Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *tek-ē̂- (*tek-a-) vb., *tek-iā̃ f., *tek-ā̂ f., *tek-a- c., *tek-ē̃l-a- c., *tek-el-a-, -ia- c., *tek-il-ā̂ f., -eîl-ā̂ f., *tak-el-ia- m., *tek-m-iā̃, *tēk-m-iā̃ f., *tak-a- c.; ? tō̃k- vb.

Meaning: run, flow

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: tekḗti, tẽka `laufen, fliessen; rinnen; aufgehen (von der Sonne, vom Mond); heiraten (von der in den Ehestand tretenden Frau)', caus. tẽkinti ; tẽkēla-s, tekē̃la-s 'Schleif-, Drechslerstein'; dial. tēkmē̃ `Laufen, Fliesse'; tēkmē̃ 'Quelle, Bach, Flüsschen, Ausfluss, Ausfliessendes'; tãka-s 'Pfad, Fusssteig; Kanal, Röhre; Teppich, Ausgebreitetes, (dial.) Tenne'; tuõkti 'verheiraten (von der Frau), die Ehe registrieren; sich (als ein Paar) verbinden'

Lettish: tecêt (teku) `fliessen, leck sein, schwären, (in kleinem Trab) laufen; sich abwickeln, gebraucht werden', tece 'Fliessen, Fluss; altes, ausgetrocknetes Flussbett', tęka, tęks 'Pfad, Fusssteig, Wechsel (vom Wild)', tękât '(viel) laufen, trippeln', refl. -tiês 'sich begatten (von Schafen)'; tecelis, -le 'drehbarer Schleifstein, tecila, teciêla, teceklis 'dass.'; taks 'Pfad, Fusssteig', takât 'hin- und herlaufen'; tekme 'Gewohnheit', teksme 'Weg, Lauf des Flusses'

Old Prussian: tackelis `Schleifstein' V. 530; lat-tako V. 543 'Hufeisen'

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *tekʷ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to flow, to run

Tokharian: B cake 'river' (Adams 249)

Old Indian: takti, takati `to rush along', ptc. taktá-; táku- `rushing along', takvá- `quick'

Avestan: tačaiti `läuft, eilt; fliesst', ptc. -taxta-; vi-taxti- f. `das Zerfliessen, Schmelzen'; taka- m. 'Lauf'

Other Iranian: NPers tāxtan `laufen', tak `Lauf'

Slavic: *tekǭ, *tektī; *tēkati, *tēčjǭ; *tokъ; *točī́tī

Baltic: *tek-ē̂- (*tek-a-) vb., *tek-iā̃ f., *tek-ā̂ f., *tek-a- c., *tek-ē̃l-a- c., *tek-el-a-, -ia- c., *tek-il-ā̂ f., -eîl-ā̂ f., *tak-el-ia- m., *tek-m-iā̃, *tēk-m-iā̃ f., *tak-a- c.; ? tō̃k- vb.

Celtic: OIr techim `fliehe', pf. tāich; ateoch `bitte', Ir intech n. `Weg'; MCymr conj. 3 sg. ny re-decho `wer nicht flieht'; Bret tec'het `fliehen'

Albanian: ndjek `verfolge'

Russ. meaning: течь, бежать

References: WP I 715 f

Vasmer's dictionary :

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṭoKV

Meaning: to run

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *tekʷ-

Altaic: *t`ògsu ( ~ -e)

Kartvelian: *ṭiḳ- (?*ṭliḳ-)

Dravidian: *tāk-

References: ND 2346 *ṭ[o]ḳU 'to run away, run, leak' (Kartv., Alt., IE).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *t`ŏ̀gsu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to run; hare

Russian meaning: бежать; заяц

Turkic: *togus- (?)

Mongolian: *togsi-

Tungus-Manchu: *tuksa-

Korean: *thóskí

Comments: In Turkic languages the root may have been partially contaminated with a synonymic *t`ḕbà 'run' (q. v.) (PT *tabɨĺgan 'hare'); but the traces of PT *togus are still clearly visible.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *togus- (?)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to jump

Russian meaning: скакать

Turkmen: tovus-

Chuvash: (Bulgar) doxs '(year of) mouse'

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *togsi-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to run away jumping (of antelope etc.)

