South Dravidian etymology : List with all references

Proto-South Dravidian : *arai-

Meaning : to rub, grind

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : arai (-v-, -nt-)

Tamil meaning : to become macerated, worn out

Tamil derivates : (-pp-, -tt-) to grind, pulverize, destroy by rubbing, mash, destroy, clear of seeds, gin; araippu grinding, pulverizing; aravu (aravi-) to torment (cf. Tu.); arakku (arakki-) to rub with the palm of hand or the sole of foot, ruin, cause trouble to; araŋku (araŋki-) to suffer, be destroyed; arantai affliction, trouble; aruvu (aruvi-) to wear away (as a flood erodes a river's banks), afflict

Malayalam : arayuka

Malayalam meaning : to be bruised

Malayalam derivates : aravu grinding; arekka to grind to powder; arappu powdering; araŋŋuka, arakkuka bruising gently to remove the husk by rubbing

Kannada : are (arad-)

Kannada meaning : to grind, pulverize, crush; n. state of being ground, etc.

Kannada derivates : arayisu, arisu to cause to grind, etc.; arata act of grinding; ari to grind on a slab, rub cotton with the feet in cleaning it; (Hav.) araccu to crush; (Hav.) arappu coconut paste

Kodagu : ara- (arap-, arat-)

Kodagu meaning : to grind with roller stone, mix up in a paste in preparing curry spices

Tulu : arepuni, arepini, areyuni, arevuni

Tulu meaning : to pulverize by pounding or grinding, oppress

Tulu derivates : arepāvuni to cause to grind; arepu, arepelụ act of grinding, that which is ground for condiment; areñcuni to rub off, peel, skin; araḍuni to rub

Proto-Nilgiri : *ar[ä]-

Miscellaneous : IRU re- (ret-) to grind

Notes : Most of the derivative stems can be traced back to *arai- with consonantal extensions. Tamil aruvu 'to wear away' may have appeared under the influence of aruvu 'to flow down (of spring)'.

Number in DED : 0228

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *ar[ä]-

Meaning : to sharpen

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : arv- (art-) "to grind (chillies)"

Toda : arɵ- (arɵy-)

Notes : In Toda *ar- would be expected; the suffixal -ɵ- is unclear.

Number in DED : 228

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *arái-

Meaning : to rub two things against each other (> to grind; to launder)

Proto-South Dravidian: *arai-

Proto-Telugu : *rā-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *rā-k-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *rā- ~ *rē-

Notes : The entry in DEDR is a perfect example of the frequently witnessed confusion of data: it gives Konḍa rēs- 'to stir and mix, to plate (metals)' as a potential cognate, but later on the same form (rēs-) resurfaces in DEDR 3949 as 'to make plating (of metals)' and still later on in DEDR 4610 as 'to stir, mix' (!!!). This is, of course, due to the fact that proper reflexation of PDR auslaut vocalism in syncopated roots in Gondwan is rather hard to establish. // Present in 4/6 branches.

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *rā-

Meaning : to be rubbed

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : rāyu

Additional forms : Also [1] rācu, [2] r_ācu to rub, grind, smear; rāp-āḍu to rub against each other; [1] rāpiḍi, [2] rāpu, [3] r_āpu, [4] rāpuḍu rubbing, friction, filing; rā-poḍi filings; rāyiḍi rubbing, friction; āku-r_āyi file; ? [1] ragulu, [2] ravulu to be kindled, take fire, burn, flame; ? rā̃ju id., (K. also) (smoke) comes out as an indication of the forming of fire, grieve; [1] aravaralu, [2] ar_avar_alu bits, fragments; aravuḍu a bit, fragment

Number in DED : 228

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *rā-k-

Meaning : to rub

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami (Setumadhava Rao) : rāk- "to rub teeth, wash"

Number in DED : 228

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *rā- ~ *rē-

Meaning : to rub; to mix

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *rāj-

Konda : rās- (-t-)

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *rec-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *rā- ~ *rē-

Notes : Possibly more than one root involved; unfortunately, Gondwan reflexes of former bisyllabic verbal bases with a vocalic anlaut are quite poorly studied.

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *rāj-

Meaning : to rub

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Koya Gondi : rāy-

Number in DED : 228

Number in CVOTGD : 3024

Konda etymology :

Konda : rās- (-t-)

Meaning: to plaster (walls), anoint (body or body parts), clean (teeth, etc.)

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Additional forms : Also Konda rāsay ā- to apply oil, turmeric, etc., to one's own body; rāspis- to cause to apply oil, plaster

Number in DED : 228

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *rec-

Meaning : to scrape (tongue with toothstick), sharpen (pencil)

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : rec- (-c-)

Number in DED : 228

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *rā- ~ *rē-

Meaning : to rub, wash

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : rāga (rāgi-) "to be rubbed, worn by friction, be chafed; n. friction, abrasion, attrition"

Khuttia Kui : rēc- "to rub, smear"

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : rācali "to clean"

Kuwi (Schulze) : rāca tuh'nai/mlekh'nai "to rub"

Sunkarametta Kuwi : rāc- "to wash (clothes)"

Tekriya Kuwi : rāk- "to rub"

Kuwi (Israel) : rāk- "to rub"

Additional forms : Also Kui rāpka (< rāk-p-; rākt-) to cause to rub together, wear by friction; rēsa (rēsi-) to rub, chafe; n. act of rubbing; Kuwi_S rājinai to launder

Notes : The final consonant (-k-, -g-, -c-) in all these forms reflects older causative / transitive / intransitive suffixes; more complicated is the question of vocalic differences between rā-g-a and rē-s-a, etc. - these indicate that we may actually be dealing with two different roots here.

Number in DED : 228