Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *uḷum-/*uḷuŋ-

Meaning : tick

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *uḷuŋ-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *uḍm

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *uḷum-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *uḷuŋ-

Meaning : tick

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tulu : uḷụŋgụ

Tulu meaning : (B-K.) a tick found on the body of animals

Number in DED : 0591

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *uḍm

Meaning : tick

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Parji : uḍum (pl. uḍmul)

Number in DED : 591

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *uḷum-

Meaning : tick, parasite

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *uṛm

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ṛūm-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *uḷm-a

Notes : Bisyllabic root.

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *uṛm

Meaning : tick

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : urūm (pl. urūhk)

Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : urūm (pl. urūhk)

Muria Gondi : uṛum

Maria Gondi : uṛm(i)

Adilabad Gondi : uṛūm (Su.)

Durg Gondi : uṛum

Number in DED : 591

Number in CVOTGD : 277

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *ṛūm-

Meaning : tick

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Manda : ṛūme

Number in DED : 591

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *uḷm-a

Meaning : tick, parasite

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : ḍūmba "tick, insect parasite"

Kuwi (Schulze) : lūma "horsefly"

Sunkarametta Kuwi : ṛu'ma "tick"

Kuwi (Israel) : ṛu'ma "tick"

Notes : In Kui *-ḷm- > *-lm-. The cluster was then split in all dialects, implying either the glottal stop or vowel lengthening.

Number in DED : 591

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *lVŋV

Meaning: a k. of insect

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *lewǝ- louse

Altaic: *li̯òŋè

Uralic: ?? *linta / *lunta 'winged insect; bird'; cf. also *lOńćV ; *ĺomV - for phonology cf. 'snow')

Dravidian: *uḷum-/*uḷuŋ-

Eskimo-Aleut: *nǝŋr[uʁra-], *m-

Comments: For Ur. *lint- / *lunt- cf. rather Yuk. *ĺaŋδia (??Nivkh *harŋi) 'goose'.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *lewǝ-

Meaning: louse

Baltic: *lǖ-l-iā̃ f.

Germanic: *lūs- c.

Celtic: OCorn lowen, NCorn lūan, pl. lūan `Laus'; OCymr leu-esicc `von Läusen zerfressen', NCymr lleuen, pl. llau, Bret laouen `Laus'

Russ. meaning: насекомое (вошь)

References: WP II 443

Baltic etymology :

Proto-Baltic: *lǖ-l-iā̃ f.

Meaning: louse

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: liū̃lē 'Laus'

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *lūs

Meaning: louse

IE etymology: IE etymology

Old Norse: lūs, pl. lǖss f. `Laus'

Norwegian: lus

Swedish: lus

Danish: lus

Old English: lūs, pl. lǖs f. `louse'

English: louse

Middle Dutch: luus f.

Dutch: luis f.

Middle Low German: lūs

Old High German: lūs (9. Jh.)

Middle High German: lūs st. f. 'laus'

German: Laus f.

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1201

Root: lū̆s, Gen. luu̯-ós

English meaning: louse

German meaning: `Laus' (*Tier?)

General comments: oft tabuistisch entstellt

Material: Abrit. *luu̯ā > lou̯ā > cymr. llau `Läuse' (Sg. lleuen), corn. low bret. laou, Vannes leu ds.;

    ags. mnd. ahd. aisl. lūs f. `Laus'; aisl. lȳski f. `Läusekrankheit';

    mit tabuistischer Entstellung: ai. уū́-kā, pali ū-kā, prakrit ūā; lit. u-tė̃, und (mit Ablaut und Reduplikation) víevesa, vievesà f.; ksl. vъšь, Serb. vȁš, Gen. vȅši und ûš, usw. (*usi-);

    über toch. В luwa `Tier', Pl. lwāsa s. Pedersen Toch. 72; vgl. dän. olyr `Tier' und `Laus'; oder zu aksl. lovъ oben S. 655?

References: WP. II 443, Specht Idg. Dekl. 44, Trautmann 336, Lohmann ZceltPh. 19, 62 ff.

