Change viewing parameters
Select another database

Gondi etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Gondi : *keL-
Meaning : to tell
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Koya Gondi : kel-, (Su.) kell-
Number in DED : 2017
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-dednum,

Search within this database


Gondwan etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kēḷe-
Meaning : to say; to crow
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Proto-Gondi : *keL-
Konda : kēṛ- (-it-)
Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kṛe-
Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kḷä-/*keḷ-
Notes : Bisyllabic root with first long vowel.
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,gndet-notes,

Search within this database


Konda etymology :

Search within this database
Konda : kēṛ- (-it-)
Meaning: (cock) to crow (BB)
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Number in DED : 2017
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,

Search within this database


Pengo-Manda etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kṛe-
Meaning : to crow
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Pengo : kṛe- (-t-)
Number in DED : 2017
pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-dednum,

Search within this database


Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kḷä-/*keḷ-
Meaning : to crow
Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology
Kui : klāpa (klāt-) "to crow, coo, lament; n. call of a male bird, lament"
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : krēcali (krēt-; r = ṛ)
Sunkarametta Kuwi : kṛe-/kṛen- (kṛent-)
Additional forms : Also Kui kelpa (kelpi-) to invoke, petition a deity, repeat incantations; n. incantation, invocation; klēga (klēgi-), kleha (klehi-), kēpa (kēpi-) to bewitch, enchant, exert magical powers; n. sorcery, witchcraft
Number in DED : 2017
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-addition,kuiet-dednum,

Search within this database


Dravidian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Dravidian : *kejḷ-
Meaning : 1 to say; to be understood 2 to hear
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Proto-South Dravidian: *kēḷ-
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kejl-
Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kēḷe-
Notes : Actually, only Naikri kayil points to an older cluster (or diphthong?); if it is dialectal or erroneous, the root has to be reconstructed simply as *kēḷ-. On the other hand, if the form is indeed derived from PDR *kev- 'ear', the Naikri form may be archaic, representing an important intermediate state (*kev-ḷ- > *kej-ḷ- > *kēḷ-).
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-notes,

Search within this database


South Dravidian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-South Dravidian : *kēḷ-
Meaning : to hear
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Tamil : kēḷ (kēṭp-, kēṭṭ-)
Tamil meaning : to hear, listen, learn, ask, inquire, question, investigate, require, request, be informed of, obey; be heard (as a call), reach (as a sound)
Tamil derivates : kēḷā to no purpose, vainly; kēḷvi, kēṭpu hearing, question, learning, sound, word, rumour, ear
Malayalam : kēḷkka
Malayalam meaning : to hear, perceive, listen to, obey, ask
Malayalam derivates : kēḷpikka to cause to hear; kēḷvi, kēḷi hearing, obeying, report
Kannada : kēḷ (kēḷd-), kēḷu (kēḷi-)
Kannada meaning : to hear, listen to, heed, ask, beg, demand
Kannada derivates : kēḷisu to cause to hear, cause to ask, cause oneself to be heard, cause to be heard, sound or play on, be heard, hear, sound; kēḷike, kēḷuvike, kēḷvike, kēḷuha hearing, hearsay, asking
Kodagu : kē̈ḷ- (kē̈p-, kē̈ṭ-)
Kodagu meaning : to hear, ask
Kodagu derivates : kē̈ṭa- (kē̈ṭaṇḍ-) to take from another (i. e. ask for and take); kē̈ḷi fame, renown (in songs)
Tulu : kēṇuni
Tulu meaning : to hear, be attentive to, obey, ask, inquire, request
Proto-Nilgiri : *kēḷ-
Number in DED : 2017
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,

Search within this database


Nilgiri etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Nilgiri : *kēḷ-
Meaning : to hear
South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology
Kota : kēḷ- (kēṭ-) "to hear, (noise) is heard"
Toda : kēɫ̣- (kēṭ-)
Additional forms : Also Kota kēḷyv question, words, speech; Toda kēɫ̣f news, word; kēos_y not listening (in songs; < Badaga)
Number in DED : 2017
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,

Search within this database


Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kejl-
Meaning : to be understood
Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology
Kolami : kel- (kelt-)
Naikri : kayil-, keyil-, kēl
Additional forms : Also Kolami kelip- (kelit-) to make to be understood
Number in DED : 2017
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-addition,kogaet-dednum,

