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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : HVPV
Meaning : take, carry
Eurasiatic : *ʔVpV
Afroasiatic : Cush., Ar., Eg., Om. in ND 69.
Sino-Caucasian : *HVṗV
Austric : PAA *puaʔ 'carry' (+ *bʔɔ id.), PAN *aba 'carry'
Amerind (misc.) : *apa 'carry' (R 111)
African (misc.) : ? Bantu *-pààp- 'carry (child) on back'.
Reference : ND 69.
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-afr,globet-reference,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *ʔVpV
Meaning: take, seize
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *ap-
Altaic: *apV
Kartvelian: *up-
References: ND 69 *ʔa[ṗ]V 'take, seize'; cf. *HaṗV.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-kart,nostret-reference,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *ap- <PIH *a->
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to clench, to tie round
Hittite: ep(p)- / ap(p)- 'fassen' (Tischler 107-108)
Old Indian: āpnóti `to reach, meet, fall upon'
Avestan: apayeiti `erreicht'
Latin: apīscor `erreiche, erlange', coēpī `habe angefangen', apere `comprehendere vinculo, ritu flaminum adligare', aptus `angefügt, verbunden, angepasst', ? ammentum `der in Schlingeform in der Mitee des Wurfriemens befestigte Wurfriemen; Schuhriemen'
Russ. meaning: обхватить, обвязать
References: WP I 46
Comments: Greek háptō `anheften, (an)knüpfen, anzünden', háptomai̯ `anfassen, berühren', haphǟ́ `das Anzünde, das Berühren, der Griff etc.', hápsos n. `Verbindung', hámma n. `Schlinge, Knoten, Band', háptrǟ f. `Docht einer Lampe' < *sabh- or *jabh-.
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-hitt,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 96
Root: ap-1 (richtiger ǝp-) : ēp-
English meaning: to take, grab, reach
German meaning: `fassen, nehmen, erreichen'
Material: Ai. āpnṓti `erreicht, erlangt', jünger āptá-ḥ `geschickt, geeignet, vertraut'; av. apayeiti `erreicht', 3. Pl. āpǝnte aus *āpu̯antai;

    arm. unim `besitze' (*ōp-n-?), ǝnd-unim `erlange';

    gr. ἅπτω `anfassen, anheften, anbinden, anzünden', ἅπτεσθαι `berühren', ἁφή `Berührung, Haften usw.' wird trotz dem Spiritus hierherzustellen sein. Kretschmer Gl. 7, 352 nimmt Beeinflussung durch ἕπω an; hom. ἀφάω (ἁφάω) `berühre, betaste', ion. ἀφάσσω ds., hom. ἀπαφίσκω, ἤπαφον (mit äol. o: ἀποφει̃ν ἀπατη̃σαι Hes.) `betrügen, tauschen', ἀποφώλιος `trügerisch', κατηφής `niedergeschlagen' (eigentl. `untergekriegt'). Pedersen KZ. 39, 428 stellt mit gr. ἅπτω arm. ap` `die hohle Hand' (o-St., doch Lok. y-ap`i als -i-St., also wohl ätler neutr. -os-St.) zusammen, welches Wort dem gr. ἅψος `Gelenk' entsprechen soll; wegen des p` (= idg. ph) jedoch unsicher (vgl. Meillet BSL. 36, 110);

    lat. apīscor `fasse, erreiche', adipīscor `erlange', coēpi `habe angefangen', später coepī. Der Zusammenhang mit lat. *apiō, *apere `comprehendere vinculo, verbinden, umbinden' (imper. ape `prohibe, compesce'), aptus `verknüpft, ausgestattetmit', cōpula (co-apula) `Band' steht wohl fest. Vielleicht ist von einer gemeinsamen Grundbedeutung `fassen, zusammenfassen' auszugehen.

    Auch lat. apud `bei' wird am besten hierherzustellen sein. Die Grundbedeutung wäre `in naher Verbindung' (vgl. juxtā). Man hat vom Part. Perf. neutr. *apu̯od (aus *apu̯ot `erreicht habend') auszugehen. Die Nebenform apor, apur (mars.-lat. apur finem) weist auf ursprüngl. -d;

    lat. apex, -icis `Spitze', bes. `stabartiger Aufsatz auf der Priestermütze', gehört vielleicht zu *apiō; vgl. auch EM. 60;

    toch. A oppäc̨c̨i `geschickt' (Van Windekens Lexique 82);

    hitt. e-ip-mi (ē̆pmi) `nehme', 3. Pl. ap-pa-an-zi (apanzi).

