South Dravidian etymology : List with all references

Proto-South Dravidian : *keḍ-

Meaning : to die, perish

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : keṭu (keṭuv-, keṭṭ-)

Tamil meaning : to perish, be destroyed, decay, rot, become damaged, spoiled, fall on evil days, degenerate, be reduced, run away defeated

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to destroy, squander, extinguish, damage, spoil, corrupt, defeat, lose; n. peril, poverty; keṭṭa bad, spoiled, ruined; keṭṭavan_ a bad, immoral person; fem. keṭṭavaḷ; keṭal ūẓ evil fate; keṭutal ruin, damage, danger, degeneracy; keṭuti ruin, loss, damage, thing lost, danger, affliction, evil; keṭumpu ruin, evil; kēṭu ruin, loss, damage, adversity, death, evil; kēṭan_ ruined, miserable man, he who ruins; fem. kēṭi

Malayalam : keṭu

Malayalam meaning : ruin

Malayalam derivates : keṭuka to be extinguished, be ruined, spoilt, damaged; keṭuti ruin, danger, weakness, misery; keṭumpu depravity, rottenness; keṭumpikka to be spoiled by drying up; keṭṭa lost, bad; keṭukka to quench, do away with, damage, ruin; kēṭu destruction, loss, damage, hurt; kēṭan a rogue

Kannada : keḍu, kiḍu (keṭṭ-)

Kannada meaning : to be destroyed, be ruined, be spoiled, become bad, become vicious, be extinguished, cease (as sorrow, etc.)

Kannada derivates : keḍisu, kiḍisu to destroy, ruin, spoil, extinguish; keṭṭa ruined, spoiled, foul, bad; keṭṭe evil, misfortune, ruin; keṭṭatana a bad, wicked, lewd disposition or conduct; keḍaka, keḍika, keḍuka, kiḍuka man who destroys, one who is ruined, a bad, wicked, mean man; fem. keḍaki, keḍike, keḍuki; keḍakatana, keḍakutana, keḍukutana a corrupt, bad, lewd nature or conduct; keḍaku, keḍuku corruption, ruin, evil; keḍuvike being destroyed, etc.; keḍuha ruin, disappearance; kiḍa man who is ruined, etc.; kiḍi, kiḍuka one who ruins or destroys; kēḍu ruin, destruction, evil, loss; kēḍi, kēḍiga, kēḍuga one who ruins or destroys; kēḍitana, kēḍigatana state of being a destroyer or being destroyed; kīḍiki a vile, unchaste woman; kīṭakatana, kīṭale mischief-making

Kodagu : këḍ- (këṭṭ-)

Kodagu meaning : to be spoiled, ruined, extinguished

Kodagu derivates : këḍɨt- (këḍɨti-) to spoil, ruin, extinguish; kē̈ḍɨ ruin, rottenness

Tulu : keḍaguni

Tulu meaning : to ruin, spoil

Tulu derivates : keḍuku, keḍa, keḍakụ damage, loss; keḍake oppressor; keṭṭa bad, vile; kēḍụ, kēḍu mischief, evil, danger, disaster, loss, perdition; kēḍage, kēḍiŋge mischief-maker

Proto-Nilgiri : *keḍ-

Number in DED : 1942

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *keḍ-

Meaning : to die; to perish

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : keṛ- (keṭ-) "to die, be ruined, be lost"

Toda : köṛ- (köṭ-) "to be spoiled, become bad in conduct, be extinguished, die (others than Todas)"

Additional forms : Also Kota keṛc- (keṛc-) to ruin, destroy, lose; kēṛ (obl. kēṭ-) ruin, harm, danger, loss, funeral, corpse; Toda köṛc- (köṛč-) to kill by witchcraft, extinguish, make to go wrong way and lose property; köḍɵɨl misfortune, evil; köḍc- (köḍč-) to destroy (< Badaga); kȫḍ (obl. kȫṭ-) dead person (corpse at first funeral, relics at second funeral), funeral; kȫṛ ōx- to die (used of Todas)

Number in DED : 1942

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *k̂eḍ-

Meaning : to perish

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *keḍ-

Proto-Telugu : *ceḍ-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *k̂iṭ-

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *ceḍ-

Meaning : to be spoiled, destroyed, become bad, useless, be a loser or sustain a loss