Russian meaning: убегать, подпрыгивая (об антилопе и т. п.)

Written Mongolian: togsi- (L 815)

Khalkha: togši-

Ordos: doGši-

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tuksa-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to run 2 hare

Russian meaning: 1 бежать 2 заяц

Evenki: tuksa- 1, tuksa-kī 2

Even: tụ̄s- 1

Negidal: toksa- 1, toksakị̄ 2

Literary Manchu: toqsaqa 'bastard'

Ulcha: toqsa 2

Orok: tụqsa- 1, tụqsa 2

Nanai: toqsa 2

Oroch: tuksan 2

Udighe: tukeä- 1, tuksa 2

Solon: tụkčān- 'jump, leap', tụtčaxi, tụrčaxi 2

Comments: ТМС 2, 208.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *thóskí

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: hare

Russian meaning: заяц

Modern Korean: thok:i

Middle Korean: thóskí

Comments: Nam 459, KED 1705.

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *ṭiḳ- (?*ṭliḳ-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: быстро убегать

English meaning: to run away quickly

Georgian: ṭiḳ-n- 'to gallop' (dial.); ṭliḳ-in- (Pshav.)

Georgian meaning (Rus.): идти большими шагами

Georgian meaning (Engl.): to take long strides

Megrel: ṭi(r)ḳ-on-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 181 (*ṭiḳwn-), EWK 333-334.

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *tāk-

Meaning : to walk

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tāk-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *tāk-

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tāk-

Meaning : to walk

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Parji : tāk-

Ollari Gadba : tāk-

Salur Gadba : tāk-

Additional forms : Also Parji tākip- (tākit-) to make to walk

Number in DED : 3151

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *tāk-

Meaning : to walk

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *tāk-

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *tāŋ-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *tāk-

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *tāk-

Meaning : to walk

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : tāk-

Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : tāk-

Muria Gondi : tāk-

Maria Gondi : tāk-

Seoni Gondi : tāk-

Koya Gondi : tāk-

Yeotmal Gondi : tāk-

Adilabad Gondi : tāk-

Additional forms : Also caus. Gondi_Tr tākstānā, Gondi_W tāksahtānā; Gondi_Y tākmaṛ walking

Number in DED : 3151

Number in CVOTGD : 1695

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *tāŋ-

Meaning : to walk

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : tāŋ(g)- (tāŋt-)

Manda : tāŋ-

Number in DED : 3151

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *tāk-

Meaning : to walk

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : tāka (tāki-) "to walk; n. act of walking"

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : tākali

Kuwi (Schulze) : tākinai

Kuwi (Israel) : tāk- (-it-)

Additional forms : ?Also Kui_K tāŋgu (pl. tākaka) hoof

Number in DED : 3151

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : TVKV

Meaning : to run

Eurasiatic : *ṭoKV

Afroasiatic : *tuḳ-

Sino-Caucasian : ? *ṭHä̆́lq̇wV

Amerind (misc.) : *ta(k) 'leg' (R 427)

Notes : Medial -l- in SC not clear. Cf. HVTV.

Reference : ND 2346; GE *teku 'leg, foot' ( + NiC, NS, IP).

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *tuḳ-

Meaning: run, follow

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *tVḳtVḳ- 'advance quickly'

Berber: *tVḳVy- 'mend one's pace'

Western Chadic: *tuḳ- 'go away' 1, 'run' 2

Central Chadic: *tVkwa- 'follow'

East Chadic: *tVk- 'follow'

High East Cushitic: *ṭoḳ- 'run away'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 402

Proto-Semitic: *tVḳtVḳ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'advance quickly'

Arabic: tqtq

Notes: Cf. *ʕtḳ HAL 'pass, etc.'