Search within this database


Nostratic etymology :

Search within this database
Eurasiatic: *ḳiwlV
Meaning: hear, ear
Borean: Borean
Indo-European: *k'leu̯-
Altaic: *k`ū̀jlu ( ~ -o)
Uralic: *kule
Kartvelian: *q̇ur-
Dravidian: *kejḷ- (also *kev- 'ear' 531)
Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *quɫi- 'voice, song'
Comments: [But for Kartv. cf. also PU *kowra; PD *kur_ 'ear, ear-ring' 1823, see ND 1939 *q̇uR(w)V; for CK, NY cf. *Ḳä[lH]ä].
References: МССНЯ 366; ND 1036 *Ḳe[h]ul(y)E 'hear'. Drav. *kev- is attributed in ND 1229 to *Ḳ[aʔe]wV 'to hear, notice' - but that root hardly exists; see *ḲVwV 'shout, sound'.
nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-drav,nostret-chuk,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,

Search within this database


Indo-European etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-IE: *k'lewe-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning: to hear
Tokharian: A, B käln- 'resound', B klene 'noise, sound' (PT *klän- < *klu-n-) (Adams 171); A, B klāw- 'be called; announce' (PT *klāw- < *ḱlōwā-) (222);A klots, B klautso (PT *kleutsā(i̯ä)n-) 'ear' (Adams 230); A klyom, B klyomo (PT *klyomo) 'noble' (231); A klyos-, B klyaus- (PT *klyeus-) 'hear, listen' (232)
Old Indian: śrṇóti `to hear', ptc. śrutá-; śrúti- f. `hearing, listening'; śrótra- n. `ear'; śrómata- n. `renown, fame'; śrávas- n. `sound, shout, glory'
Avestan: surunaoiti `hört, steht im Rufe, Heisst', ptc. srūta-, sruta- `gehört, berümt', srūti-, sruti- `das zu Gehörbringen, Vortrag'; sraoɵra- n. `das Singen', sraota- n. `das Hören'; sraōman- n. `Gehör'; sravah- n. `Wort'
Armenian: lu `kund'; lurr `schweigend'
Old Greek: kléō `rühmen, nennen', kléomai̯ `gerühmt, genannt werden', klẹ̄tó- `berühmt', klǘō, aor. éklüon, ipv. klǖ̂thi, -te, kéklüthi, -te, pf. kéklüke, ptc. klǘmeno-, va. klütó- `vernehmen, Kunde bekommen, hören, gehorchen; in Rufe stehen'; kléos n. `Ruhm'
Slavic: *slūtī́, *slovǭ; *slā́vā; *slovo, -ese; *slūxъ, *slъxъ; *slūxātī, *slūšātī; *slɨ̄šātī
Baltic: *člaw-iā̃ f., *člā̃w-iā̃ f.; *klaû-s- vb. tr., *klau-s-ā̂ f., *klaũ-s-ī̂- vb., *klaũ-s-iā̃ f., *klus- vb. intr., *klu-s-a- adj.
Germanic: *xliu-m-an- m., *xlíu-ɵ-a- n., *xlū-d-á- adj.; *xliu-m-a- m., -an- m.; *xlu-z-á- n.; *xlú-s-ē- vb.; *xlu-st-i- c.; *xlū-str-an- m., etc.
Latin: clueō, -ēre; cluō, -ere `genannt werden, heissen'; inclutus, -a `berühmt', praecluis `sehr berühmt'
Celtic: OIr ro-clui-nethar `hört', pf. ro-chuala `audivi'; conj. ro-cloor `ich höre', ro-closs `wurde gehört'; clū `Ruhm'; cloth n. `Ruhm'; cluas `Ohr'; OCymr clod `laus'; clywed `auditus, audire', cigleu `audivi'; MCymr clywaf `ich höre'; Cymr clūst `Gehör'; Corn clewaf `ich höre'; Bret clevout `hören'
Albanian: ḱuhem `heisse', ḱuań `nenne'
Russ. meaning: слышать
References: WP I 494 f
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-arm,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-celt,piet-alb,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

Search within this database


Vasmer's dictionary :

