Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *nǝmǝʁja-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: worm, snake, eel

Russian meaning: червь, змея, угорь

Proto-Yupik: *nǝmǝʁja-

Proto-Inupik: *nimiʁia-

Comments: Borrowed from KCh *nɣẹm (~ *lɣ-) 'worm, snake', PCh *'ǝnɣem (~ -lɣ-) id.

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 226

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *nǝmǝʁja-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: worm 1, snake 2

Russian Meaning: червь 1, змея 2

Sirenik: nǝmǝ́ʁjaχ 2, 'water worm'

Chaplino: nǝmǝ́ʁjaq (t) 1, 2

Naukan: nǝmǝ́ʁjak 1, 2

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: nǝmǝʁjaq 'long seaweed, fishline'

Central Alaskan Yupik: nǝmǝʁjaq 'lamprey'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 226

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *nimiʁia-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: water worm 1, snake 2, eel 3

Russian meaning: червь (дождевой) 1, змея 2, угорь 3

Seward Peninsula Inupik: nimiʁiaq 3

SPI Dialects: Imaq nɨmáʁēq, [nɨmɨ́ʁjaq < Nauk ?] 2

North Alaskan Inupik: nimiʁiaq 1, 2, 'lamprey'

Western Canadian Inupik: nimiʁiaq 2

WCI Dialects: Cop nimiʁiaq 1 (found in pond) [Jen.]

Eastern Canadian Inupik: nimiʁiaq 2, 'centipede'

Greenlandic Inupik: nimiʁiaq 3

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 226

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *lVmbV

Meaning: snake, eel

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *li̯àmba ( ~ *ĺ-, -o)

Eskimo-Aleut: *nǝmǝʁja-

Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *nɣẹm (~ *lɣ-)

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *li̯àmba ( ~ *ĺ-, -o)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of big fish

Russian meaning: вид большой рыбы

Tungus-Manchu: *liamba-

Japanese: *nàmà(n)tù

Comments: A Tung.-Jpn. isogloss; but cf. perhaps also Khak. nomza 'dace' ( < *jom-); Tat. jumba, ǯumba 'burbot' (VEWT 210); {WMo nümer 'осьминог'}.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *liamba-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 salmon 2 fish

Russian meaning: 1 лосось 2 рыба

Evenki: lē̂mba 1

Spoken Manchu: nimǝhā 2 (331, 2174)

Literary Manchu: nimaxa 2

Jurchen: limwa-xa (163) 2

Ulcha: ńịmụ 1

Orok: loịma 'trout'

Nanai: ịmaχa 2, ńịmo 1

Comments: ТМС 1, 496, 501.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *nàmà(n)tù

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sheat-fish

Russian meaning: сом

Middle Japanese: nàmàdù

Tokyo: nàmazu

Kyoto: námàzù

Kagoshima: namazú

Comments: JLTT 492. The Tokyo accent is aberrant (pointing rather to LHH).

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *nɣẹm (~ *lɣ-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning (Rus.): червь

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ǝnɣem (~ -lɣ-)

Proto-Itelmen: *xim "

Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *'ǝnɣem (~ -lɣ-)

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): червь 1, змея 2

Koryak: ǝnɣem, hǝnɣem (I) 1, 2

Palan: hǝnɣem, hǝlɣem 1

Alutor: ǝnɣam 1

Itelmen etymology :

Proto-Itelmen: *xim "

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): червь

Itelmen: xim-ɣim (xmi'-n pl.)

Itelmen meaning: червь

West Itelmen: xim-ɣ_im (xmi-n pl.) 1, ximti-kaz (ximti-knǝn part.pass.) 2

West Itelmen meaning: vermis 1, verminare 2

West Itelmen meaning (Polish): robak 1, zarobaczyć się, zawszyć się 2

Number in Volodin 1976: 29, 126

Comments: В публикации Дыбовского описка "ч" = [č] вместо pукописного "г" = [ɣ].

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : LVMV

Meaning : large fish

Eurasiatic : *lVmbV

Afroasiatic : *laḫm-

Amerind (misc.) : *(n)amakʷ 'fish' (R 271) ? [+ A]

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *laḫm-

Meaning: large water animal

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Semitic: *laḫm- 'kind of large aquatic animal'

Egyptian: ḫrm(w) (<*ḫVlVm-?) 'crocodile'? (NK)

Beḍauye (Beja): *leHem- 'crockodile'

Central Cushitic (Agaw): *(H)alm- 'Boa constrictor'

Saho-Afar: *(H)i/ul(u)m- 'crockodile/hippopotamus'

Notes: Cf. Bla. Beja Fauna, 20: Beja; Eg. with reservations; Bilin; Saho Afar; Tigre ʔälma 'crockodile' (a loan < Saho?); also Nub.: Kenuzi-Dongola élum, Mahas úlum (Cush.?) Chad.: *Haram- 'crocodile'(Nub ulum [Hoh:326]/ *lVg- 'crocodile'.

Semitic etymology :

Number: 2649

Proto-Semitic: *laḫm-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: kind of large aquatic animal

Akkadian: laḫmu (laḫamu) 'a monster' OAkk. on [CAD l 41], 'ein mythisches Meerungeheuer' [AHw. 528]. Until recently, l. was known exclusively from literary texts (for its association with water cf. the well-documented expression laḫmū šūt tâmtim 'lahmus, those of the Deep'. Now, interesting evidence for l. as a real, non-mythical creature inhabiting the waters of Euphrates comes from Mari letters for which see [Guichard], [Durand 1993], [Durand 1997 344] (but cf. sceptical observations in [Edzard] and [Cavigneaux]).

Mehri: ǝwzáym (an evident misprint instead of ǝwḫáym) 'shark' [JM 259].

Jibbali: lḫum id. [JJ 167].

Harsusi: léḫem id. [JH 86].

Soqotri: léḥem 'grand poisson, requin' [LS 232].

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: (?) ḫrm(w) (<*ḫVlVm-?)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'crocodile'? (NK)

Notes: 'ein Gewässer' EG III 330. Bla Beja 20: "? Eg (NK) "crockodile", reconstructed after the sign "crocodile" determining the homonymous place name ("ein Gewässer - see Wb. III, 330: cf. W.M.Müller, WZKM 10 [1896], 205 who mentioned the modern name timsāḥ, i.e. "crocodile"; with question mark accepted also by Cohen 1947, 153)"

Bedauye (Beja) etymology :

Bedauye: leema (HuB), leéma (Re & Al.)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'crockodile' Bla. Beja Fauna, 20

Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :

Proto-Agaw: *(H)alm-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'Boa constrictor'

Bilin: alma 'Riesenshlange; Boa constrictor' Rein. Bil.

Saho-Afar etymology :

Proto-Saho-Afar: *(H)i/ul(u)m-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'crockodile/hippopotamus'

Saho: ilmaa 'Krockodil' Rein. Sa.

Afar (Danakil): ulum 'Flusspferd' Rein Af.

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