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *tVḳVy-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'mend one's pace'

Ahaggar (Tahaggart): tǝɣiy-ǝt

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *tuḳ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'go away' 1, 'run' 2, 'lead, guide' 3

Hausa: túḳà 1

Tangale: toke 3 [JgT]

Galambu: taag- 2 [ShB]

Daffo-Butura: tôk 2 [JgR]

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *tVkwa-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'follow'

Hwona: tǝkwà [Kr: 19]

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *tVk-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'follow'

Dangla: àtke [Ebb]

High East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-High East Cushitic: *ṭoḳ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'run away'

Sidamo: ṭoḳ-

Notes: Initial *ṭ- < *t- under the influence of *-ḳ-

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ṭHä̆́lq̇wV

Meaning: hoof

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *ṭHä̆lq̇_wV / *q̇_Hwä̆lṭV

Sino-Tibetan: *dēk

Comments and references : Cf. also PST *tjak (~d-) `sole of foot, step'.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ṭHä̆lq̇_wV / *q̇_Hwä̆lṭV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: part of leg

Proto-Nakh: *pħiṭ

Proto-Tsezian: *ṭɨq̇ʷV (~ *ṭuq̇V)

Proto-Lezghian: *ṭelq̇Iʷ (~ *ṭulq̇I)

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Except for the metathesis (a frequent phenomenon in roots of this structure), correspondences are regular.

    It is very tempting to compare also Av. ṭiq̇:ʷá 'horseshoe; sole of foot', Chad. ṭuq̇:é-n 'horseshoe'. However, dialectal forms (Andal. uq̇:a) show that here ṭ- goes back to Proto-Avar *ƛ̣- (*ƛ̣iq̇:ʷa). The comparison is thus possible only if we assume a non-trivial assimilation in Proto-Avar: *ƛ̣iq̇:ʷa < *ṭilq̇:ʷa. The inclusion of the Av. form (paradigm B: ṭiq̇:ʷá-dul, ṭuq̇:-bí, Chad. ṭuq̇éni-l, ṭuq̇-bí/ṭuq̇ná-l) would allow to make the PEC reconstruction more precise: *ṭɦä̆lq̇_wā ( ~ -ǝ̄).

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *pħiṭ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: calf of leg

Chechen: pħid

Ingush: pħid

Comments: Obl. base *pħiṭa- (Chech. pħida-, Ing. pħido). The word is homonymous with *pħiṭ 'frog' (q.v.) which is a secondary merger.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *ṭɨq̇ʷV (~ *ṭuq̇V)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sole of foot

Bezhta: ṭuq̇a

Comments: Attested only in Bezht., but having probable external parallels (although there is a small chance that the Bezht. form is borrowed from Av.: cf. Av. ṭiq̇:ʷá 'horseshoe; sole', Chad. ṭuq̇én 'horseshoe', Andal. uq̇:a id. < *ƛ̣iq̇:ʷa; in that case the Bezht. word is to be kept apart from the PN and PL forms).

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ṭelq̇Iʷ (~ *ṭulq̇I)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 shin 2 ankle

Agul: ṭurʕe 1

Rutul: ṭurq̇I 2

Comment: Rut. -r- in the cluster with following uvulars goes back only to PL *-l-. As for the vocalism, it can be either *u or *-e- with following labialisation (there are too few data to make the choice); external evidence seems to be in favour of the latter variant.

    From some Ag. dialect the word was borrowed in Darg. Chir. ṭuIr 'shin'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *dēk

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hoof; kick

Chinese: 蹢 *tēk hoof, animal's foot.

Tibetan: rdeg(s)-pa to kick, knock, beat.

Burmese: LB *thek to kick.

Kiranti: *thék

Comments: Garo ga-tek; Thangkur kǝkǝthǝk. Matisoff 1972:31; Coblin 100.

Chinese characters :

Character: 蹢

Modern (Beijing) reading: dì

Preclassic Old Chinese: tēk

Classic Old Chinese: tēk

Western Han Chinese: tēk

Eastern Han Chinese: tiēk

Early Postclassic Chinese: tiēk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tiēk

Late Postclassic Chinese: tiēk

Middle Chinese: tiek

English meaning : hoof, animal's foot

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0877 o

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *thék

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: kick

Sunwar: thēk-ca to step on

Tulung: thɛk- id.

Kaling: 'thenä ('thehtu) kick

Comments: Cf. also S (khojli) thajk-ca stamp (=thēk-ca)

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