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Nilgiri etymology :

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Proto-Nilgiri : *t-āj
Meaning : mother (in songs)
South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology
Toda : tōy
Number in DED : 364
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-toda,ktet-dednum,

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South Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-South Dravidian : *āj
Meaning : mother; woman
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Tamil : āy, āyi, yāy, ñāy
Tamil meaning : mother
Tamil derivates : āycci, ācci mother, grandmother; āccāḷ mother; āyāḷ mother, grandmother, old woman; (yāy my mother, ñāy thy mother; Kur_unt 40); tāy mother; tāycci wet nurse, pregnant woman; tāyār mother, Lakṣmī; tāymai motherhood
Malayalam : ācci
Malayalam meaning : mother, grandmother
Malayalam derivates : tāyi mother
Kannada : āyi, tāy, tāyi, tāye
Kannada meaning : mother
Kodagu : tāyi
Kodagu meaning : grandmother
Tulu : tāyi
Tulu meaning : mother
Proto-Nilgiri : *t-āj
Number in DED : 0364
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,

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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *aj-
Meaning : mother
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-South Dravidian: *āj
Proto-Telugu : *t-āj-
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *aj
Proto-Gondi-Kui : *aj-
Proto-North Dravidian : *aj-a
Notes : The word was used with pronominal prefixes in PDR: *tāy 'his, her mother', etc. (some of these forms are innovative). The vowel was presumably long only in prefixed forms, and later was analogized in such languages as Tamil (āy 'mother').
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,dravet-notes,

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Telugu etymology :

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Proto-Telugu : *t-āj-
Meaning : mother
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Telugu : tāyi
Number in DED : 364
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-dednum,

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Kolami-Gadba etymology :

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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *aj
Meaning : mother
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Kolami : ay
Naikri : ayma "woman"
Parji : ayal (pl. aycil) "woman, wife"
Ollari Gadba : ā̆ya
Salur Gadba : āya
Additional forms : Also Naikri ayka (pl. -śikuḷ) husband's elder sister; Parji iya (pl. iyov) mother; Ollari ayal woman, wife; asmal woman; Salur ayāl wife; āsmal woman
Number in DED : 364
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-parji,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-salur,kogaet-addition,kogaet-dednum,

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Gondwan etymology :

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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *aj-
Meaning : mother, woman
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Proto-Gondi : *jāj-/*māj-/*mīj-
Konda : aya (pl. ayek)
Proto-Pengo-Manda : *aj-a/*jaj-a/*tjaj-a
Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *aj-/*jaj-
Notes : The root was heavily used with posessive prefixes. The most frequent form is *yay- 'my mother'. In some dialects this form became generalized, with the following shift of meaning: 'my mother' > 'mother in general', 'mother' > 'woman'. A new form, based on the 1st person pl. pronoun (Gondi māy-, Kuwi māya) resulted from the loss of initial y- and the secondary merger of the simple and the prefixed forms.
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,gndet-notes,

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Gondi etymology :

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Proto-Gondi : *jāj-/*māj-/*mīj-
Meaning : mother; female
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Betul Gondi : yāyāl "mother"
Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : māī "female"
Gommu Gondi : iyāl "mother"
Muria Gondi : ayal "mother"
Maria Gondi : mīyal "your mother"
Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : yāyo "mother"
Mandla Gondi : māyi "wife, woman"
Chindwara Gondi : māyo "mother"
Additional forms : Also Gondi_W maijū wife
Notes : The form *māy- means 'my mother', while *mīy- is 'your mother'
Number in DED : 364
Number in CVOTGD : 69, 180, 2796, 2854, 3007
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_w,gonet-gondi_g,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_m,gonet-gondi_mnd,gonet-gondi_ch,gonet-addition,gonet-notes,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,

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Konda etymology :

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Konda : aya (pl. ayek)
Meaning: mother
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Additional forms : Also Konda ayma woman, wife; ayli daughter, girl; yāya mother (related to 1st or 2nd person); aysi id. (related to 3rd person)
Number in DED : 364
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-addition,konet-dednum,