Search within this database
Word: слыть,
Near etymology: слыву́ (начиная с ХVI в.; см. Соболевский, Лекции 249), стар. слову́ -- то же, укр. сли́ти, блр. слыць, др.-русск. слути, слову, ст.-слав. слоути, словѫ "зваться" (Супр.), словен. slúti, slóvem, slȗjem "славиться, звучать", др.-чеш. slúti, slovu, чеш. slouti, sluji "слыть, называться", слвц. slut᾽, slujem, также чеш. slynouti "слыть", польск. sɫynąć.
Further etymology: Родственно лтш. sluv, sluvêja, sluvêt "слыть", slūt, 3 л. прош. вр. sluvа "распространяться, становиться известным", sludinât, sludinu "объявлять", др.-инд. c̨rutás "слышанный, знаменитый", c̨rútiṣ ж. "слух, ухо, слушание", авест. srū̆ti- "сообщение", srū̆ta- "слышанный", греч. κλέω, κλέομαι "славлю, восхваляю", κλῦθι "слушай", κλῦτε "слушайте", κλυτός "славный", др.-инд. c̨rudhí "слушай", c̨ṛṇṓti "слышит", лат. сluеō, -ērе "зваться", inclutus "знаменитый", ирл. clunim "слышу", д.-в.-н. hlût "громкий", арм. lu "известный", lur "слушание, весть, известие" (*ḱluto- или *ḱluti-); см. Траутман, ВSW 307; Педерсен, Kelt. Gr. 2, 495; М.--Э. 3, 942 и сл.; Хюбшман 453; Торп 112; Уленбек, Aind. Wb. 315 и сл.; 320; Гофман, Gr. Wb. 147; Вальде--Гофм. I, 237 и сл. Далее связано со сло́во, сла́ва.
Pages: 3,680
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,

Search within this database


Baltic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Baltic: *člaw-iā̃ f., *člā̃w-iā̃ f.; *klaû-s- vb. tr., *klau-s-ā̂ f., *klaũ-s-ī̂- vb., *klaũ-s-iā̃ f., *klus- vb. intr., *klu-s-a- adj.
Meaning: hear, listen, be said
Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology
Old Lithuanian: paklusu- 'gehorsam'
Lithuanian: šlōvē̃ `Ehre, Ruhm, Herrlichkeit, Pracht', dial.(žem., nordlit.) šlōvē, ostlit. slãvē; šlōvinti 'lobinti, preisent, segnen rühmen' || klausī́ti `an-, zuhören, horchen, lauschen, gehorchen', kláusti (kláusia) 'fragen', klausù- 'gehorsam, folgsam'; klausà 'Gehör, Gehorsam'; (pa)klusnù-, paklùsna- 'dass.', klùsti (klų̃sta/klų̃sa, klùsō) 'auf einen hören, einem gehörchen', klùsa- 'etwas taub, schlecht hörend';
Lettish: klàusît, klaũsīt (-u, -ĩju) 'hinhorchen; auf etw. hören, gehorchen', klàust (-šu, -su) 'fragen'; pl. klàušas, klaũš a, klàuši, klaũši 'Gehorch, Frondienste'; kluss 'still; ruhig, friedlich; still, heimlich, unbemerkt', klust (klustu, klusu) 'still werden, schweigen'
Old Prussian: klausīton 'erhören', poklusman, poklusmingi 'gehorsam, untertan', acc. pl. poklusminings 'Untertanen', poklusmingiskan 'gehorsammlich'; klausīwings, -ks 'Beichtvater, Beichtiger', klausīweniki(n) 'Beichtiger'
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-olith,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,

