: *ori

Comments: SKE 178, EAS 106, Poppe 76 (Turk.-Mong.; assumption of Mong. being borrowed from Turk., see Щербак 1997, 120, is improbable). Turk. has a somewhat unexpected narrowing: *īl- instead of *ẹ̄l-; however, the etymology still seems probable (despite Doerfer's categorical refusal: "lautgesetzlich unmöglich"; see TMN 2, 214).

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *īl-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to hang on (smth.) 2 hook

Russian meaning: 1 вешать (на что-л.) 2 крючок

Old Turkic: il- (OUygh.) 1, ilin- (refl.) (OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: il- (MK) 1, ɨlɨn- (refl.) (MK) 1

Turkish: dial. il- 1, ilmek 2

Tatar: el- 1

Middle Turkic: ɨl- (Abush., Sangl.), ɨlɨn- (refl.) (Pav. C.) 1

Uzbek: il- 1, ilmɔq 2

Uighur: il- 1, ilmaq 2, 'loop'

Azerbaidzhan: ilmäk 2

Turkmen: īl- 1

Khakassian: ǝl-

Oyrat: il- 1, ilmek 2

Chuvash: jъlъ, jъlmak 'loop'

Yakut: īl- 1

Tuva: il- 1

Tofalar: il- 1

Kirghiz: il- 1, ilmek 2

Kazakh: il- 1

Noghai: il- 1

Bashkir: el- 1

Balkar: ilin- (refl.) 1

Karakalpak: il- 1, ilmek 2

Kumyk: il- 1

Comments: VEWT 170, ЭСТЯ 1, 343-346, Егоров 73-74.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *elgü-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to hang on (smth.)

Russian meaning: вешать (на что-л.)

Written Mongolian: elgü- (L 309)

Middle Mongolian: elgu- (SH), ulku- (MA 276)

Khalkha: ölgö-

Buriat: ülge-

Kalmuck: ölgǝ-

Ordos: ülgü-

Dagur: elgu- (Тод. Даг. 139), el(e)wē- (MD 143)

Shary-Yoghur: olGo-, uɣu-

Comments: KW 294, MGCD 543. Mong. > Evk. elgu etc. (hardly vice versa; see Doerfer MT 89).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ol-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 hook (for hanging kettle) 2 to hang over fire

Russian meaning: 1 крюк (для подвешивания чайника) 2 подвешивать над огнем

Evenki: oldon 1, ollon- 2

Even: olrāwụn 1, olrān- 2

Negidal: olōn 1

Ulcha: ōrpụn 1

Orok: olǯịɣa 1

Nanai: olpị 1

Oroch: ogǯiɣa 1

Udighe: olohu 1

Comments: ТМС 2, 14-15. TM forms like elgu- should be regarded as mongolisms. Evk. > Dolg. oldōn, oldon (see Stachowski 191).

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *ori

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a fishing hook with several barbs

Russian meaning: рыболовный крючок с зазубринами

Modern Korean: ori

Comments: SKE 178. The noun is found only is absent from major MKor. and modern Korean dictionaries and thus somewhat dubious.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1104

Proto: *ulke

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: pole, post

German meaning: Stange

Finnish: ulku (dial.) 'eine Stange gebraucht bei einer Lachsfangart, Fallenstange'

Saam (Lapp): hǫl'gâ -lg- (N) 'horizontally placed bar or pole (for hanging or as a support)', hål'kå (L) 'Stange ohne Ast od. Gabelung; Trockengestell', olk (T) 'horizontale Stange zum Aufhängen der Kleider od. Netze', olk-sujn (Kld.) 'Rohr'

Mordovian: olga (M) 'Stange'

Komi (Zyrian): ī̮ (I) 'стойка в чуме'

Khanty (Ostyak): ŏχǝt (Ni.) 'die Dachsparren', ŏχǝл (Kaz.) 'Stange'

Mansi (Vogul): āwla (So.) 'Sparren, wo Fische getrocknet werden'

Janhunen's version: (53) *uli6, FU *ulki

Sammalahti's version: *uli6, FU *ulki

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *ɣul-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: изогнутый, кpивой

English meaning: bent, crooked

Georgian: ɣul-

Georgian meaning (Rus.): pод сеpпа; ɣvl-arč̣-nil- 'скрученный'

Georgian meaning (Engl.): a k. of sickle; ɣvl-arč̣-nil- 'twisted'

Megrel: ɣula

Megrel meaning (Rus.): изогнутый, кpивой

Megrel meaning (Eng.): bent, crooked

Svan: ɣalaj ?

Svan meaning (Rus.): колесо (в EWK: ɣul-äj 'колено', ɣu-rǯ- 'искривлять')

Svan meaning (Eng.): wheel (in EWK: ɣul-äj 'knee', ɣu-rǯ- 'to make crooked')

Laz: ɣul(a)

Laz meaning (Rus.): кpивой, косой

Laz meaning (Eng.): crooked, slant

Notes and references: Климов 1994, 75; EWK 403-404. Ср. ПИЕ *(H)wel(u)- 'крутить, изгибать', ? алт. *iōl(k)i 'крюк, вешать на крюк'. Сближение с ПИЕ см. Климов ibid. (хотя предположение о заимствовании ни на чем не основано).

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *iḷ-uk-

Meaning : to be sprained

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *uḷ-uk- (*cuḷ-uk-)

Proto-Telugu : *il-uk-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ilk-

Notes : The SDR development *-i- > *-u- is irregular.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *uḷ-uk- (*cuḷ-uk-) ??

Meaning : to be sprained

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : uḷukku (uḷukki-)

Tamil meaning : to be sprained, dislocated; n. sprain, dislocation

Tamil derivates : cuḷukku (cuḷukki-) to be sprained, dislocated; ? uḷai (-v-, -nt-) to ache or suffer pain in the limbs as from weariness, cold, rheumatism, suffer griping pain as with dysentery, suffer in mind, perish; (-pp-, -tt-) to afflict, torment, make sorrowful, dislike; uḷaivu, uḷaippu griping pain, intense pain

Malayalam : uḷukkal, uḷukku, uḷukkam

Malayalam meaning : a sprain

Malayalam derivates : uḷukkuka to be dislocated; cuḷukku sprain, wrench, cramp; cuḷuŋŋuka to be distorted, shrink, wrinkle; cuḷukkuka to distort, wrench; uḷayuka to suffer a dragging pain

Kannada : ulaku

Kannada meaning : to be sprained

Kannada derivates : ulaku, iluku cramp, sprain; uluku, ulku, uḷuku, uḷku a sprain

Tulu : uḷku, ulku

Tulu meaning : a sprain or cramp

Tulu derivates : uḷkuni to be sprained or cramped

Proto-Nilgiri : *cik-

Number in DED : 2702

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *cik-

Meaning : to be sprained

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Toda : tik- (tiky-)

Number in DED : 2702

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *il-uk-

Meaning : a sprain

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : iluku

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : iluku "sprain, to be sprained"

Number in DED : 2702

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ilk-

Meaning : to be sprained

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *ilk-

Konda : ilk- (-t-)

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *ilk-

Meaning : to be sprained

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Koya Gondi : ilk- (Su.)

Number in DED : 2702

Konda etymology :

Konda : ilk- (-t-)

Meaning: (part of the body) to be sprained

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 2702

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