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : ceḍu

Additional forms : Also [1] ceḍḍa, [2] ceḍu bad, wicked, wrong, spoiled, damaged; ceṭṭa evil, harm; wicked; ceḍipa an unchaste woman; ceḍugu evil, harm, calamity; ceḍḍatanamu badness, vice, enmity, odium; cēṭu ruin, misfortune, destruction; keḍayu to die; keḍayika death; keḍapu to kill; kīḍu evil, harm, danger; giṭṭu to die, perish; [1] cer_ucu, [2] cer_acu, [3] cer_upu, [4] cer_apu to spoil, destroy, ruin, ravish, rape (cf. 1981)

Number in DED : 1942

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *k̂iṭ-

Meaning : to be extinguished

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : kiṭ- (kiṭt-)

Naikri : kiṭ-

Naiki : kiṛ- (kiṭṭ-) "(fire) to go out"

Parji : ciṭ- "(fire) goes out"

Ollari Gadba : siṭ- "(fire) goes out"

Salur Gadba : ciṭṭ- "to be put out as fire"

Additional forms : Also Kolami kiṭip- (kiṭipt-) to extinguish; Naikri kiṭip- to extinguish; Naiki kiṭup-/kiṭp- to put out fire; Parji ciṭip- to put out (fire); Ollari siṭp- (siṭt-) to make (fire) go out

Number in DED : 1942

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ḳVtV

Meaning: to tear, split

Indo-European: *(s)ked-

Altaic: *k`et[o]

Dravidian: *k̂eḍ-

Comments: Cf. also PIE *kad- `to injure, harm', *kaid- `to beat, hew', *kat- / *k'at- 'battle'; PK *kʷed- 'sharpen' (ND 1015); PA *k`àd[ú] 'be worn out, destroyed', *kā́jta 'to stick into'; PK *ḳod- 'delve' (? ND 1009 + Sem.), PD *koṭṭ- / *kuṭṭ- id. (Bomhard 1996, 228-230); *k̂aṬ- 'bite'; *kutt- 'pierce'; SDr *kāt- 'kill, fight' (ND 1224 *ḳ[a]ṭV 'to kill, wage a war' + SH). Obviously several roots (cf. *kUŋ[d]V, *ḳUdV).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *skeda- (-kh-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to split

Tokharian: A, B kät- (PT *kät-) 'strew, sow' (Adams 157)

Old Indian: skhadate `to cut, split'

Armenian: ? šert `Span, Holzscheit'

Old Greek: (s)kedánnǖmi, skídnamai̯, -nǟmi, kedáō, aor. e(s)kéda(s)sa `zerstreuen, zersprengen, auseinandertreiben', med. `sich zerstreuen, zerspringen, auseinandergehen, sich ausbreiten'

Slavic: *ščedrъ(jь)

Baltic: *sked-er-w-ā̂ f., *skad-r-[u]- adj., *sked-en-a- c.

Germanic: *skat-Vr-ō- vb.

Celtic: MIr scaindrim `zerspalten'

Russ. meaning: раскалывать, расщеплять

References: WP II 558 f

Comments: Cf. *(s)kenǝ-, *(s)kenǝ-t-, *(s)kenǝ-d-.

Vasmer's dictionary :

Word: ще́дрый,

Near etymology: щедр, щедра́, ще́дро (судя по наличию -е-, заимств. из цслав.), укр. ще́дрий, блр. шчо́дры, др.-русск. щедръ, ст.-слав. штедръ οἰκτίρμων (Рs. Sin., Супр.), болг. щедър (Младенов 697), чеш. štědrý "щедрый", слвц. štedrý, польск. szczodry, в.-луж. šćedry, šćedrić "крошить", н.-луж. šćodry "добродушный, кроткий, щедрый".

Further etymology: Праслав. *ščеdrъ, по-видимому, родственно лтш. šk̨ędę̄rns "небольшой кусочек дерева, щепка", лит. kedė́ti "треснуть", греч. σκεδάννῡμι "раскалываю, рассеиваю"; см. Брандт, РФВ 24, 174; Мейе, МSL 14, 340; Перссон, IF 35, 213; Гофман, Gr. Wb. 316. Менее убедительно сравнение с греч. σκεθρός "скудный, точный", н.-в.-н. schitter, schütter "свободный, тонкий, с изъянами", вопреки Леви (IF 32, 159); иначе об этих словах см. Перссон, там же; Бругман, KVGr. 329; Гофман, там же.

Pages: 4,499

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *sked-er-w-ā̂ f., *skad-r-[u]- adj., *sked-en-a- c.

