Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *ā̂p-u- adj., *ā̂p-ā̂ f.

Meaning: wound, abscess

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: ōpà 'eiternde Wunde, Schwäre, Geschwür', ṓpu-, ōpù- `zart, empfindlich, heikel, bedenklich, misslich, sehr fühlbar, brennend, dringend, weichlich, zerbrechlich'

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *āp[e]-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: ill, weak

Old Indian: apvā́ f. `name of a disease (got in danger)'

Avestan: afša- m. `Schaden, Unheil', afšman- n. `Schaden, Nachteil'

Old Greek: [ǟ]pedanó- `schwach, hinfällig, gebrechlich', [ǟ́]pio- 'freundlich, wohlgesinnt, gnädig, mild'

Baltic: *ā̂p-u- adj., *ā̂p-ā̂ f.

Russ. meaning: больной, слабый

References: WP I 47

Comments: Compared with Tokh B apsāl n. 'sword' (Adams 17 - ?)

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 98

Root: ap-3, āp-

English meaning: old; damage

German meaning: `gebrechlich; Schaden'

Material: Ai. apvā́ `Krankheit, Durchfall', av. (von einem -es-St.) afša- m. `Schaden, Unheil'; lit. opū́s `schwach, wund, gebrechlich' (Charpentier KZ. 40, 442 f.), vermutlich gr. ἠπεδανός `gebrechlich, schwach' (Bezzenberger BB. 1, 164; zum Ausgang s. Risch 98; anders Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 530).

References: WP. I 47, Specht Dekl. 345.

Pages: 52

PIE database: PIE database

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ʔVṗV

Meaning: weak, exhausted

Indo-European: *āp[e]-

Altaic: *op`á(rV)

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *op`á(rV)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to wear out, be wasted, have a bad {look}

Russian meaning: изнашиваться, стареть, плохо выглядеть

Turkic: *op-ra-

Mongolian: *(h)obur

Tungus-Manchu: *(x)upara-

Japanese: *ampu-

Comments: Cf. *àpo, *ebí.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *op-ra-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to wear out (intr.), decay

Russian meaning: изнашиваться, стареть

Old Turkic: apra- 1 (OUygh. ?)

Karakhanid: opra- 1 (MK, KB)

Middle Turkic: opra-/opran-, ofra-/ofran 1 (Sangl.)

Comments: VEWT 515, EDT 14.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *(h)obur

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: (bad) appearance, arrogance

Russian meaning: (плохой) внешний вид

Written Mongolian: obur; oburda- 'to be arrogant' (L 599)

Khalkha: ovor 'appearance', ovorǯi- 'to look as an old man'

Buriat: obor 'bad, uncomely'

Kalmuck: owr 'appearance'

Ordos: owor

Comments: KW 292.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *(x)upara-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to neglect, mistake

Russian meaning: ошибаться, упускать из виду

Spoken Manchu: ufarǝ- (1761)

Literary Manchu: ufara-

Comments: ТМС 2, 295. Attested only in Manchu, with possible external parallels.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *ampu-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to waste, discard, throw away 2 to suffer a loss, roam in a wasted state

Russian meaning: 1 выкидывать, выбрасывать 2 терпеть неудачу, потерянно бродить

Old Japanese: abu-s- 1

Middle Japanese: abura- 2

Tokyo: aburé- 2

Kyoto: ábúré- 2

Kagoshima: aburé- 2

Comments: The accent is difficult to reconstruct. The attestations of abu-ra- in OJ and MJ (RJ ábúra-) appear to mean 'to overflow' and probably represent a different root.

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