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Pengo-Manda etymology :

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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *aj-a/*jaj-a/*tjaj-a
Meaning : mother
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Pengo : aya, iya
Manda : aya
Additional Forms : Also Pengo aya-taṛi woman; teya female of animal; teyhi mother (related to 3rd person); Manda taya female of animal
Notes : In Manda two protoforms (*yay- originally meaning 'my mother') merged phonetically.
Number in DED : 364
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-manda,pemet-addition,pemet-notes,pemet-dednum,

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Kui-Kuwi etymology :

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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *aj-/*jaj-
Meaning : mother; woman
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Kui : aia, aiali, aja, ia, ija, ijali "mother, woman"
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : īya "mother"
Kuwi (Schulze) : īya "mother, woman"
Sunkarametta Kuwi : aya (pl. -ska) "woman"
Parja Kuwi : aya (pl. -ska) "woman"
Kuwi (Israel) : āya (pl. -ska/-sika) "woman, wife"
Additional forms : Also Kuwi_F māiya my mother, māya your mother; aiya woman; Kuwi_S māyia my, our mother, mīya your mother; Kuwi_Su iya (pl. -ska) mother; mīya your mother
Notes : The forms *aya and *yaya actually had different meanings in PK (as well as in PDR) - 'woman' and 'mother' respectively. However, in modern dialects they have been often contaminated, as in Kui. Moreover, some Kuwi dialects have inherited PDR possessive forms, or, rather, the tendency of their "possessivisation": the form māiya goes back to *mā-yaya 'us + mother', while Kuwi_F māya and Kuwi_S mīya go back to *mī-yaya 'you + mother'. The initial *y- in the form for 'mother' has to be postulated principally because of different vocalism in these two forms (cf. PK *yamb- > Kuwi_F amb-, Kuwi_S imb-). In Kuwi_F *yaya > *īya (and not *āya, which would have been regular) because of the influence of the following -y- (like *yambi > imbi because of the following -i-). In Kui the variants -i- and -j- seem to be free; the variant -j- should be the regular one, but we may suggest that the variant with -i- has been preserved for expressive reasons. As for other Kui dialects, it is hard to say whether some of them have lost one of the two forms (*aya and *yaya), having generalized the other one for both meanings, or whether they have merged phonetically, since reflexes of PK *ya- are unknown. Thus, Kuwi_Isr āya may reflect aya, having lost the form *yaya, or may represent both of them, if we suggest a development *ya- > ā- (indeed, the second explanation is preferable, since otherwise it is impossible to explain the vowel length).
Number in DED : 364
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-kuwi_p,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-addition,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,

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North Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-North-Dravidian : *aj-a
Meaning : mother
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Kurukh : ayaŋg "mother (without explicit reference to the children)"
Malto : ayya "my mother"
Additional forms : Also KUR ayō mother (iŋgyō, niŋgyō, taŋgyō my, thy [his, her, their] mother); MLT ijjo thy or your mother; teho his, her, or their mother.
Number in DED : 364
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-addition,ndret-dednum,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *ʔVjV ?
Meaning: mother
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: ? Germ. aiþī 'mother'
Uralic: Sam. *ija 'mother'
Dravidian: *aj-
References: ND 102 *ʔ[ä]yV 'mother' (suggests that this is the origin of the fem. marker *j/*i in Sem., IE and Alt.).
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-ura,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : HVJV
Meaning : mother
Eurasiatic : *ʔVjV ?
Afroasiatic : *ʔj- 'mother' (Cush., Omot.)
Sino-Caucasian : PEC *jājV 'mother, grandmother'
Austric : *ja
Amerind (misc.) : *ʔaya 'woman' (GE 1)
African (misc.) : ? Bantu *-nyàŋgú, *-nyàŋgó 'mother'.
Reference : ND 102; GE 1 (+ Khois., NC, NS, ?IP, Nahali; different SC).
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-amer,globet-afr,globet-reference,