    Über ai. āpí- `Freund', gr. ἤπιoς `freundlich' s. u. ēpi-.

References: WP. I 45 f., WH. I 57 f., 60, 847, Pedersen Hitt. 128, Couvreur H̯ 93.
Pages: 50-51
PIE database: PIE database
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *apV
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: to take
Russian meaning: брать
Turkic: *ạbuč
Mongolian: *abi-
Tungus-Manchu: *abgu-
Comments: A Western isogloss. KW 19, Poppe 44. Despite TMN 4, 307-310, PT *abuč (*abut) cannot be regarded as a variant of *adɨ[ĺ] (on which see under *alda) - although the two roots could have influenced each other. The closed vowel in PT is not quite clear (under the influence of the two following labial phonemes?).
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *ạbuč
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: handful
Russian meaning: пригоршня
Karakhanid: avut (MK), avut-ča, avuč-ča (KB), avuč (Tefs.)
Turkish: avuč
Tatar:
Middle Turkic: avuč (MA, Sangl., Бор. Бад.)
Uzbek: xɔwuč
Uighur:
Sary-Yughur:
Azerbaidzhan: ovuč
Turkmen: ovuč, jan-avuč
Khakassian: ōs
Shor:
Oyrat: ūš
Chuvash: ɨvъś
Kirghiz: ūč
Kazakh: uwɨs
Noghai: uvɨs
Bashkir: us
Balkar: uwuč
Gagauz: auč
Karaim: avuč, uvuč, uvuc
Karakalpak: uwɨs
Salar:
Kumyk: uvuč
Comments: EDT 44, VEWT 3, ЭСТЯ 1, 409-410, Егоров 342, Дыбо 179-181, Лексика 25-253. Turk. > MMong. a'uč id. (Щербак 1997, 103).
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *ab-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to take
Russian meaning: брать
Written Mongolian: abi-, ab- (L 1,2), abu-
Middle Mongolian: abu (HY 39), ab- (SH), oba-, aba- (IM 432), abu- (MA 94, 97)
Khalkha: av-
Buriat: aba-, ab-
Kalmuck: aw-
Ordos: ab-, aw-
Dongxian: agi- (Тод. Дн. 110), uɣu- (MGCD) (?)
Baoan: ab- (Тод. Бн. 132), apǝ- (MGCD)
Dagur: aw- (Тод. Даг. 118)
Shary-Yoghur: ab-
Monguor: awu-, abu- (SM 16)
Mogol: afu-, ab-; ZM ɔ̄b- (24-6a, 41-1)
Comments: KW 19, MGCD 91. Cf. also abuča 'taking, handful' (KW 20).
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-bao,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-mogh,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *abgu-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: 1 to pull out, take from 2 (refl.) to appear
Russian meaning: 1 вытаскивать, вынимать 2 (возвр.) появляться
Even: abgịn- 2
Negidal: abgụ- 1
Ulcha: aGbụmbụ- 1, aGbụn- 2
Orok: aGbụn-
Nanai: aGbị-mboGo- 1, aGbịačị- 2
Oroch: ābu- 1
Udighe: agbu- 1
Comments: ТМС 1, 3-4.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-reference,

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Kartvelian etymology :

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Proto-Kartvelian: *up-
Nostratic: Nostratic
Russian meaning: владеть
English meaning: to possess
Georgian: up-; me-up-e, me-p-e 'king'
Megrel: ma-p-a
Megrel meaning (Rus.): царь
Megrel meaning (Eng.): king
Laz: ma-p-a-c̣ḳar-
Laz meaning (Rus.): царский источник
Laz meaning (Eng.): king's spring
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 186, EWK 346.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-mgmean,kartet-emgmean,kartet-laz,kartet-lzmean,kartet-elzmean,kartet-notes,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *HVṗV
Meaning: carry on the back, shoulder
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Sino-Tibetan: *p(u)ǝH (-k)
Burushaski: *hápa
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-stib,sccet-buru,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *p(u)ǝH (-k)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: carry (on the back)
Chinese: *b_ǝʔ carry on the back.
Tibetan: ãba to bring, carry.
Kachin: baʔ2 carry a child on the back.
Lushai: pua (po, puak) to carry on the back.
Comments: Nung ba carry on the shoulder; Digaro ba carry (a child). Ben. 19. Cf. *phǝ̄wH.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-comments,

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Chinese characters :

