Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ej-

Meaning : to arrive

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *ev-

Konda : ī- (-t-)

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ej-k-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *ej-, *ej-v-

Notes : Most of the seeming irregularities in this root's reflexation are the result of its joining with the root *vā- 'to come' (*ey-v-). This form is seen in Gondi *ev- (and not *ey-) and PK *ey-v-. In PPM the old suffixal form *ey-k (probably a nominal derivative) was also used only with vā-. Konda ī- is irregular as well; maybe developed from *eyv-.

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *ev-

Meaning : to reach, arrive

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : awwānā

Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : awwānā

Gommu Gondi : ev-

Muria Gondi : av-

Seoni Gondi : ev-

Koya Gondi : ev-

Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : ev-

Adilabad Gondi : ev-

Additional forms : Also Gondi_W āwsahtānā to dispatch; Gondi_Mu avh-/avih- to make to reach, bring, obtain

Number in DED : 809

Number in CVOTGD : 369

Konda etymology :

Konda : ī- (-t-)

Meaning: to arrive

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 809

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ej-k-

Meaning : to arrive

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : ika-, ika vā-

Manda : neyka vā-

Additional Forms : Also Pengo ipka-, ipka vā- id. (intensive, < ik-pa-).

Notes : Initial n- in Manda is irregular and rather strange. The same n- is found in Dongriya Kuwi, but still, the evidence is too few to reconstruct something other than an initial vowel.

Number in DED : 809

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *ej-, *ej-v-

Meaning : to arrive

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : epa (et-) "to arrive, reach, overtake, be sufficient"

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : ejali "to arrive, reach, overtake"

Sunkarametta Kuwi : e- (-t-)

Dongriya Kuwi : ne- (-t-)

Kuwi (Mahanti) : egowā- "to arrive (compound with vā- to come)"

Kuwi (Israel) : ega- "to arrive (motion base)"

Additional forms : Also Kui eppa (ept-) to cause to reach, cause to arrive at, cause to suffice; Kuwi_Isr eda- to arrive (personal object); ep- (-it-) to cause to reach.

Notes : The problem with this root is that in most (or all dialects) of Kui-Kuwi it was not used alone, but only in combination with the root *vā- 'to come' (*ey-v[ā]-) or other suffixes. In Kui *ey-v-a > *ey-pa > *e-pa, while eppa is a secondary causative. In Kuwi_F this cluster is probably responsible for the inlaut -j- (since PK *-y- normally > Kuwi_F -y-), although the exact way of development is unclear. Kuwi_Mah is an archaic form: egowā- obviously results from *ey-vā-. The n- in Kuwi_D is mysterious (although it does have parallels in Manda).

Number in DED : 809

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *ej-

Meaning : to arrive

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *ej-

Proto-Telugu : *ej-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ej-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ej-

Brahui : hi-n-ing

Notes : Specific reflexation in PN. Maybe *ic- < *ey-d-. The suffix *-d- should also be reconstructed on the PDR level for this item.

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *ej-

Meaning : to arrive

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : eytu (eyti-)

Tamil meaning : to approach, reach, obtain, be suitable

Malayalam : eytuka

Malayalam meaning : to get, obtain

Malayalam derivates : ettuka to stretch as far as, reach, arrive; ettam reach, length; ettal, ettu reaching; ettikka to make to reach

Kannada : aydu, (PBh.) eydu

Kannada meaning : to approach, reach, go to, join, obtain, be suitable

Kannada derivates : ay-tar-, (PBh.) ey-tar- to approach, come, go

Kodagu : ett- (etti-)

Kodagu meaning : to arrive

Tulu : ettāvuni, ettāḍuni

Tulu meaning : to reach, deliver

Tulu derivates : (B-K.) ettụ, ekkụ to reach

Proto-Nilgiri : *ic-

Number in DED : 0809

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *ic-

Meaning : to reach, be sufficient

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Toda : ɨc- (ɨč-)

Additional forms : Also Toda ic- (ič-) id. (said to be < Badaga)

Notes : Probably vice versa: ic- is the regular reflexation.

