Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : LVJV

Meaning : liquid, flow

Eurasiatic : *L[ä]jV

Afroasiatic : *lVy- 'water, pour' (Cush., Berb., Chad.)

Sino-Caucasian : *=ä̆ʎV

Austric : PAN *qaliR, PAA *la:j 'flow'.

Reference : МССНЯ 347, ОСНЯ 2, 32-33; ND 1343.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *L[ä]jV

Meaning: to pour

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *lei̯ǝ-

Altaic: ?Neg. li- 'pour' (1, 497) (or *lia-ŋsa 'dirt' - ISv 2, 33).

Uralic: *LäjV (cf. Red.: *lijV 'Baumsaft')

Kartvelian: ? Svan. lic 'water'

Comments: [For Svan. cf. rather PU *lače 'gewässert werden']

References: МССНЯ 347, ОСНЯ 2, 32-33; ND 1343 *l̄[ä]yhV 'to pour; water' (IE - SH).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *leyǝ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to pour

Slavic: *lī́tī, *lь̀jǭ; *lьjā́ti, *lḕjǭ

Baltic: *leî- (lej-a-) (2) vb. tr., *lī̂- vb. intr. (2), *leî-tu- c. (2), *lī̂-ta- c. (2)

Celtic: *li- > OIr lië `Flut'; do-linim `mano', tuile `Flut', tō-lae `id.', MIr lia `Flut'; Cymr lliant `Strom, Meer'

Russ. meaning: лить

References: WP II 392

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *leî- (lej-a-) (2) vb. tr., *lī̂- vb. intr. (2), *leî-tu- c. (2), *lī̂-ta- c. (2)

Meaning: pour

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: líeti (líeja/dial. lẽja, líejō) `aus-, vergiessen, ausshütten, begiessen, besprengen, bespritzen'; lī́ti (lī̃ja, lìjō) 'regnen, strömen', lietù-s (acc. líetų), lītù-s `Regen'

Lettish: liêt (leju, lêju) 'giessen', laîstît 'wiederholt begiessen'; lît (liju/lîstu, liju) `sich ergiessen, strömen; regnen', liêtus, lîts 'Regen'

Old Prussian: pralieiton 'vergossen', islīuns Ench. 41, 28 'vergossen habend'

Uralic etymology :

Number: 489

Proto: *lijV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: tree juice; sapwood

German meaning: Baumsaft; Baumsplint

Udmurt (Votyak): li (S K G J) 'Baumsaft, Baumsplint' ?

Komi (Zyrian): ĺi (S P PO) 'Baumsplint (in der Kiefer), Baumsaft, Splint' ?

Kamass: lêji 'Baumsaft' ?

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *licw-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: вода

English meaning: water

Svan: lic, nic; luc-wn- 'to irrigate'

Notes and references: В ОСНЯ 2, 33 основа с вопросом возводится к ностр. *L[ä]jV 'вода, лить(ся)' (ПИЕ *leiǝ-, урал. *LäjV).

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ä̆ʎV

Meaning: liquid, wet

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *=ä̆ʎV-r

Sino-Tibetan: *lāj

Burushaski: *-híl-

Comments and references : Differently in HGC 38.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=ä̆ʎVr

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to wet, be wet, soak

Proto-Nakh: *=il-

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=aʎ- ( ~ -o-, -ƛ-)

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔäʎar-

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *=il-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to wash

Chechen: =il-

Ingush: =il-

Batsbi: =il-dar

Comments: Bacb. =il- (by Desheriyev and Kadagidze).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *=aʎ- ( ~ -o-, -ƛ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to become liquid (after shaking) 2 to rain

Avar: =iʎ- 1

Karata: =aʎ- 2

Comments: Cf. also (with reduplication) Av. ʎaʎá- 'to water, sprinkle'.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔäʎar-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to soak 2 to urinate 3 to melt 4 liquid 5 green

Tabasaran: u=x- 2 (Khiv.)