Meaning: split

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: skedervà `Splitter'

Lettish: skadrs `leicht zu spalten; munter, frisch, aufgeweckt'; šk̨ed[ę]ns `der dritte oder vierte Teil vom Holzscheit'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *skatVrōn- vb.

Meaning: break, shatter

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old English: scaterian `zerstreuen'

Middle English: scateren `zerstreuen'

English: shatter, scatter

Middle Dutch: scāteren `schetteren, snateren, kakaelen, schaterlachen'

Dutch: schateren, schetteren

Middle Low German: schāteren `mit Gekrach auseinander reissen, laut lachen'

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1717

Root: (s)k(h)ed-, (s)k(h)e-n-d-

English meaning: to crush, scatter

German meaning: `zerspalten, zerstreuen'

General comments: (Erweiterung von sek- `schneiden')

Material: Ai. skhadatē (unbelegt) `spaltet' (*skhn̥d-?); av. sčandayeiti `zerbricht, vernichtet', skǝnda- m. `Zerstörung' usw.; mpers. škastan `zerbrechen';

arm. šert `Span, Holzscheit' (*skhedri-);

gr. σκεδάννυμι (Aor. auch ohne s-: ἐκέδασσα, ἐκέδασθεν) `zersplittere, zersprenge, zerstreue', ablaut. σκίδνημι ds., σκίδναμαι, κίδναμαι `sich zerstreuen (von Menschenmengen)'; σκιδαρόν ἀραιόνHes.;

alb. tshanj, tshaj `spalte, zerreiße, pflüge' (*sked-ni̯ō); lat. scindula, scandula f. `Schindel';

mengl. scateren `zerstreuen', engl. scatter ds., shatter `zerbrechen', mnd. schateren `mit Gekrach auseinander reißen, laut lachen';

lit. skedervà `Splitter', lett. škedēns `kleines, abgespaltenes Holzstück'; lit. kedė́ti `bersten', kedénti `zupfen, Wolle krämpeln';

aksl. skǫdъ `arm, klein'; russ. ščédryj `freigebig' (`*vergeudend, sein Gut zersplitternd'), sloven. ščedljìv `sparsam' (`*knauserig = abzwackend').

References: WP. II 558 f., WH. II 488 f.

Pages: 918-919

PIE database: PIE database

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *k`et[o]

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to tear apart, rip

Russian meaning: разрывать, раздирать

Turkic: *Kotar-

Mongolian: *kadu-

Tungus-Manchu: *xetü-

Comments: An expressive Western isogloss; cf. *k`àd[ú], with a possibility of contaminations.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *Kotar-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to tear out, uproot 2 to break 3 to move

Russian meaning: 1 выдирать (с корнем) 2 ломать 3 сдвигать, перемещать

Tatar: qutar- (dial.) 3

Khakassian: xodɨr- 1, 2

Oyrat: qodor- 1

Kirghiz: qotor- 3

Bashkir: qutar- 2

Comments: VEWT 284, ЭСТЯ 6, 85-86.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *kadu-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to sever ribs from the spine 2 to mow 3 to rip with fangs (of a wild swine) 4 sickle, scythe 5 to cut

Russian meaning: 1 отделять ребра от позвоночника 2 косить 3 раздирать клыками (о кабане) 4 серп, коса 5 отсекать, рубить

Written Mongolian: qadu- (L 903), qada- 2, qadura- (L 903) 3

Middle Mongolian: qatu'ur (HY 19) 4, qataxasam (~ mixan) (HY 24) 'the meat of the best taste'

Khalkha: xada- 1,2, xadra- 3, xadūr 4

Buriat: xada- 2, xadar- 3, xadūr 4

Kalmuck: xad- 2, xadūr 4 (КРС)

Ordos: xadu- 2, xadūr 4

Dongxian: Gadu- 2, Gadu 4

Baoan: Gadǝ- 2, Gadǝr 4

Dagur: xadǝ- 2 (Тод. Даг. 172 xada-), xadūr 4 (Тод. Даг. 172), hade- 2, hadure 4 (MD 154)

Shary-Yoghur: Gadǝ- 2, Gadūr 4

Monguor: Gadi- (SM 116), Gadǝ- 2, Gadir (SM 116), Gadǝr 4, (?) xadiri- 'trancher, couper la gorge' (SM 147) ( = qadura-)

Comments: MGCD 315. Mong. > Evk. kadu- etc., see ТМС 1, 360-361, Poppe 1966, 193, 194, Doerfer MT 81, Rozycki 97.