Number in DED : 809

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *ej-

Meaning : to attain, go to, join, obtain; suit, be proper

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : ey(i)du, ēdu

Additional forms : Also ētencu to come, arrive, go; (K) egudu to be obtained

Number in DED : 809

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ej-

Meaning : to arrive

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : end- (ent-)

Parji : ēd-, (S) ēy-

Poya Gadba : ed-

Additional forms : Also Parji epip- (epit-), (S) eypip- (eypit-) to reach

Notes : As in most CDR languages, the word is used mostly with derivative suffixes (thus, -d- assuredly goes back to PDR). The original variant is preserved in South Parji.

Number in DED : 809

Brahui etymology :

Brahui : hi-n-ing

Meaning : (i.e. stem in-; pres. stem kā-)to go, depart, disappear, be past, pass beyond, be no longer fit for, flow, (stomach) has diarrhoea

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Number in DED : 809

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *HVjV

Meaning: go, follow

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *ei-

Altaic: *ā̀ja

Uralic: *aja-

Kartvelian: *i-

Dravidian: *ej-

Eskimo-Aleut: *aɣǝ- ?

Comments: Cf. also PIE *i̯ē-, PU *je(ɣV) - a variant or a separate root?; PIE *ai- 'fall upon, seize' (1270)

References: МССНЯ 357; ОСНЯ 1, 243, 265-267; ND 103 *ʔeyo (with wrong Ur. and Alt. parallels); 821 *Haya 'pursue'.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *ey-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to go

Hittite: i- (in Imp.), pa-i- 'gehen' (Tischler 335, Friedrich 154-155)

Tokharian: A, B i- (PT *i-) 'go, travel' (Adams 60)

Old Indian: éti (imp. ihí, 1 pl. imáḥ) `to go, walk'

Avestan: aēiti `gehen'

Other Iranian: OPers aitiy `gehen'

Old Greek: êi̯mi, ímen `werde(n) gehen', inf. iénai̯ `gehen'; pl. íthmata n. `Schritte, Tritte; Füsse'

Slavic: *jь̃dǭ, *jьtī

Baltic: *eĩ- vb.

Germanic: *i- vb.

Latin: eō, iī, itum, īre `gehen'; itus, -ūm m. `Gang'; ped-es, com-es

Other Italic: Osk eítuns (set) `? itūrī sunt'; Paelign eite `īte'; Umbr etu `ītō', etu-tu `euntō', eest, est `ibit', iust `ierit', ier `itum sit', etaians `itent', etatu `itātōte'

Celtic: OIr ethae `itum est', ethaim `gehe'

Russ. meaning: идти

References: WP I 102 f

Comments: See also *it-er/-en- <PIH *i-> 'way' #2719

Vasmer's dictionary :

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *eĩ- vb.

Meaning: go

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: eĩti (OLith 1 sg. eimì, lit. einù, dial. eimù, žem. eitù, 3 sg. eĩt(i), prt. ējaũ, dial. ejaũ)

Lettish: iêt, iẽt (prs. iêmu, eĩmu, eju, prt. gãju) 'gehen'*gō̃d-a- c., *gō̃d-ā̂- vb.; *gā̃d-, gā̃d-ā̂- vb., *gā̃d-a- c.

Old Prussian: ēise usw., inf. ēit `gehen'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *i- vb.

Meaning: go

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: prt. iddja `went'

Old English: ēode `went'

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ā̀ja

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to go, walk

Russian meaning: идти, ходить

Turkic: *Aj-

Mongolian: *aja-

Tungus-Manchu: *āj-

Japanese: *àjùm-

Comments: ОСНЯ 1, 243.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *Aj-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to revolve, rotate, go round 2 to tarry 3 to lead, lead round 4 to speed up 5 to drive

Russian meaning: 1 вращаться, вертеться, обходить 2 мешкать 3 кружить, водить 4 ускорять 5 гнать

Turkish: ajla-(n)- 1, ajlak 'шатающийся без дела'

Tatar: ǝjlǝn- 1

Uzbek: ajlan- 1, 2

Uighur: ajlan- 1, 2

Azerbaidzhan: ajlan- (dial.) 1

Turkmen: ajla- 3

Khakassian: ajn-ɨt- 4, ajla-, ǝjlǝ- 1

Shor: ajlan- 1

Oyrat: ajla- 1, ajda- 5

Yakut: ajgɨ-s-ɨn- 'to tarry; to go, visit frequently' (*ajɨg-ɨš-ɨn-)