Agul: d-ixe-f 4

Rutul: s-ä=xa- 1

Tsakhur: al-e=xa- 3

Budukh: s-oxr- 2

Udi: dχi (Vart.) 5

Comment: The verb belongs to the weak conjugation class. Cf. also Rut. s-ä=xɨ-d 'wet' (participial form), q-i=xe- 'to gulp, drink greedily', Ud. Nidzh. däj(i) 'raw, green' ( < däx(i)ji, cf. the Vart. form). The Tab. and Ag. vowels should be rather explained by assimilation (Tab. u=x-úz < *i=x-úz) and reduction (Ag. dixé-f < *dexé-f) than by Ablaut.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *lāj

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: pour; watery, thin (of fluid)

Chinese: 沱 *lāj to flow.

Tibetan: sla thin (of fluids).

Burmese: kjajh be not thick, thin, as liquid; hlaj 'to pour from one vessel into another'

Lushai: leiʔ to pour (as fluid), pour out.

Lepcha: tă-ljă, tă-ljă dă the water under earth

Comments: Here LB *li 'swim' (?).

Chinese characters :

Character: 沱

Modern (Beijing) reading: tuó

Preclassic Old Chinese: l(h)āj

Classic Old Chinese: l(h)āj

Western Han Chinese: l(h)āj

Eastern Han Chinese: l(h)ǟ

Early Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ā

Middle Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ā

Late Postclassic Chinese: d(h)ā

Middle Chinese: dâ

English meaning : to drop down, flow

Russian meaning[s]: 1) рукав реки; 2) литься ручьем (о слезах)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 85

Four-angle index: 7024

Karlgren code: 0004 k

Shijing occurrences: 22.3_

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *-híl-

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: to dip, soak, make or become wet

Yasin: -híl-

Hunza: -íl-

Nagar: -íl-

Comments: Cf. also Yas. jál- `to water (field)'

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *lVɣ

Meaning: to flow

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *la:j

Austroasiatic meaning: flow, overflow

Proto-Austronesian: *qaliR

Austronesian meaning: to flow

Proto-Thai: hlaj.A to overflow CK

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *la:j

Meaning: flow, overflow

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Thai: hlaj.A to overflow CK

Proto-Katuic: *la:j

Proto-Bahnaric: WB *la:j

Proto-Palaungic: Wa *laj

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *la:j

Meaning: to overflow

Presyllable: Cǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: BRU sla:j.N

Proto-East Katuic: *la:j

References: P-336; TK15.149

West Katuic etymology :

Proto-West Katuic:

Meaning: to overflow

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Bru: sla:j.N

Bru meaning: to overflow

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic: *la:j

Meaning: to overflow

Presyllable: bǝ- / dǝ-

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Ngeq: pla:j.B

Ngeq meaning: to run over

Kri: kla:j.B

Chatong: pla:j.B

Kantu dialects: la:j

Katu dialects (1): dla:j

Katu meaning: overflowing

Bahnar etymology :

Proto-Bahnaric: *la:j

Meaning: overflow

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Bahnaric: *la:j, sǝ-

Proto-Northwest-Bahnaric: *la:j, bǝ-

References: TB17.375

West Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-West- Bahnaric: *la:j, sǝ-

Meaning: overflow

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Jaru form: l̯a:j

Juk: sala:j

North-West Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-North-West- Bahnaric: *la:j, bǝ-

Meaning: overflow

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Tariang: bla:j

Kaseng: bla:j

Yaeh: bla:j

Palaung-Wa etymology :

Proto-Palaung-Wa: *laj, s-

Meaning: to flow

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-Wa: **lhaj

Proto-Plang: *laj, h-

Proto-De'ang: De lhai

Plang etymology :

Proto-Plang: *lai, h-

Meaning: to flow

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Bulang: hlai.1

Bulang meaning: to flow

Samtao (Paulsen): lhai.1

Samtao (Paulsen) meaning: to flow

References: P-344: *lhaj.1

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