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Austric etymology :

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Proto-Austric: *ja
Meaning: grandmother
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
Proto-Austroasiatic: *ja
Austroasiatic meaning: grandmother
Miao-Yao parallels: Yao *ja 'father's sister'
Proto-Austronesian: Atayal jajaʔ 'mother', Pazeh jah 'older sister'
Proto-Thai: ja:j.A grandmother (from mother's side); ja:.B grandmother; *ja 'mother, grandmother'
References: GE 1 (with more data)
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-myao,austr-an,austr-tai,austr-bibl,

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Austro-Asiatic etymology :

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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *ja
Meaning: grandmother
Austric etymology: Austric etymology
Thai: ja:j.A grandmother (from mother's side);ja:.B grandmother
Proto-Katuic: *jaʔ
Proto-Bahnaric: *jaʔ
Khmer: ja:j < OK ja:
Proto-Vietic: RUCL ja.1
Proto-Monic: M ja:j T?
Proto-Palaungic: *jVʔ
Proto-Khmu: *jaʔ
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-thai,aaet-kat,aaet-bah,aaet-kmr,aaet-vim,aaet-mon,aaet-pawa,aaet-kmu,

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Katuic etymology :

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Proto-Katuic: *jaʔ
Meaning: old woman
Presyllable: #/ʔǝ-
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Proto-West Katuic: *jaʔ
Proto-East Katuic: NGE jaʔ
Notes: may be borrowed from a Tai source
katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-wkat,katet-ekat,katet-notes,

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West Katuic etymology :

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Proto-West Katuic: *jaʔ
Meaning: old woman
Presyllable: #/ʔǝ-
Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology
Bru Van Keu: jaʔ.L
Bru Van Keu meaning: old woman
Bru: ʔǝjaʔ.B
Bru meaning: a title for woman
wkatet-meaning,wkatet-wpre,wkatet-prnum,wkatet-vkv,wkatet-vkvme,wkatet-bru,wkatet-brume,

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Bahnar etymology :

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Proto-Bahnaric: *jaʔ
Meaning: grandparent
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Bahnar: jaʔ
Bahnar meaning: grandmother
Proto-North Bahnaric: *jaʔ.T
Proto-West Bahnaric: *jaʔ, ʔǝ-/#
Proto-Northwest-Bahnaric: *ja / *jaʔ
Harak: ja:ʔ, jaʔ T?
References: PNB-310, JS-139, TB7.44
banet-meaning,banet-prnum,banet-bah,banet-bahme,banet-nob,banet-web,banet-nwb,banet-har,banet-refer,

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North Bahnaric etymology :

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Proto-North-Bahnaric: *jaʔ.T
Meaning: grandmother
Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology
Rengao form: jaʔ.T
Rengao meaning: grandmother
Jeh form: jaʔ.T
Jeh meaning: grandmother
Sedang form: ja.L
Sedang meaning: grandmother
Hre form: jaʔ.T
Hre meaning: grandmother
References: PNB-310
nobet-meaning,nobet-prnum,nobet-ren,nobet-renme,nobet-jeh,nobet-jehme,nobet-sed,nobet-sedme,nobet-hre,nobet-hreme,nobet-refer,

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West Bahnaric etymology :

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Proto-West- Bahnaric: *jaʔ, ʔǝ-/#
Meaning: grandparent
Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology
Jaru form: ʔjaʔ ʔjɔ:
Jaru meaning: male ancestors; ʔjaʔ ʔjie female ancestors
Nhaheung form: jaʔ jɔ
Nhaheung meaning: grandfather; jaʔ jie grandmother
Brao form: jaʔ
Brao meaning: grandparent
References: JS-139
webet-meaning,webet-prnum,webet-jr,webet-jrme,webet-nha,webet-nhame,webet-brao,webet-brame,webet-refer,