Search within this database


Germanic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Germanic: *xliumēn, *xlíuɵa-n, *xlūdá-; *xliuma-z, -ēn; *xluzá-n; *xlúsēn- vb.; *xlusti-z; *xlūstrēn etc.
Meaning: hearing, noise
IE etymology: IE etymology
Gothic: hliuɵ n. (~ hliuɵ-s m.) ?; hliuma m. (n) `hearing', pl. `ears'
Old Norse: hljōδ-r `leise, still'; hljōδ n. `Gehör, Schweigen; Laut, Ton; Horn'; *hlēδ-r, sup. hlez `berühmt'; hljōm-r m. `starker Laut'; hlör, hler n. `das Horchen, Lauschen', hlöra wk. `lauschen'; hlust f. `Gehör; Ohr' (poet.)
Norwegian: ljod sbs.; ljom `Lärm'; lera vb.
Old Swedish: liudher adj.
Swedish: ljud sbs.
Old Danish: Run. hlewagastiR PN
Danish: lüd sbs.
Old English: hlēoɵor `Ton, Melodie'; hlūd `laut'; hlǖd `geluid, toon'; hlosnian; hlyst m., f. `Gehör'; hlystan `aufhorchen, zuhören'; hlosnian
English: loud; listen
Old Frisian: hlūd; liūd `geruis, toon'; hlest `aandacht, stilte'
Old Saxon: hlūd `laut'; hlust f. `Gehör, Ohr, Hören, Lauschen'
Middle Dutch: luut `luid, luidruchtig'; luut m., n.; luusteren; lust `aandacht, stilte'
Dutch: luid; luisteren
Middle Low German: lūt; lūt m., n.; lūsteren
Old High German: (h)liodar n. `Ton, Schall'; (h)liumunt `Leumund' (8.Jh.); (h)lūt `vernehmlich, dröhnend, schallend, bekannt' (8.Jh.); (h)lūta f. `Ton, Geräusch, Stimme' (10.Jh.), (h)lūtī f. `Lautstärke' (8.Jh.); (h)losēn `zuhören, gehorchen' (um 800); (h)lūstrēn `zuhören, horchen'
Middle High German: liumunt, liument, liumt, liunt; liumde, liunde st./wk. m. 'ruf, ruhm'; lūt `helltönend, laut; hell für das Auge, klar, deutlich'; lūt st. m. 'laut, ton, stimme, schrei'; lus(e)men, lusenen, lüsenen wk. 'horchen, lauschen', lūschen wk. 'lauschen'; losen wk. `hörend, acht geben, zuhören, horchen'
German: Leumund m.; laut; Laut m.; lauschen (подслушивать); bair., alem. losen `zuhören, horchen'; schwab.-bair. laustern `zuhören, horchen'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-engl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,

Search within this database


Pokorny's dictionary :

Search within this database
Number: 981
Root: k̂leu-1, k̂leu̯ǝ- : k̂lū-
English meaning: to hear
German meaning: `hören' (aoristisch), auch `wovon man viel hört, berühmt, Ruhm'
General comments: (Erweiterung einer Wurzel k̂el-);
Derivatives: k̂leu̯-os- n. `Lob, Ruhm', k̂leu-to-m n. `das Hören', k̂lu-ti- f. ds., k̂lu-to-s `berühmt', k̂leu-men- n. `Gehör', k̂leu-tro-m n. `Gesang, Ton', k̂leu-mn̥-to-m n. `guter Ruf'; k̂leu-so-s m. `Gehör', k̂lu-s-ti- f. `das Hören'.
Material: 1. Ai. śr̥ṇṓti (*k̂l̥-neu-) `hört', śrudhí `höre' (= *κλύθι), Partiz. śrutá- (= κλυτός, lat. inclutus, ir. cloth n., ahd. Hlot-, arm. lu) usw., śraváyati `läßt hören', śrūyate `wird gehört', śrúti- `das Hören';

    av. surunaoiti (*k̂lu-n-) `hört, steht im Rufe, heißt' usw., Partiz. srūta- `gehört, berühmt', srū̆ti- `das zu Gehörbringen, Vortrag';

    ai. śrōtra- n. `Ohr', av. sraoɵra- n. `das Singen' (= ags. hlēoðor, ahd. hliodar), av. sraota- n. `das Hören' (vgl. serb. slútiti), av. sraōman- n. `Gehör' (: got. hliuma), ai. śrṓmata- n. `guter Ruf' (= ahd. hliumunt);

    arm. lu `kund' (= κλυτός usw.), lur `Kunde, Gerücht, Nachricht', lsem, Aor. luaj `höre, hörte' (*k̂lu-k̂e-); das -s- des Präsens ist am wahrscheinlichsten -sk̂o-);

    gr. κλέ()ω, -ομαι, ep. κλείω `rühme' sind sekundär; ἔκλυον `hörte' (= ai. śruvam), κλυ̃θι, κέκλυθι `höre!', κλυτός `berühmt', κλειτός `berühmt' (*κλεετος, wie γενετή, lat. genitus), κληίζω `rühme; rufe, nenne' (*κλέε[σ]-ίζω vom es-St.), κλεηδών, κληδών, -όνος (*κλε-ηδών) `Ruf', usw.;

