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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *kaj-
Meaning : to be bitter
Kota : kac- (kac-)
Toda : koy- (koc-)
Additional forms : Also Kota kac vāy mouth when it has bitter taste from beer, etc.
Notes : Kota kac- is irregular; final *-j- of the root is in most cases preserved in this language. Influence of the past stem?
Number in DED : 1249
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *kas-
Meaning : bitter
Tamil : kaya (-pp-, -nt-)
Tamil meaning : to be bitter; abhor, loathe, detest
Tamil derivates : kai (-pp-, -tt-) to be bitter, astringent, unpleasant; dislike, be angry with, hate; kayappu, kacappu, kaccal bitterness; kaippu bitterness, dislike, aversion; kayar, kacar astringency, astringent manner; kaca (-pp-, -nt-) to taste bitter, be embittered, disgusted; kacaṭṭai astringency, as of an unripe fruit
Malayalam : kaikka, kaśakka
Malayalam meaning : to be bitter, be disliked
Malayalam derivates : kaippu bitterness, grudge, disrelish, disagreeable, sourish; kappu id., bile; kaśakaśa imit. sound of sour astringent tastes
Kannada : kay, kaṃyi, kayi, kayyi, kaypu, kaype
Kannada meaning : bitterness
Kannada derivates : kasar to scratch the throat, be astringent; kasa, kasaku, kasaru, kasi, kasu, kasuru astringency, unripeness; (Hav.) kayku to be bitter; kaykaṭe, kayke bitter
Kodagu : kay- (kayp-, kayc-)
Kodagu meaning : to be bitter
Kodagu derivates : kaype gall-bladder
Tulu : kaipè, kayipe, kaipelụ
Tulu meaning : bitterness; bitter, envious
Tulu derivates : kasa brackish; kaskāyi half-ripe
Miscellaneous : KOR (M) kãy, (T) kayye bitter
Number in DED : 1249
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-misc,sdret-dednum,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *kas-
Meaning : bitter
Proto-South Dravidian: *kas- Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kē- Proto-North Dravidian : *qas- dravet-meaning,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *kas-/*cē-
Meaning : raw, unripe (kasũgāya unripe fruit)
Telugu : kasu
Additional forms : Also kasuru unripe fruit; cē̃du (cē̃ti-) bitterness; bitter
Number in DED : 1249
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kē-
Meaning : bitter
Kolami : sēnd
Parji : kēp- (kēt-) "to be sour or bitter"
Salur Gadba : kēmbur, keymbur
Additional forms : Also Parji (S) kay-gaṭṭa bile
Notes : Kolami sēnd probably borrowed from Telugu.
Number in DED : 1249
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-parji,kogaet-salur,kogaet-addition,kogaet-notes,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kai-
Meaning : to be bitter
Notes : The root had a PGn derivative *kay-mul 'bitter', whereas PK kambli, Manda kembel, etc.
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,gndet-notes,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *kaj-
Meaning : bitter
Betul Gondi : kaiṭṭānā, (Gramm. kaittānā) "to taste bitter, as quinine"
Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : kaiyānā "to be bitter"
Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : kaiyānā "to be bitter"
Muria Gondi : kay- "to be bitter"
Maria Gondi : kaymul
Seoni Gondi : kaymul
Koya Gondi : kay- "to be bitter"
Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : kaitā
Maria Gondi (Lind) : kahita, kelā
Chindwara Gondi : kay- "to be bitter"
Adilabad Gondi : kaiyānā "(SR) to be bitter"
Additional forms : Also Gondi_W, Gondi_Ph kaitāl bitter; Gondi_Tr kehke bitter; Gondi_Mu kayle bitter; kaymul burka bitter gourd; Gondi_Ko kaymul bitter; Gondi_L kayār raw, unripe; Gondi_Ko kay-kaṭ bile; Gondi_A (Su.) kaymūl bitterness
Number in DED : 1249
Number in CVOTGD : 520, 521, 523
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_w,gonet-gondi_ph,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_s,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-gondi_m,gonet-gondi_l,gonet-gondi_ch,gonet-gondi_a,gonet-addition,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Pengo-Manda etymology :
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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ke-
Meaning : bitter
Pengo : ke- (-t-) "to be bitter"
Manda : kembel
Number in DED : 1249
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-manda,pemet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *ka-mbli, *kac-
Meaning : bitter
Khuttia Kui : kappeli
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : kombelli
Kuwi (Schulze) : kambeli
Sunkarametta Kuwi : kambeli
Additional forms : Also Kui_W kasi a young undeveloped pumpkin; Kuwi_F kassa sour.
Notes : Kuttia -pp- is absolutely irregular. The only possible explanation would be to assume the secondarity of -e- in all dialects and then *kambli > kambeli in most of them and *kambli > *kappli > kappeli in Kuttia.
Number in DED : 1249
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kuttia,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-addition,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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North Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-North-Dravidian : *qas-
Meaning : to become bitterish, insipid or vapid
Malto : qase
Number in DED : 1249
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-mlt,ndret-dednum,
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