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Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: bào
Preclassic Old Chinese: bhūʔ
Classic Old Chinese: bhū́
Western Han Chinese: bhǝ̄́w
Eastern Han Chinese: bhǝ̄́w
Early Postclassic Chinese: bhǝ̄́w
Middle Postclassic Chinese: bhā́w
Late Postclassic Chinese: bhā́w
Middle Chinese: bâẃ
English meaning : to carry in the arms
Russian meaning[s]: 1) обнимать; держать на руках; няньчить; 2) таить на сердце, лелеять; затаить; 3) высиживать (яйца); 4) тесно облегать; точно подходить; 5) Бао (фамилия)
Comments: For OC *bh- cf. Min forms: Xiamen phau6, Chaozhou pho4, phau4, Longdu pho6.
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Dialectal data: Dialectal data
Radical: 64
Four-angle index: 7106
Karlgren code: 1113 j
Jianchuan Bai: pu1
Dali Bai: po4
Bijiang Bai: bü1
Shijing occurrences: 21.1, 58.1
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,bigchina-shijing,

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Chinese Dialects :

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Number: 581
Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology
Character:
MC description : 效開一上皓並
ZIHUI: 2128 1278
Beijing: pau 3
Jinan: pɔ 3
Xi'an: pau 3
Taiyuan: pau 3
Hankou: pau 3
Chengdu: pau 3
Yangzhou: pɔ 3
Suzhou: bä 32
Wenzhou: bз 22
Changsha: pau 31 (lit.); pau 32
Shuangfeng: bǝ 32
Nanchang: phau 32
Meixian: phau 3
Guangzhou: phou 22
Xiamen: phau 32 (lit.); po 32
Chaozhou: pho 22
Fuzhou: pɔ 32
Shanghai: pɔ 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: pau 3
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,

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Burushaski etymology :

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Common Burushaski: *hápa
Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology
Meaning: carry on the shoulders
Hunza: hápa -́t-
Nagar: hápa -́t-
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,

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Austric etymology :

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Proto-Austric: *lVʔn (? *lVtVʔn)
Meaning: wood
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Proto-Austroasiatic: *luoŋ
Austroasiatic meaning: tree, wood
Proto-Austronesian: *aliten / *aluten
Austronesian meaning: brand, firewood
Notes: ?
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,austr-anme,austr-notes,

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Austro-Asiatic etymology :

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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *luoŋ
Meaning: tree, wood
Austric etymology: Austric etymology
Proto-Katuic: *luɔŋ
Proto-Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ
Proto-Vietic: *laŋ, kǝ-
Proto-Monic: M bluiŋ
Proto-Khmu: *lɔ:ŋ
Proto-Aslian: *dǝlɔŋ
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-kat,aaet-bah,aaet-vim,aaet-mon,aaet-kmu,aaet-asli,

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Katuic etymology :

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Proto-Katuic: *luɔŋ
Meaning: wood
Presyllable: ʔǝ(N)-
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Proto-West Katuic: *luaŋ
Proto-East Katuic: *lɔ:ŋ
References: P-413; TK4.21
katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-wkat,katet-ekat,katet-bibref,

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West Katuic etymology :

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Proto-West Katuic: *luaŋ
Meaning: wood
Presyllable: ʔǝ-
Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology
Bru Van Keu: ʔaluaŋ
Bru Van Keu meaning: tree
So: ʔalu:a:ŋ.B
So meaning: wood
Bru: ʔǝluaŋ.B
Bru meaning: wood
Kui: ʔǝluaŋ.B
Kui meaning: wood
Kuay: ʔaluǝŋ.B
Kuay meaning: wood
Ngeu: lɔ:ŋ
Ngeu meaning: wood
wkatet-meaning,wkatet-wpre,wkatet-prnum,wkatet-vkv,wkatet-vkvme,wkatet-so,wkatet-some,wkatet-bru,wkatet-brume,wkatet-kui,wkatet-kuime,wkatet-kuay,wkatet-kuayme,wkatet-ngeu,wkatet-nyeume,

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East Katuic etymology :