    lat. clueō, -ēre (später auch cluō, -ĕre) `genannt werden, heißen' (ē-Verbum mit der Schwundstufe k̂lu-), cluvior (Gl.) `nobilior', inclutus `berühmt' (über lat. aus-cultō s. unter k̂el-2 `neigen'), osk.-umbr. nur in Namen (Kluvatiis `Clovatius', umbr. Kluviier `Cluvii' u. dgl.);

    air. cloth n. `Ruhm' (= ai. śruta-), cymr. clod `laus';

    cymr. clywed `auditus, audire', mcymr. clywaf, corn. clewaf `ich höre'; bret. clevout `hören', air. ro-clui-nethar (umgestellt aus *cli-nu-, idg. *k̂l̥-) `hört', Perf. 1. Sg. ro-cuala, cymr. cigleu `audivi', air. Konj. rocloor `daß ich höre', -cloth, jünger -closs `wurde gehört'; Thurneysen Gr. 357, 439;

    aisl. hljōð `Zuhören, Stille; Laut' (= av. sraota-), ags. hlēoðor `Ton, Melodie', ahd. hliodar n. `Ton, Schall' (= ai. śrōtra-), got. hliuma m. `Gehör', Pl. `Ohren' (= av.sraoman), ahd. hliumunt, nhd. Leumund (= ai. śrōmata-), Partiz. *hluþa-, *hluða- in ahd.Hluderīch, Hlothari, ags. Hloþ-wīg, -here usw.; daneben mit ū (schwere Basis, s. oben), ahd. hlūt, ags. as. hlūd, nhd. laut;

    lett. sludinât `verkünden'; dehnstuf. lit. šlovė̃ und šlóvë `Herrlichkeit, Pracht', ablaut. ostlit. šlãvė `Ruhm';

    abg. slovǫ, sluti `heißen, berühmt sein', dehnstuf. slava f. `Ruhm', davon slaviti `berühmt machen', serb. slûtīm, slútiti `ahnen' (Denom. eines *slutь; sloven. slût `Verdacht' ist wohl postverbal), slytije `Ruf, Namen';

    toch. AB klā̆w- `verkünden'; A klots, В klautso `Ohr, Kieme'.

    Mit westidg. Guttural: alb. kjuhem `heiße', gjuanj, kjuanj `nenne' (Pedersen IF. 5, 36).

    2. es-St.: ai. śravas- n. `Ruhm', av. sravah- n. `Wort', gr. κλέος `Ruhm', illyr. EN Ves-cleves (= ai. vasu-śravas `guten Ruhm besitzend'), lat. cluor (Gl.) `δόξα', air. clū `Ruhm' (aber cymr. clyw `Gehör' ist eine jüngere Bildung), dessen ū aus dem Gen. Sg. stammt; aksl. slovo `Wort'; toch. A klyw, В kälywe (*kleu̯os) `Ruhm'; Pedersen Tochar. 225.

    3. s-Erweiterungen: ai. śrṓṣati `hört, horcht, gehorcht', śrúṣti- `Willfährigkeit', av. sraoša- `Gehör' usw.;

    arm. luṙ `schweigend' (k̂lus-ri-);

    air. cluas `Ohr' (*k̂loustā) = cymr. clūst `Gehör';

    aisl. hler `das Lauschen' (aus *hloza-, älter *hluza-), ahd. hlosēn `zuhören, horchen', nhd. (bair.) alem. losen ds.; aisl. hlust `Ohr' (= ai. śruṣti-), ags. hlyst `Gehör', as. hlust f. `Gehör, Ohr, Hören, Lauschen', aisl. hlusta, ags. hlystan (engl. listen) `aufhorchen, zuhören'; mit ū (wie ahd. hlūt, s. oben): ahd. lūstrēn, nhd. (schwäb.-bair.) laustern `zuhören, horchen', nhd. lauschen (*hlūs-skōn); ags. hlēor, as. hlior, aisl. hlȳr `Wange' (= abg. sluchъ);

    abg. slyšati `hören', sluchъ `Gehör', slušati (serb. slȕšati, also schwere Basis wie slyšati) `hören';

    toch. A klyoṣ-, В klyauṣ- `hören'; А klośäṃ, В klausane Dual `Ohren'.

