Kolami-Gadba etymology : List with all references

Proto-Dravidian : *áḍḍa- ~ *aḍái-

Meaning : to hinder; obstacle

Proto-South Dravidian: *aḍḍa- ~ *aḍai-

Proto-Telugu : *aḍḍ-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *aḍḍam (?)

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *aḍ- (*-ḍḍ-?)

Proto-North Dravidian : *aṛ-

Brahui : aḍ

Notes : The best evidence for the inlaut voiced geminate comes from South Dravidian languages (Kannada, Kodagu, and Tulu; in the Nilgiris gemination was lost due to the geminate finding itself in the absolute auslaut position after the syncopation of the last syllable) and Telugu. As for Central Dravidian forms, many of them may actually reflect old re-borrowings from Telugu, due to both the irregular -m in the auslaut and the scarceness of the forms (in many languages, only *aḍḍa-m "obstacle" is attested without the corresponding verbal stems). However, Konda aṛk and aḍi- are probably original. So are the NDR forms. Cf. also cases like PDR *mok- ~ *mogám "face" in which the original *-m is almost certainly preserved in Central Dravidian languages. // Present in 6/6 branches.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *aḍḍa- ~ *aḍai-

Meaning : to shut, close; to obstruct

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : aṭai (-pp-, -tt-)

Tamil meaning : to shut, close, obstruct, block (as a passage), stop up, put in, pack, lock, fasten, imprison, conceal; to be obstructed (as the ear, throat)

Tamil derivates : aṭaiccu (aṭaicci-) to shut, close; aṭaippu shutting, closing, fence, obstruction, plug; aṭṭam opposition, cross direction, enmity, rivalry; aṭṭi hindrance, obstacle, delay; aṭṭaŋ-kāl, aṭṭaṇaŋ-kāl, aṭṭaṇai-kkāl folded legs in sitting cross-legged

Malayalam : aṭa

Malayalam meaning : a lock

Malayalam derivates : aṭayuka to be shut, shut up, be enclosed; aṭavu stoppage, block, obstruction; aṭekka to shut, obstruct, block up, lock; to be shut, rendered impervious; aṭeppu, aṭappu obstruction, whatever covers or closes a hole, stopper; aṭappam, aṭappan a stopper, cork; aṭeppikka to cause to lock or shut; aṭṭam what is across, transverse, thwarting

Kannada : aḍe

Kannada meaning : to be enclosed, barred, shut up, choked; to shut, lock, obstruct, close up, enclose, confine, imprison, stop the passage

Kannada derivates : aḍavu an impediment, anything to obstruct; aḍa, aḍḍa, aḍḍā, aḍḍe state of being across, transverse, or in the way, state of being broadwise or horizontal, crosswise; obstructing, an obstruction; state of being contrary or perverse; aḍḍane, aḍane across, transversely; aḍḍayisu, aḍḍagisu, aḍḍaysu, aḍḍavisu to move obliquely or obstructingly, make opposition, obstruct, impede, intervene, conceal; aḍḍayisuha obstruction, opposition; aḍḍaysuha going transversely, concealment; aḍḍal crossing, obstructing, obstacle, across, sideways; aḍḍi an obstacle, opposition, delay; aḍḍana, aḍḍaṇa a shield; āṭaŋka, ātaŋka obstruction, obstacle, restraint

Kodagu : aḍe- (aḍev-, aḍand-)

Kodagu meaning : (gap) is stopped

Kodagu derivates : aḍa- (aḍap-, aḍat-) to stop (gap, hole); aḍḍa crosswise; aḍḍa būḷ- to prostrate oneself (lit. fall horizontal)

Tulu : aḍepuni, aḍevuni, aḍeŋguni

Tulu meaning : to shut, close

Tulu derivates : aḍepu act of shutting, clossing, finishing; aḍakụ, aḍaka, aḍēke, aṭaka, aṭakāvu obstacle, hindrance; aḍḍa id., horizontal, intervening; across, athwart; rafter; aḍḍakaṭṭè a dam; aḍḍakāru the bent knee; aḍḍa boruni to prostrate, bow down; aḍḍa kaṭṭuni to dam up, shut in, hinder, prevent, screen; aḍḍi obstacle, opposition; aḍḍaṇa, aḍḍaṇè, aḍana a shield; āṭaŋkụ, āṭaŋka hindrance, obstacle