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Proto-East Katuic: *lɔ:ŋ
Meaning: wood
Presyllable: ʔǝN-/#
Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology
Pakoh: ʔǝlɔ:ŋ
Pakoh meaning: wood, tree
Taojh: llɔ:ŋ
Taojh meaning: wood, tree (PT-133)
Ngeq: lɔ:ŋ lɨǝj
Ngeq meaning: wood
Kri: ndâ:ŋ I?
Chatong: llɔ:ŋ
Kantu: ʔlɔ:ŋ
Kantu dialects: ndâ:ŋ
Kantu meaning: wood
Triw: lɔ:ŋ
Dakkan dialects (1): lâ:ŋ
Dakkan dialects (2): llɔ:ŋ
Dakkan meaning: wood
Katu dialects (1): nlâ:ŋ
Katu dialects (2): nlâ:ŋ
Katu dialects (3): nlɔ:ŋ
Katu meaning: tree, wood
ekatet-meaning,ekatet-epre,ekatet-prnum,ekatet-pak,ekatet-pakme,ekatet-tao,ekatet-taome,ekatet-nge,ekatet-ngeme,ekatet-kr,ekatet-ct,ekatet-kntv,ekatet-kntt,ekatet-kntme,ekatet-tr,ekatet-dkl,ekatet-dkk,ekatet-dkme,ekatet-and,ekatet-hka,ekatet-hkv,ekatet-katme,

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Bahnar etymology :

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Proto-Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ
Meaning: tree, wood
Presyllable: ʔǝ-
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Bahnar: ʔlɔ:ŋ
Bahnar meaning: tree, log, stick
Proto-North Bahnaric: *lo:ŋ.T, ʔ-
Proto-South Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ
Proto-West Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ, ʔǝ-
Proto-Northwest-Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ, ʔǝ-
Harak: ʔlɔ:ŋ
References: JS-471, TB4.12, TB4.25
banet-meaning,banet-prpr,banet-prnum,banet-bah,banet-bahme,banet-nob,banet-sob,banet-web,banet-nwb,banet-har,banet-refer,

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North Bahnaric etymology :

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Proto-North-Bahnaric: *lo:ŋ.T, ʔ-
Meaning: tree
Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology
Rengao form: lo:ŋ.T
Rengao meaning: tree
Jeh form: ʔlo:ŋ.T
Jeh meaning: tree
Sedang form: loaŋ.T
Sedang meaning: tree; ploŋ.L trunk
Hre form: loaŋ.T
Hre meaning: tree
Mo'dra: lo:ŋ.T
Didra: luoŋ.T
References: PNB-79, GS-28
nobet-meaning,nobet-prnum,nobet-ren,nobet-renme,nobet-jeh,nobet-jehme,nobet-sed,nobet-sedme,nobet-hre,nobet-hreme,nobet-modr,nobet-didr,nobet-refer,

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South Bahnaric etymology :

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Proto-South Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ
Meaning: firewood
Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology
Chrau form: lɔ:ŋ
Chrau meaning: firewood
Stieng form: lɔ:ŋ
Stieng meaning: firewood
sobet-meaning,sobet-prnum,sobet-chr,sobet-chrme,sobet-sti,sobet-stime,

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West Bahnaric etymology :

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Proto-West- Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ, ʔǝ-
Meaning: tree, wood
Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology
Jaru form: ʔlɔ:ŋ
Jaru meaning: tree, wood
Nhaheung form: ʔlɔ:ŋ
Nhaheung meaning: tree, wood
Brao form: lɔ:ŋ
Brao meaning: tree, wood
References: JS-471
webet-meaning,webet-prnum,webet-jr,webet-jrme,webet-nha,webet-nhame,webet-brao,webet-brame,webet-refer,

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North-West Bahnaric etymology :

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Proto-North-West- Bahnaric: *lɔ:ŋ, ʔǝ-
Meaning: tree
Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology
Tariang: ʔlɔ:ŋ
Kaseng: lɔ:ŋ P?
Yaeh: ʔlɔ:ŋ
nwbet-meaning,nwbet-prnum,nwbet-tr,nwbet-ks,nwbet-yh,

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Harak etymology :

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Proto-Harak: *lɔ:ŋ, ʔǝ-
Meaning: tree
Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology
Harak: ʔlɔ:ŋ
Alak: ʔlɔ:ŋ wood
haret-meaning,haret-prnum,haret-hr,haret-alak,

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Viet-Muong etymology :

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Proto-Viet-Muong: *laŋ, kǝ-
Meaning: tree
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Tum: kǝl.0 khlaŋ.33
vimet-meaning,vimet-prnum,vimet-tum,

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Aslian etymology :

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Proto-Aslian: *dǝlɔŋ
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Meaning: tree
Semelai: dǝlɔŋ
Semoq Beri: dǝlɔŋ
asliet-prnum,asliet-meaning,asliet-sml,asliet-ber,

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