    Mit westidg. Gutt.: messap. klaohi `höre!' (: ai. śrōṣi); lit. klausaũ, -ýti `hören', lett. klàusît `hören, gehorchen', apr. klausīton `erhören', lit. paklusnùs `gehorsam' (dagegen lit. kláusiu `frage' = `*will hören' aus *kleu̯ǝ-s-iō hat futurisches s).

References: WP. I 494 f., WH. 86 f., 237 ff., Trautmann 307 f., Specht Idg. Dekl. 285, 333; Hj. Frisk, Göteborgs Högsk. Ȧrsskr. LVI 1950: 3.
Pages: 605-607
PIE database: PIE database
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-comments,pokorny-derivative,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

Search within this database


Altaic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Altaic: *k`ū̀jlu ( ~ -o)
Nostratic: Nostratic
Meaning: ear; to hear
Russian meaning: ухо; слышать
Turkic: *Kul-kak
Mongolian: *kul-ki
Tungus-Manchu: *xūl-
Korean: *kúi
Japanese: *kí-k-
Comments: AKE 11, EAS 142, KW 196, Poppe 18, 75, АПиПЯЯ 52-53, 276, Дыбо 14, Лексика 205. The Mong. form can hardly be explained as a Turk. loanword (despite Щербак 1997, 143; Doerfer in TMN 4, 296 writes: "...unsicher"). Cf. Ordos xulugu 'the ear of animal', Khalkha xulgavč 'eared cap'. The Jpn. form has an irregular high tone (Turk., Tung. and Kor. pointing unanimously to * ̀); this, as well as the vowel -i- is probably due to a contraction. Medial *-jl- has to be reconstructed to account for -i- in Korean.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,

Search within this database


Turkic etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Turkic: *Kul-kak
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: ear
Russian meaning: ухо
Old Turkic: qulqaq (Orkh., OUygh.)
Karakhanid: qulaq, qulqaq, qulxaq (MK), qulaq, qulɣaq (KB)
Turkish: kulak
Tatar: qolaq
Middle Turkic: qulaq (MA), qulaɣ (Sangl.)
Uzbek: qulɔq
Uighur: qulaq
Sary-Yughur: qulaq
Azerbaidzhan: GulaG
Turkmen: Gulaq
Khakassian: xulax
Shor: qulaq
Oyrat: qulaq
Halaj: qulaq
Chuvash: xъʷlɣa
Yakut: kulgāk
Dolgan: kulgāk
Tuva: qulaq
Tofalar: qulaq
Kirghiz: qulaq
Kazakh: qulaq
Noghai: qulaq
Bashkir: qolaq
Balkar: qulaq
Gagauz: qulaq
Karaim: qulax
Karakalpak: qulaq
Salar: Gulaχ
Kumyk: qulaq
Comments: VEWT 298, EDT 620, Лексика 204-205, ЭСТЯ 6, 124-127, Stachowski 160.
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-khal,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

Search within this database


Mongolian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Mongolian: *kulki
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: ear-wax; middle ear
Russian meaning: ушная сера; среднее ухо
Written Mongolian: qulki (L 984), quluɣu
Khalkha: xulxi, xulga
Buriat: xulxa, xolxi
Kalmuck: xulxǝ, xuĺxǝ
Ordos: xuluGu(n)
Dagur: xoĺgi (Тод. Даг. 177; MGCD kolig)
Monguor: xoŋGo (SM 171)
Comments: KW 196, MGCD 389.
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-mgr,monget-reference,

Search within this database


Tungus etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xūl-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: to sound, resound
Russian meaning: раздаваться (о звуке, эхо)
Evenki: ūl-ta-
Even: ụ̄l-dъ̣-
Negidal: ol-bụn-
Ulcha: xol-dị-
Orok: xụl-bụn-
Nanai: xōl-ǯị-
Comments: ТМС 2,263.
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-reference,

Search within this database


Korean etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Korean: *kúi
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: ear
Russian meaning: ухо
Modern Korean: kwi
Middle Korean: kúi
Comments: Nam 64, KED 226.
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,