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North-West Bahnaric etymology :

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Proto-North-West- Bahnaric: *ja / *jaʔ
Meaning: grandmother
Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology
Tariang: ja:
Kaseng: ja:
Yaeh: ja:
nwbet-meaning,nwbet-prnum,nwbet-tr,nwbet-ks,nwbet-yh,

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Harak etymology :

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Proto-Harak: *ja / *jaʔ
Meaning: grandmother
Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology
Harak: ja:ʔ, jaʔ T?
haret-meaning,haret-prnum,haret-hr,

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Khmer etymology :

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Khmer: ja:j
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Old Khmer: ja:
Old Khmer Meaning: grandmother
References: P384
kmret-prnum,kmret-okh,kmret-okmean,kmret-ref,

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Viet-Muong etymology :

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Proto-Viet-Muong:
Meaning: paternal grandfather
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Arem: ʔujæ: pìǝʔ
Proto-Ruc: *ja.1
Ruc (Russian field rec.): ja:.1 paternal grandmother
Ruc (Lo'i's rec.): ja:.1
Ruc (Ferlus' rec.): ja:.1
Ruc meaning: paternal grandfather
References: NTF30, NVL135
vimet-meaning,vimet-prnum,vimet-arem,vimet-prru,vimet-rucr,vimet-rucl,vimet-rntf,vimet-rucme,vimet-bib,

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Palaung-Wa etymology :

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Proto-Palaung-Wa:
Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology
Proto-Wa: *jVʔ
Proto-Plang: *jaʔ
Proto-De'ang: *ja:
Riang: jâʔ.2
Riang meaning: wife, grandmother
Proto-Angku: *jaʔ
Lamet: ja:ʔ.2 father's mother
Danaw: jaʔ.1 father's mother
pawaet-prnum,pawaet-prwa,pawaet-prpl,pawaet-prde,pawaet-riang,pawaet-rimeam,pawaet-pran,pawaet-lamet,pawaet-danaw,

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Wa etymology :

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Proto-Wa:
Meaning: father's mother
Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology
Paraok: jiɛʔ.B
Paraok meaning: father's mother
Ava: jaʔ
Lawa: jeʔ, jɨǝʔ
Lawa meaning: father's mother
Um: jɨa F??
Wa (dial.): jaʔ.2
Wa (dial.) meaning: father's mother
References: D-112: *jaʔ
prwaet-meaning,prwaet-prnum,prwaet-praok,prwaet-praokme,prwaet-mas,prwaet-lawa,prwaet-lawame,prwaet-um,prwaet-gs,prwaet-gsme,prwaet-bib,

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Plang etymology :

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Proto-Plang: *jaʔ
Meaning: father's mother
Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology
Bulang: jaʔ.2
Bulang meaning: father's mother
Konto: jaʔ.1, ʔa- T??
Konto meaning: father's mother
Samtao (Paulsen): jaʔ, ʔa-
Samtao (Paulsen) meaning: father's mother
Samtao (Diffloth): jaʔ.2
Samtao (Diffloth) meaning: father's mother
References: P-190: *jaʔ.2
prplet-meaning,prplet-prnum,prplet-mane,prplet-manme,prplet-kont,prplet-kontme,prplet-sap,prplet-sapme,prplet-sad,prplet-sadme,prplet-bib,

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De'ang etymology :

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Proto-De'ang: *ja:
Meaning: father's mother
Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology
De'ang: jia:
De'ang-1: ja:
prdeet-meaning,prdeet-prnum,prdeet-dea,prdeet-dea1,

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Angku etymology :

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Proto-Angku: *jaʔ
Meaning: father's mother
Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology
Pangpin: jaʔ.55
Gantang: ja.55
U: ńa.3 < *ńa: ???
References: WW-321; S-108
pranet-meaning,pranet-prnum,pranet-phu,pranet-ph2,pranet-u,pranet-bib,

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