Proto-Nilgiri : *aḍ[ḍ]-

Number in DED : 0083

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *aḍ[ḍ]-

Meaning : to block; to shut

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : aṛv- (aṛd-) "to become blocked by an obstacle, (throat) becomes choked with tears"

Toda : aṛf- (aṛt-) "to shut"

Additional forms : Also Kota aṛv- (aṛt-) (door) shuts; to shut (door, hole), shut up (cattle); aḍ oblique, slanting, at right angles, crosswise; aḍ aḍ at full length, at right angles; aḍ voṛt rising or setting sun; aḍ mug- to bow to ground before god or godlike person; aḍ gaṭ- to obstruct, stop; Toda mɨṛk aṛf- to spoil one's voice by shouting (lit. choke to the neck); oḍ crosswise, obstructing, prostrate, contour line round a hill; oḍ oḍ foṭ- to obstruct (lit. lie crosswise); oḍ fɨḍɵ- to prostrate oneself (lit. fall horizontal); oḍ xoṭ- to obstruct; oḍty limit beyond which one must not go; oḍɵ awkward, ugly

Number in DED : 83

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *aḍḍ-

Meaning : to become obstructed or choked, be stopped, choke

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : aḍucu-konu

Additional forms : Also aḍḍamu obstacle, hindrance, opposition, a screen, that which hides or separates; adj. cross, which is crosswise; [1] aḍḍa-kaṭṭu, [2] aḍḍagincu, [3] aḍḍa-paḍu, [4] aḍḍu to hinder, obstruct; [1] aḍḍakar_r_a, [2] aḍḍaŋki, [3] aḍḍugur_r_a hindrance, obstruction; aḍḍakaṭṭa a dam or bank, embankment; aḍḍamugā crosswise, transversely; aḍḍu a screen, anything that affords concealment; aḍḍanamu a shield; aḍḍi hindrance, obstruction, delay; āṭaŋkamu prevention, obstacle, hindrance, obstruction, resistance, an objection, a difficulty

Number in DED : 83

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *aḍ- (*-ḍḍ-?)

Meaning : to conceal; obstacle

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *aḍ-ām

Konda : aḍi- (-t-)

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *aḍ-g-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *aḍḍ- (?)

Notes : The Kui-Kuwi forms are probably borrowed from Telugu, because geminated -ḍḍ- is not usually reconstructed for PGn.

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *aḍ-ām

Meaning : obstacle; shelter

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : addām "shelter"

Maria Gondi : aḍam "obstruction"

Seoni Gondi : aḍḍam "obstacle"

Chindwara Gondi : aḍḍam "obstruction; veil"

Adilabad Gondi : aḍḍām "(SR) shelter"

Number in DED : 83

Number in CVOTGD : 34

Konda etymology :

Konda : aḍi- (-t-)

Meaning: to stop, intercept

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Additional forms : Also Konda aḍam across; aḍe biḍe all over (lit. crosswise); disorganizedly

Number in DED : 83

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *aḍ-g-

Meaning : in the way, intervening, obstructing

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : aḍgel

Number in DED : 83

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *aḍḍ- (?)

Meaning : to obstruct; screen, interception

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : aḍa "a screen, an intervening or intercepting object (said to be < Oraon)"

Kuwi (Schulze) : aḍḍe ānai "to resist"

Sunkarametta Kuwi : addu ānai "to obviate"

Additional forms : Also Kui ḍākoli a hide shield; Kuwi_S addunga across (in measuring); aḍḍe ānai to resist

Notes : Kui ḍākoli is very hard to compare with Kuwi forms, for in this case we should suppose a separate Kui reduction. Much more probable is that it is derived from Kui ḍāki shell (of tortoise, etc.), cf. DED 2989. The root itself displays an extremely rare case of PK (and probably PDR, cf. the dictionary) voiced geminate; in fact, it is so rare it is not excluded that the root itself was borrowed from Telugu.

Number in DED : 83