Search within this database


Japanese etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Japanese: *kí-k-
Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology
Meaning: hear
Russian meaning: слышать
Old Japanese: kjik-
Middle Japanese: kík-
Tokyo: kìk-
Kyoto: kík-
Kagoshima: kík-
Nase: k`ìkj-
Shuri: či_̀č-
Hateruma: sɨ_̀k-
Yonakuni: k`-
Comments: JLTT 708.
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-nas,japet-shu,japet-hat,japet-yon,japet-comments,

Search within this database


Uralic etymology :

Search within this database
Number: 390
Proto: *kule
> Nostratic: > Nostratic
English meaning: to hear; ? ear
German meaning: hören; ? Ohr
Finnish: kuule- 'hören, horchen'
Estonian: kuule- 'hören, beachten'
Saam (Lapp): gullâ- -l- (N) 'hear, listen, understand', kulla- (L), kulli̊- (T), kulle- (Kld. Not.), kullø- (A) 'hören, fühlen'
Mordovian: kuĺe- (E M) 'hören'
Mari (Cheremis): kola- (KB U B)
Udmurt (Votyak): ki̮l- (S), kị̑lị̑- (G)
Komi (Zyrian): ki̮l- (S), ki̮v- (P), køl- (PO)
Khanty (Ostyak): kɔl- (V), χut- (DN), χol- (O)
Mansi (Vogul): koāl- (TJ), χōl- (Kū), kōl- (P), χūl- (So.)
Hungarian: hall- 'hören; vernehmen'
Nenets (Yurak): χā (O) 'Ohr' ?
Enets (Yen): kô (B), kūʔ (Ch.), kō͔ (K)
Nganasan (Tawgi): kou, kuåu̯
Selkup: qō (Tur.), k͔o (Ke.), qō (Ty.)
Kamass: ku
Janhunen's version: Vgl. (97) *kawi6
Sammalahti's version: FU *kuuli-; vgl. U *kawi6
Addenda: Koib. ku; Mot. kukda, kuma; Taig. gokta; Karag. kukta
Yukaghir parallels: χol 'Stimme'
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-est,uralet-saa,uralet-mrd,uralet-mar,uralet-udm,uralet-kom,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-nen,uralet-enc,uralet-nga,uralet-slk,uralet-kam,uralet-janh,uralet-samm2,uralet-add,uralet-yuk,

Search within this database


Kartvelian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Kartvelian: *q̇ur-
Nostratic: Nostratic
Russian meaning: ухо
English meaning: ear
Georgian: q̇ur- (q̇r-u 'deaf')
Megrel: 'uǯ- ('ur-u 'stupid')
Laz: q̇uǯ-, 'uǯ-, uǯ-, juǯ-
Laz meaning (Rus.): ухо, слышать
Laz meaning (Eng.): ear, to hear
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 213-214, EWK 420.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-laz,kartet-lzmean,kartet-elzmean,kartet-notes,

Search within this database


Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *quɫi-
Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology
Meaning (Rus.): голос, песнь
Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *quLi "
Proto-Itelmen: *kuɫ-
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,

Search within this database


Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *quLi "
Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology
Meaning (Rus.): голос 1, песня 2, шумный, буйный 3, просить 4
Chukchee: qulí-qul " 1, qulíl(ʔ)ǝ-, qucíc(ʔ)ǝ- 3, qulí- 4
Koryak: qulí-qul " 1*, 2, qúli-lhet-* 3
Palan: quli-qul " 1, quli-lhet- 3
Alutor: quli-qul " 2
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-alu,

Search within this database


Itelmen etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Itelmen: *kuɫ-
Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology
Meaning (Rus.): песня, голос
Itelmen: kuɫu-ɫat-
Itelmen meaning: причитать
West Itelmen: 'ikoĺa-'an part.?
West Itelmen meaning: vox
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): gɫos
South Itelmen: kou̯čuu̯ 1, koj-skik 3sg. 2
South Itelmen meaning (Latin): carmen 1, clamitat 2
South Itelmen meaning (Polish): pieśń 1, krzyczy 2
Number in Volodin 1976: 404
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-sit,itelet-sitmea,itelet-sitmep,itelet-vol,

Search within this database


Long-range etymologies :

