Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : HVRV

Meaning : angry

Eurasiatic : *jVrV

Afroasiatic : *ʔawar-

Amerind (misc.) : *iri 'angry' (R 11) [ + A ]

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *jVrV

Meaning: to curse, be angry

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *ares- <PIH *a->

Altaic: *ī́ru

Uralic: *jerV

Dravidian: SDr *īr_- 'anger, grief, fury'

References: ND 2643 *yerV 'misfortune, to curse, be angry' (Ur.-Drav., incorr. Alt. + Arab. ?).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *ares- <PIH *a->

Meaning: to be angry, to lose one's temper

Hittite: arsanai-/-ija- (II) 'beneiden, sich ärgern' (Tischler 67-68) (but cf. also harsallant- 'zornig', Tischler 182-184 without etymology)

Tokharian: A rse, B rser, räser 'Haß' (Adams 542)

Old Indian: irasyáti `to show enmity, be angry or envious', irasyā́ f. `enmity, malevolence'; īrṣyā́ f. `envy, spite, malice'

Avestan: araska- `Neid'; ǝrǝsi- `Neid'

Other Iranian: MPers, Npers arašk `Neid, Eifer'

Armenian: erram `siede, walle; bin in unruhiger Bewegung; wimmle, kribble; entzünde mich; bin leidenschaftlich erregt; bin oder werde eifrig, zornig'; herr `Zorn, Neid, Hader'

Old Greek: arǟ́ f. `Schaden, Unheil, Verderben', ap-arés = hügiés Hsch., áros = akoúsion blábos (Hsch.), arei̯ǟ́ f. `Verwünschung, Drohung' (Hom.), epḗrei̯a `übermütige Beandlung, Kränkung, Drohung', ep-ēreázdō 'to threaten abusively, to deal despitifully with, etc.'

Baltic: *ir̃š- (vb. intr.)

Germanic: *irz-ia- adj., *írs-ia- vb.

Latin: errāre `(umher)irren, sich verirren'

Russ. meaning: гневаться, терять соображение

References: WP I 149 f

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *ir̃š- (vb. intr.)

Meaning: angry

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: ir̃šti (-šta, -šō) 'böse, zornig wrden'

Lettish: irstiês (-suôs) 'sich ärgern, zürnen'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *irziá-, *írsian- vb.

Meaning: anger, angry

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: *ɛrzī-s (ja) `in error', *ɛrzī f. (n) `heresy'

Old English: eorre, -es, { ierre } n. `anger, wrath', eorre (ierre) `angry, enraged, fierced', yrsean (eorsian) `to make angry'

Old Frisian: irre `angry, embittered'

Old Saxon: irri `zornig'; irrean wk `conduse'

Middle Low German: erre

Old High German: irri `umherschweifend, verirrt, unwissend, zügellos' (9.Jh.); irran wk `confuse', irrōn wk. `be confused'

Middle High German: irre, ërre 'vom rechten wege abgekommen, verirrt; erzürnt, aufgebracht, ungestüm, herbe'; irren, md. ërren wk. tr. 'in verwirrung bringen, stören, hindern', intr. 'ungewis sein, irren, in der irre umherlaufen'

German: irr(e)

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ī́ru

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to be ashamed, shy, hostile

Russian meaning: стыдиться, быть робким, настороженным

Turkic: *īr-

Mongolian: *(h)ir-ba-

Tungus-Manchu: *ire(n)te-

Korean: *ɨrɨ-

Japanese: *útúa-

Comments: One of many common Altaic verbs of emotion. Correspondences are quite regular, and the etymology seems reliable.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *īr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: shame, be ashamed, frighten away

Russian meaning: стыд, стыдиться, отпугивать

Karakhanid: ir-, iril- (MK)

Turkmen: īr-

Khakassian: irǝk- 'to languish, be bored'

Chuvash: jǝrǝn-

Yakut: īr- 'to rave, become crazy'

Comments: EDT 192, VEWT 173, (incorrect in) Егоров 80.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *(h)ir-ba-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: discontent, cranky

Russian meaning: недовольный, раздраженный

Written Mongolian: irba- / jarba-, (L 413) irbaɣana-

Khalkha: jarva-

Buriat: irba-

Kalmuck: jarw- (КРС 710)

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ire(n)te-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to be ashamed

Russian meaning: стыдиться

Spoken Manchu: irǝtǝ- 'to be bashful, to feel shy' (1969)

Literary Manchu: jerte-

Nanai: irente-

Comments: ТМС 1, 329.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *ɨrɨ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to scare, threaten, menace

Russian meaning: угрожать, пугать

Modern Korean: ɨrɨ-

Comments: KED 1285.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *útúa-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: alienated, discontent

Russian meaning: отчужденный, недовольный

Old Japanese: utwo-

Middle Japanese: útwó-

Tokyo: utó-

Kyoto: útò-

Kagoshima: úto-

Comments: JLTT 844. The Tokyo accent is irregular; otherwise all evidence points to *útúa-. Cf. also *útuá(m)p- 'to shun, neglect', MJ utoma-si 'unpleasant, offensive'.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 184

Proto: *jerV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: damn; to swear, curse

German meaning: Fluch; (ver)fluchen, schimpfen

Udmurt (Votyak): juriśk- (S) 'schelten, fluchen, rügen', ju̇rị̑śkị̑-, ju̇riśkị̑- (G) 'verfluchen, verwünschen'

Komi (Zyrian): jor-ki̮v (V) 'Fluch, Schwur', jor- (S), jord- (P) 'verfluchen, verwünschen, beschwören', ju^.r- (PO) 'клясть'

Mansi (Vogul): jēr- (TJ KU P So.) 'fluchen, verwünschen, beschwören, schimpfen'

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʔawar-

Meaning: curse, insult

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *ʔur- 'curse'

Egyptian: wꜣr 'curse' (XXII)

Western Chadic: *ʔar- < *ʔwar- 'insult, scold'

Central Chadic: *ʔir- 'insult'

East Chadic: *war- 'insult'

Low East Cushitic: *ʔor- 'threaten'

High East Cushitic: *ʔar- 'be angry, be annoyed'

Semitic etymology :

Number: 961

Proto-Semitic: *ʔur-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'curse'

Akkadian: arāru

Hebrew: ʔrr

Soqotri: ʔerer

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: wꜣr (22)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'curse (v.)'

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *ʔar-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'insult' 1, 'malicious conduct' 2

Warji: ā́r- 1 [SkNb]

Kariya: ār-1 [SkNb]

Ngizim: árũ 2 [ShN]

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *ʔir-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'insult'

Zime-Batna: ʔír [Sa]

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *war-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'insult'

Dangla: wàrè [Fd]

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *ʔor-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'threaten'

Oromo (Galla): oriʔa

High East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-High East Cushitic: *ʔar-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'be angry, be annoyed'

Sidamo: aar-

Darasa (Gedeo): aar-

Burji (Bambala, Dashe): aar-

Notes: Vocalism of a stative

Total pages generated Pages generated by this script 1077116 1675963	Help
StarLing database server Powered by CGI scripts Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov