North Dravidian etymology : List with all references

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North Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-North-Dravidian : *cak-

Meaning : a slice

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : caktā, caktī

Malto : caka

Additional forms : Also KUR caktaʔānā to cut in slices; ceglā chip, splinter; MLT caka a slice; cagje to chop up (as meat).

Number in DED : 2748

ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-addition,ndret-dednum,

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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *ček-

Meaning : to scrape, splinter, chip

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *ček-

Proto-Telugu : *cekk-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ćek- (*c-?)

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ček-

Proto-North Dravidian : *cak-

Notes : See also NDR *cak- to sharpen.

dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,dravet-notes,

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South Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-South Dravidian : *ček-

Meaning : chip, splinter

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : cakkai

Tamil meaning : chips, small wooden peg

Tamil derivates : (Tinn.) cake rind of fruits

Kannada : cakke, cekke, sakke, sekke

Kannada meaning : chip

Tulu : cakke, cekkè, cekki

Tulu meaning : chip, split, splinter

Tulu derivates : ? ceppè splinter, chip, slice, paring

Proto-Nilgiri : *cek- (*s-)

Notes : Some forms with -a- may be due to Skt. śakala- 'piece'.

Number in DED : 2748

sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-notes,sdret-dednum,

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Nilgiri etymology :

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Proto-Nilgiri : *cek- (*s-)

Meaning : chip

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : cek

Number in DED : 2748

ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-dednum,

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Telugu etymology :

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Proto-Telugu : *cekk-

Meaning : to pare, cut the side or rind of, sharpen (pencil), engrave, carve; n. the rind or parings of fruit, etc.

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : cekku

Additional forms : Also cekka piece, chip, slice; cakku-cēyu to chop, cut to pieces, mince

Number in DED : 2748

telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,

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Kolami-Gadba etymology :

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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ćek- (*c-?)

Meaning : to chip; chip of wood

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : sek- (sekt-) "to make pointed (piece of wood)"

Kinwat Kolami : cekka "bark of tree"

Naikri : śekk- "to chip, scrape"

Naiki : sek- "to plough"

Parji : cekk- "to chip, scrape, plane"

Additional forms : Also Kolami_P sekka bark of tree; Kolami_Br cergu to chip off (tr.); Naikri śekka bark of tree; Parji cekka piece, slice, chip of wood

Notes : Reconstruction *ć- agrees more with external data; if so, we should eliminate Naiki sek- (cf. also the semantics).

Number in DED : 2748

kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-kol_kin,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-naiki,kogaet-parji,kogaet-addition,kogaet-notes,kogaet-dednum,

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Gondwan etymology :

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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ček-

Meaning : to cut, scrape; piece, splinter

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *ček-

Konda : sek- (-t-)

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *cek-

gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-kui,

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Gondi etymology :

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Proto-Gondi : *ček-

Meaning : piece; to cut

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Seoni Gondi : ceppa "split wood"

Koya Gondi : eke "piece, peel, rind"

Adilabad Gondi : cekka "(SR) piece"

Chanda Gondi : cekkānā "to cut"

Additional forms : Also Gondi_A cakka bark

Notes : It is unclear if Gondi_S ceppa belongs here or is a boroowing.

Number in DED : 2748

Number in CVOTGD : 1357, 1356, 329, 1360, 1274

gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_s,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-gondi_a,gonet-gondi_chd,gonet-addition,gonet-notes,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,

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Konda etymology :

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Konda : sek- (-t-)

Meaning: to plane, fashion things out of wood

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 2748

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Kui-Kuwi etymology :

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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *cek-

Meaning : to scrape; piece

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : sekali "to scrape (with a hoe)"

Kuwi (Israel) : seka "piece"

Number in DED : 2748

kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-dednum,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *čiKV ( ~ *č`-)?

Meaning: to cut, prick

Indo-European: *(s)teig-

Kartvelian: *čičk- 'dig'; *čečk- 'peck, split'

Dravidian: *cī- ?; *ček- 'scrape; splinter, chip'

Comments: Cf. *CoḳV, *čVḳV

References: ND 382 *čika 'prick, split' (IE-Kartv. čičk- -Drav. *cī-); 444 *ĉEčkV 'crush, split' (Kartv. *čečk- + Drav. *ček- + Sem.). [For Drav. *cī- cf. perhaps rather Georg. čeχ- 'chop (wood), split' - in ND 402 *čiq[U] or *čiχ[U] compared with some WChad. and Eg. forms].

nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *(s)teig-

Meaning: to be sharp; to stab

Old Indian: téjate, ptc. tiktá- `to be or become sharp'; tigmá- `sharp, pointed', téjas- n. `sharp edge, point, top; brilliance, clearness', téjana- n. `sharpening, whetting; shaft of an arrow'

Avestan: taēɣa-, taēža- `scharf', m. `Schärfe', tiɣra- `spitz', tiži- (in Zs) `spitz', tiɣri- `Pfeil'

Other Iranian: OPers tigra- `spitz'; NPers tēɣ `Spitze, Schwert', tēz `scharf', tēǯ `Pfeil'

Old Greek: stízdō, aor. stíksai̯, ps. stikhthē̂nai̯, pf. ps. éstigmai̯, va. stiktó- `stechen, tätowieren, brandmarken', stígma n. `Stich, Malzeichen, Brandmarke', stigmǟ́ f. `Mal, Fleck, Pünktchen, Kleinigkeit', stigmó-s m. `Stich, Brandmarke', stíksi-s f. `das Stechen', stígōn, -ōnos m. `Gebrandmerker', stígo-s m., -n n. `Punkt', stíktǟ-s m. `Stecher, Brandmarker'

Baltic: *stig- (*steĩg-a-) vb. intr., *stī̂g- vb. intr.; *steĩg- (-ja-) vb. tr., *staig-ā̂ f., *staĩg-u-, *staĩg-n-[a]- adj., *staĩg-in̂- vb.

Germanic: *stik-i- c., *stak-i- c., *stik-a- vb., *stak-l=, *stai-k-ia- vb., etc.

Latin: īnstīgāre `anstacheln; anspornen, anreizen, aufhetzen'; īnstinguō, -ere, -xī, -ctum `anreizen', īnstīnctus, -ūs m. `Antrieb, Eingebung', interstinguō, -ere, -xī, -ctum `hin und wieder mit etwas besetzen', distinguō, -ere, -xī, -ctum `unterscheiden, trennen'

Russ. meaning: быть острым; вонзать острие

References: WP II 612 f

Comments: Germanic has hopelessly confused the roots *stek- and *stīk-. In Baltic it is almost as hopeless to search for traces of a distinction between *steigh- 'to tread' and *steig- 'to stab, pierce'.

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Baltic etymology :

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Proto-Baltic: *stig- (*steĩg-a-) vb. intr., *stī̂g- vb. intr.; *steĩg- (-ja-) vb. tr., *staig-ā̂ f., *staĩg-u-, *staĩg-n-[a]- adj., *staĩg-in̂- vb.

Meaning: be held up, stick

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: stìgti (stiñga, stìgō) `auf einer Stelle ruhig weilend aushalten, sich ruhig verhalten, ruhig bleiben, stillhalten, -stehen', stī́gti (-gstu, -gō) '(an der Stelle) ruhig verharren, sich ruhig verhalten, ruhig bleiben, stillhalten'; steĩgti (-gia, -gē) '(be)gründen, stiften, errichten, anlegen, schaffen', staigà adv. `plötzlich, auf einmal, unerwartet', staigù- `jäh, plötzlich, steil, abschüssig, schnell aufbrausend', staĩginti 'beschleunigen, steiler machen'

Lettish: stigt (stìegu, stigu) `einschiessen, einsinken (in einen Sumpf)'; stàigs, stàigns 'morastig, quebbig, einschiessend, grundlos'

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Germanic etymology :

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Proto-Germanic: *stiki-z, *staki-z, *stikan-, *stakl=, *staikian-, etc.