Search within this database
Borean (approx.) : KVLV
Meaning : to hear
Eurasiatic : *ḳiwlV
Afroasiatic : *ḳVwVl- 'hear, ear' (Chad., Cush.) ( ? + *ḳVwVl- 'see')
Sino-Caucasian : *=i(r)k(w)Vl ?
Amerind (misc.) : ? *ḳʷaɫ 'see, look; eye' (R 230)
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-amer,

Search within this database


Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=i(r)k(w)Vl ?
Meaning: to listen; to encourage; to address
Borean etymology: Borean etymology
North Caucasian: *=i(r)kVl
Sino-Tibetan: *khʷăl (~gh-,qh-,Gh-)
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,

Search within this database


North Caucasian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-North Caucasian: *=i(r)kVl
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to listen; to address, talk
Proto-Lak: uči-
Proto-Dargwa: *=ikVn- / =ilk-
Proto-Lezghian: *ʔi(r)kɨ(r)-
Proto-Khinalug: k-i
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The conjugation in Darg., and the durative stem kl- in Khin. make the reconstruction with final *-l rather probable; unfortunately the root is not reflected in more informative languages like Tsakhur or Shakhdagh.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-comment,

Search within this database


Lak etymology :

Search within this database
Lak root: uči-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to say
Lak form: uči-n
Comments: G.pr. u=ku-nu.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,

Search within this database


Dargwa etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Dargwa: *=ikVn- / =ilk-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to say
Akusha: =ikVn- (Ur.)
Comments: Ur. =ikVn- / =ilk-. The verb is also used as auxiliary (a frequent feature in Daghestan languages, cf. Arch. bos 'to say' used in the same way etc.).
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,

Search within this database


Lezghian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Lezghian: *ʔi(r)kɨ(r)-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: to hear
Tabasaran: ji=k- (Düb.)
Archi: ko-
Comment: With only the Arch. and Tab. forms present there is not enough data to establish the resonant structure of the root.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,

Search within this database


Khinalug etymology :

Search within this database
Khinalug root: k-i
North Caucasian etymology: 278
Meaning: hear
Khinalug form: ki
Comments: Cf. dur. kl-i.
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,khinet-comment,

Search within this database


Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *khʷăl (~gh-,qh-,Gh-)
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: exhort, admonish
Chinese: *khʷars exhort, encourage.
Tibetan: skul-ba to exhort, admonish, enjoin.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,

Search within this database


Chinese characters :

Search within this database
Character:
Modern (Beijing) reading: quàn
Preclassic Old Chinese: khʷars
Classic Old Chinese: khwanh
Western Han Chinese: khwanh
Eastern Han Chinese: khwanh
Early Postclassic Chinese: khwàn
Middle Postclassic Chinese: khwǝ̀n
Late Postclassic Chinese: khwǝ̀n
Middle Chinese: khwǝ̀n
English meaning : to exhort, encourage, motivate
Russian meaning[s]: 1) убеждать, уговаривать; советовать; воодушевлять; 2) побуждать, стимулировать; 3) покровительствовать
Comments: Regular Sino-Viet. is khuyến.
Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology
Dialectal data: Dialectal data
Radical: 19
Four-angle index: 4686
Karlgren code: 0158 s
Vietnamese reading: khuyên
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,

Search within this database


Chinese Dialects :

Search within this database
Number: 2466
Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology
Character:
MC description : 山合三去願溪
ZIHUI: 0538 2003
Beijing: ćhyan 3
Jinan: ćhyã 3
Xi'an: ćhyã 3
Taiyuan: ćhyɛ 3
Hankou: chuan 3
Chengdu: ćhyan 3
Yangzhou: ćhyî̃ 3
Suzhou: ćhiö 31
Wenzhou: ćhy 31
Changsha: ćhyẽ 31
Shuangfeng: thuĩ 31
Nanchang: ćhyɔn 2
Meixian: khian 3
Guangzhou: hyn 31
Xiamen: khŋ 31; khuan 31 (lit.)
Chaozhou: khɨŋ 31
Fuzhou: khuɔŋ 31
Shanghai: ćhyö 3
Zhongyuan yinyun: khyen 3
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,

Search within this database

Select another database
Change viewing parameters
Total pages generatedPages generated by this script
5749141410746
Help
StarLing database serverPowered byCGI scripts
Copyright 1998-2003 by S. StarostinCopyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov
Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov