Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *mad_-

Meaning : to turn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Konda : mar_- (maRt-)

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *maz-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *maR-

Konda etymology :

Konda : mar_- (maRt-)

Meaning: to turn (intr.)

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Additional forms : Also Konda maR- (-t-) to turn (tr.)

Number in DED : 4761

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *maz-

Meaning : to turn (intr.), turn round, return; turn into, be transformed into

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : maz- (mast-)

Additional Forms : Also Pengo mah- (mast-) to turn round, turn over (tr.); turn into, transform

Number in DED : 4761

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *maR-

Meaning : to roll; to crawl

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : mabga (< mag-b-; magd-) "to grovel, wallow, roll on the ground, roll upon, overlay"

Sunkarametta Kuwi : mar- (-h-) "to creep, crawl"

Kuwi (Israel) : mar- (-h-) "lie down flat"

Additional forms : Also Kuwi_Isr marhī marhī hal- to crawl, creep

Number in DED : 4761

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *mad_-

Meaning : 1 to turn 2 to fall

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *mar_-

Proto-Telugu : *mar_-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *mad_-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *mar_-

Meaning : to turn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : mar_aŋku (mar_aŋki-)

Tamil meaning : to be bewildered, confused

Tamil derivates : mar_am bewilderment; mar_i (-v-, -nt-) to be turned upside down, return, recede, turn back, retreat, fall down; bend, rise up as a wave, be twisted, go about often, walk to and fro; (-pp-, -tt-) to turn about, return, turn upside down, upset, repeat, double; mar_i-taral returning, coming back; mar_ivi return; mar_ukkam whirling, unsteadiness, distress, affliction, sorrow, perplexity, relapse of disease; mar_uku (mar_uki-) to whirl, go about often, wander, be bewildered, confused, be unsteady, unsettled, be distressed; mar_ukali (-pp-, -tt-), mar_ukkaḷi (-pp-, -tt-), makkaḷi (-pp-, -tt-) to return, relapse (as a disease)

Malayalam : mar_i

Malayalam meaning : a turn, fresh start, corner, a shift, turning round or inside, deceit

Malayalam derivates : mar_iyuka to turn back, turn over, be upset, turn over and over, tumble heels over head, roll; mar_iccal turning over, returning, tumbling, heels over head, rolling, turning topsy-turvy, deceit; mar_ivu change, rolling, tumbling, confusion, deceit; mar_ikka to turn upside down, turn back; mar_ippu an upset; mar_ukuka to flounder, welter

Kannada : maral, maraḷ, malar

Kannada meaning : the face to be turned or averted, turn back or backward, turn, retreat, return, happen or occur again, do again

Kannada derivates : maralcu, maraḷisu, maraḷcu to turn or avert the face, turn, cause to retreat, return

Kodagu : mari- (mariv-, mariñj-)

Kodagu meaning : to roll (intr., in lying position), overflow, go up (steps of house, as bride does)

Kodagu derivates : (marip-, maric-) to roll (tr., in lying position)

Tulu : maraŋkaṇè, marakaṇè

Tulu meaning : on the back, topsy-turvy (or with 4740)

Tulu derivates : marapuni to fell, pull down a wall; maraḷikke hinge

Proto-Nilgiri : *mar_-ĭ-

Notes : All Kannada forms are supposedly dialectal (no preservation of -r_-); they might also be recent borrowings from Telugu.

Number in DED : 4761

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *mar_ĭ-

Meaning : to fall (tree)

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : mayr- (marc-) "(tree) falls; pull up by the roots"

Toda : mar_y- (mar_s-) "to fall (tree, wall), (teeth) fall out, (horn) is broken"

Additional forms : Also Kota marṇ- (marḍ-) to overturn (intr.), roll over once or end over end; marṭ- (marṭy-) to overturn by levering; Toda mar_y- (mar_c-) to fell (tree), pull down, take (honey) from comb

Number in DED : 4761

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *mar_-

Meaning : joint, hinge, spring, catch, contrivance

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : mara

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : mraggu "to be distressed; fall down"

Additional forms : Also [1] mar_alu, [2] maralu, [3] maḷḷu to turn back, go or come back, return; [1] mar_alincu, [2] maralincu to turn back, recall, rescind, abrogate, annul, ward off, turn, elude, evade; maralucu to turn or bring back, cause to return; [1] mar_ala, [2] mar_alan, [3] marala again, anew, afresh, back, in return; maralã-baḍu to turn back, rebel; maralã-bāṭu turning back, rebelling; mraŋgu to decrease, be abated, be humbled, (K also) fall down, perish; mrandu to die, (K also) be afflicted, be crushed, droop

Number in DED : 4761

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *mVdV

Meaning: to turn

Altaic: *módè ( ~ -u-, -o)

Dravidian: *mad_- (or *muḍ- 906)

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *módè ( ~ -u-, -o)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: bend, circle

Russian meaning: извилина, круг

Tungus-Manchu: *moda-

Korean: *mùd-Vph > *mùrVph

Japanese: *mǝ́tǝ́-pǝr-

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 296. An Eastern isogloss.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *moda-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 bend 2 rim, hoop

Russian meaning: 1 извилина, излучина 2 обод, обруч

Evenki: mōdan, mōdar 1

Literary Manchu: mudan 1

Ulcha: modo-čo(n) 2

Nanai: modã 1

Oroch: muda(n) 'turn', muda(ŋ)gi- 'to return'

Udighe: mudaŋa 1

Comments: ТМС 1, 542. The Evk. length is not parallelled elsewhere and is probably secondary (misrecorded?).

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *mùd-Vph > *mùrVph

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: knee

Russian meaning: колено

Modern Korean: murɨp

Middle Korean: mùrùp(h), mùrằp

Comments: Nam 221, KED 657.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *mǝ́tǝ́-pǝr-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to turn round

Russian meaning: вращаться

Old Japanese: motop(w)or-

Middle Japanese: mótófór-

Comments: JLTT 727.

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