Meaning: pointed stick

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: *stik-s m. (i) `point'; *stak-s m.? (i) `mark'; { stikls 'Becher, Kelch' }

Old Norse: { stikil-l 'Spitze eines Trinkhorn' }

Old English: stice `Stich, Stachel, Seitenstechen; stechendes Gefühl', stician `stechen; (intr.) stecken bleiben, festhalten'; sticel 'Stachel'; sticol 'steil, stechend'

Middle English: sticken `nähen'

English: stitch

Old Frisian: steka `steken'

Old Saxon: stekan (stak) `festheften, festhaften'; stiki; stekul 'rauh, steinig'

Middle Dutch: stēken `steken, stoten'; sticken; stēke; ; stekele 'stachlige Pflanze'

Dutch: steken; zuidnl. stekken `met een scherp voodwerp steken, prikken'; stikken; steek; stekel 'Stachel'

Middle Low German: steke `Stich, Stachel, Seitenstechen', sticken 'herrichten, Muster annähen, Pfeile schäften' { `stechen, feststecken, sticken, ansticken, anzünden, ersticken' }, stecken; stēk(e)

Old High German: stih (9.Jh.) `Stich, Punkt'; gisticken `befestigen, herrichten' (8.Jh.), { ir-sticken `ersticken' }, { steckēn `festritzen' }; steckōn (8.Jh.); stehhan (um 800) `stechen', stecken `anheften, annageln' (9.Jh.); stackila (10.Jh.), stackulla (8.Jh.); { stahhula `Stachel'; stehho `Stecken' }; stehhōn 'anstacheln, erstechen' (8.Jh.); stahhil (9.Jh.); stihhila (um 1100), stihhil 'Stachel, Spitze, Pfahl' (Hs. 12.Jh.); stehhal 'Becher' (9.Jh.); hornstehhal 'mit den Hörnern stossend' (9.Jh.)

Middle High German: stich st. m. 'Stich; Knoten, Punkt, Augenblick, abschüssige Stelle, steile Anhöhe'; md. sticken wk. 'erhabene Muster einnähen, gestalten, fälteln, mit (Zaun)pfählen versehen'; stɛcken, stɛchen wk. 'einstechend befestigen'; stecken 'eingestochen festhaften, sich befinden'; stëchen st. 'stechen; turnieren'; stachel; stichel st. m. 'Stachel', stickel st. m. 'spitzer Pfahl; Spitze, Stimulus'; stëchel, stichel, stickel 'stechend, spitzig, jäh, steil'

German: Stachel m., Stichel m., Stich m.; (wo) stecken; stechen (stach), stecken (tr.), sticken; stickel (bis ins 17.Jh.) 'steil ansteigend, hoch'

Comments: The roots *stek- and *stīk- are hopelessly confused here.

germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-oengl,germet-mengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,germet-notes,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 499

Root: er-4 (er-t-, er-u̯-)

English meaning: Earth

German meaning: `Erde'

Material: Gr. ἔρᾱ `Erde', ἔρα-ζε `zur Erde' (vielleicht davon ἐράω, s. unten S. 336; mit Zusammendehnung wohl πολύηρος πολυάρουρος, πλούσιος Hes.); ἔνεροι, s. oben S. 312; ἐρεσι-μέτρη γεωμετρίαν Hes.;

germ. *erþō in got. aírþa, anord. jǫrð, ahd. (usw.) erda `Erde';

germ. *erō in ahd. ero `Erde';

u̯o-Erw. in anord. jǫrvi (*erwan-) `Sand, Sandbank', und

cymr. erw f. `Feld', Pl. erwi, erwydd, corn. erw, ereu ds., abret. mbret. eru, nbret. ero `Furche' (*eru̯i-);

vielleicht arm. erkir `Erde' (Pedersen KZ. 38, 197), wenn für *erg- (idg. *eru̯-) nach erkin `Himmel'.

References: WP. I 142, Finzenhagen Terminol. 6, Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 424.

Pages: 332

PIE database: PIE database

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Kartvelian etymology :

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Proto-Kartvelian: *čičk-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: рыться, копаться

English meaning: to dig

Georgian: čičkn-

Megrel: čkičkon-

Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 220, EWK 437-438.

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