Kirghiz: ajlan- 1, ajda- 5

Kazakh: ajda- 5, ajnal- 1

Noghai: ajlan- 1

Balkar: ajlan- 1

Gagauz: ajla-, ajlan- 1, (h)ajda- 5

Karaim: ajlan- 1

Karakalpak: ajlan- 1, 2

Kumyk: ajlan- 'to move, visit'

Comments: ЭСТЯ 1, 106-107, 109-110. The forms meaning `rotate, go round, walk in circles' are hardly connected with aj `moon'.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *aja-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: journey, travel

Russian meaning: поход, путешествие

Written Mongolian: ajaŋ, ajan (L 23)

Middle Mongolian: ajan (SH)

Khalkha: ajan

Buriat: ajan

Kalmuck: ajan

Ordos: ajan

Dagur: ajan (Тод. Даг. 118), (MGCD ajin)

Comments: KW 4, MGCD 99. Mong. > Kirgh. ajaŋ etc. (ЭСТЯ 1, 106-107).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *āj-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 swift 2 to run quickly 3 to step (on sand, snow)

Russian meaning: 1 быстрый 2 быстро бежать 3 ступать (по песку, снегу)

Even: ajịŋ 1

Literary Manchu: aja- 2

Orok: aja-mụnǯị 1

Nanai: āi- 3 (Он. 30)

Comments: ТМС 1, 21.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *àjùm-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to walk

Russian meaning: ходить, гулять

Old Japanese: ajum-

Middle Japanese: àjùm-

Tokyo: ayúm-

Kyoto: áyúm-

Kagoshima: àyùm-

Comments: JLTT 679.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 4

Proto: *aja-

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: to drive, chase

German meaning: treiben, jagen

Finnish: aja- 'treiben, jagen; fahren'

Estonian: aja- 'fortbewegen, treiben; nachgehen, verfolgen'

Saam (Lapp): vuoggje- -j- 'drive (a horse, reindeer)', drive on, drive over' (N), vuodjē- 'fahren' (L), vī̊jje- (K T), vujje- (Kld), vuajje- (Not.) 'fahren, lenken'

Udmurt (Votyak): uj-, uĺ- (S), u̇j- (K), ujị̑- (G) 'treiben, verfolgen'

Komi (Zyrian): voj- (Skr) 'иметь норов, не слушаясь повода, очень быстро спускаться с горы', vojli̮- (Vm. I) 'бегать, скакать, носиться', vojed- 'бежать, побежать', vojledli̮- 'treiben, jagen'

Mansi (Vogul): wujt- (K), wojt- (KM), vujt- (KO) 'verfolgen, jagen'

Sammalahti's version: *aja

References: FUV; SKES; КЭСКЯ; Donn. VglWb. 798 Anm.; MUSz. 392, 856; Steinitz Vgr.Vok. 39; Munkácsi B. Árja és kaukázusi elemek a finn-magyar nyelvekben 622

Kartvelian etymology :

Proto-Kartvelian: *i-

Nostratic: Nostratic

Russian meaning: прийти, достичь

English meaning: to arrive, reach

Svan: ī- / j-

Notes and references: В МССHЯ 357 сопоставляется с ПИЕ *ei-, урал. *je(ɣV) 'приходить'.

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *aɣǝ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to go for a walk

Russian meaning: гулять, идти, проходить

Proto-Yupik: *áɣǝ- ~ *aɣ-uʁ-

Proto-Inupik: *ai-, *ai-k-lǝʁ-, *ai-t-ruʁ-

Comments: Cf. *aɣi-ʁ- 'to come'.

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 7

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *áɣǝ- ~ *aɣ-uʁ-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: to go on walks

Russian Meaning: гулять, идти, проходить

Sirenik: aɣǝ́šaxkúχtaqǝ̄́χtǝχ 'to walk quickly', aʁáχtǝqǝ̄́χtǝχ 'to go', aʁáʁǝtǝ́kǝχtǝχ 'to go with sth.'

Chaplino: āɣaqā 'to come passingly', aʁwalŋik* 'going at walk, [to walk on four paws]'; āxtaqā 'to spend sth. correctly'

Naukan: aɣáqā 'to pass'

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: aɣǝ- 'to go along or through'

Chugach (Birket-Smith): aɣɣuq, aɣua 'to go on walks'

Central Alaskan Yupik: aɣǝ- 'to go over (land, water)'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 7, 55

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *ạị-, *ai-k-lǝʁ-, *ai-t-ruʁ-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: to go 1, to go home 2, to fetch 3, to give 4

Russian meaning: идти 1, идти домой 2, доставать, ходить за чем-либо 3, давать 4

Seward Peninsula Inupik: ai- (aikɫiq- half-tr.) 2, 3, ait(t)uq- 4

SPI Dialects: Imaq ēroqtoq 1, ēroq 'walker', W, KI ai(z)ʁoq* 2

North Alaskan Inupik: ai- (aikɫ́iq- half-tr.) 2, 3, aitcuq- 4

NAI Dialects: B aiʁoq* 2, Ingl ai(z)ʁoq* 2

Western Canadian Inupik: ai- (aikɫiq- half-tr.) 1, 2, 3, aittuq- 4

WCI Dialects: Cor aijoq*, aivoq* 2, M aijoq* 2

Eastern Canadian Inupik: ai- (aitsi(q)- half-tr.) 1, 3, aittu(q)- 4

Greenlandic Inupik: ā- (ai-*) (āɫɫiʁ- half-tr.) 3, ātsuʁ- 'to infect'

GRI Dialects: NG ai- 3

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 7

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : HVJV

Meaning : go, come

Eurasiatic : *HVjV

Afroasiatic : *yaʔ/w-

Amerind (misc.) : *ja(ʔ) 'go' (R 312) [ + A K]

Reference : ND 103; GE 19 *i ~ *ya (+ NS).

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *yaʔ/w-

Meaning: go, come, run

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Berber: *yV- 'come'

Egyptian: iy, iw (pyr)

Western Chadic: *yaw- 'go'1, 'come'2, 'run' 3

Central Chadic: *ya-'come'

East Chadic: *ya- 'go'

Beḍauye (Beja): yi- 'come'

Low East Cushitic: *yaʔ- ~ *ʔiʔ-t- 'run away' 1, 'go' 2

Omotic: *yaʔ- 'come' 1, 'run away' 2

Notes: Cf. *waʔ- id.

Berber etymology :

Proto-Berber: *yV-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'come'

Izayan: iya

Qabyle (Ayt Mangellat): ǝyya (imper.)

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: ỉy, ỉw (pyr)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'come'

Coptic: *ʔey id.

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *yaw-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'go' 1, 'come' 2, 'run' 3,'wander through' 4

Hausa: yā́wà 4

Gerke=Yiwom: ya 1 [Fp]

Dera=Kanakuru: yài 2 [NmK]

Kifri=Giwo: yew/ʔ- 1 [St]

Boghom: yuwey 3 [Cs]

Daffo-Butura: yû 1 [JgR]

Ngizim: yá 1 {ShN]

Notes: Ngizim is used in Imperfective. Redupl. in Montol yayee'follow' [Fp]

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *ya-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'come'

Daba: ya [Mo]

Musgoy: yā [Lnhr], ya [CLR: 83]

Masa: ya [CLR: 83]

East Chadic etymology :

Proto-EChadic: *ya-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'go'

Tumak: yè [???}

Lele: è [CLR: 163]

Tobanga (=Gabri Nord): yǝ̀ [CTC]

Bedauye (Beja) etymology :

Bedauye: yi-, ʔi-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'come'

Low East Cushitic etymology :

Proto-Low East Cushitic: *yaʔ- ~ *ʔiʔ-t-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'run away' 1, 'go' 2

Somali: yaaʔ-

Arbore: ʔiʔit-

Notes: Cf. Or yaaʔa 'flow'

Omotic etymology :

Proto-Omotic: *yaʔ-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'come' 1, 'run away' 2

Ometo: ya- 1

West Mao (Hozo): yɛi 2

West Mao (Sezo): yɛ 2

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