Pages: 692

PIE database: PIE database

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *li̯òŋè

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of insect

Russian meaning: вид насекомого

Mongolian: *newne, *neɣüne

Tungus-Manchu: *loŋ-

Japanese: *nǝ̀mì ( ~ -ua-, -ui)

Comments: The root is not well attested and somewhat insecure, denoting some small insect (bug or butterfly). But the correspondences are regular and the match seems possible.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *newne, *neɣüne

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: lady bug

Russian meaning: божья коровка

Written Mongolian: neüne (МХТТТ)

Khalkha: nǖne

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *loŋ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: butterfly

Russian meaning: бабочка

Udighe: loŋto

Comments: ТМС 1, 504. Attested only in Ud., with possible external parallels.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *nǝ̀mì ( ~ -ua-, -ui)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: flea

Russian meaning: блоха

Tokyo: nomí

Kyoto: nómì

Kagoshima: nomí

Comments: JLTT 500.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 494

Proto: *linta

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: bird

German meaning: Vogel

Finnish: lintu 'Vogel'

Estonian: lind (gen. linnu) 'Vogel; Geflügel, geflügeltes Insekt, bes. Biene; Wild, wildes Tier'

Khanty (Ostyak): ḷünti (V), lintǝ (DN), lĭntǝ (Nɨ.) 'emberiza nivalis; Schneeammer' ?

Sammalahti's version: *lintu !

Addenda: Liv. lin̄D (gen. līnda) 'Vogel; wildes Tier; Biene'

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *nǝŋr[uʁra-], *m-

Meaning: spider, grasshopper

Russian meaning: паук, кузнечик

Proto-Yupik: *nǝŋru/i-(ʁra-) (~ *m-)

Proto-Inupik: *nIɣruaʁruɣ (~ *m-)

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 227

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *nǝŋru/i-(ʁra-) (~ *m-)

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: spider 1, grasshopper 2

Russian Meaning: паук 1, кузнечик 2

Sirenik: ~ mǝránucʔá (< "mǝnrúʁca ?)

Chaplino: nǝŋzīk (ɣǝt) 2

Chugach (AAY): AP nǝŋuʁjaq

Nunivak (Peripheral): nǝɣuʁjaχ, niχ'χaq [Ras.]

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 227

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *nIɣruaʁruɣ (~ *m-)

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: spider

Russian meaning: паук

Seward Peninsula Inupik: niɣruaʁruk

North Alaskan Inupik: niɣruaʁruk

WCI Dialects: Net niɣruaʁruk, niɣjuaʁzuk [B.-S.], Car niɣjuaʁjuk [Ras.], Cop nigyuq* [Ras.]

ECI Dialects: Tar nijjuajuk, mijjuajū̆k 'small spider that hangs at end of thread and does not build web', Igl niɣjuk [B.-S.]

Greenlandic Inupik: niššavaʁšuk (nigssavarssuk*)

GRI Dialects: NG nixxāχχuk, EG nittivaʁtik

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 227

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : LVNV

Meaning : insect, worm

Eurasiatic : *lVŋV

Sino-Caucasian : *ƛ̣_wäŋHV̆

Austric : PAA *lun 'worm', PAN *gelaŋ 'earthworm, worm, tapeworm' (cf. also *lVm 'leech')

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ƛ̣wä́ŋHV̆

Meaning: a k. of insect

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *nɦäƛ̣_wV̆

Sino-Tibetan: *ƛŭŋ

Comments and references : LV A22.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *nɦäƛ̣_wV̆

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: gadfly

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *niḳ:ʷV

Proto-Lak: naIḳu

Proto-Lezghian: *näIƛ̣:ʷVj /*ƛ̣:ʷäInVj

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Although not widely represented outside the Av.-And. area, the root seems quite reliable both phonetically and semantically.

    It is interesting to note the root's full homonymousness with PNC *nHäƛ̣_wV 'blue' (q.v.): perhaps it had meant originally "a blue (or green) insect".

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *niḳ:ʷV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: gadfly

Avar: niḳ:

Chadakolob: niḳ

Andian language: nič̣:u

Akhvakh: niḳ:i (Tlan.)

Chamalal: nuṣa

Karata: niḳ:e (Anch.)

Comments: Av. paradigm C (niḳ:í-l, níḳ:a-l), but Chad. A (níḳi-l, níḳa-l). Cf. also Kar. Tok. niḳ́:a, niḳ:u.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: naIḳu

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dragonfly

Lak form: naIḳu

Comments: Lak. naIḳu is an exact match for PA *niḳ:ʷV etc. However, the Laki for "gadfly" is aIḳ (Khosr. aIḳʷ), which seems also to be related, but with a strange loss of initial n- (some old dialectal interference?). Note also Lak. Bartkh. laIḳu "dragonfly", where initial l- is probably a reminiscence of the former lateral nature of the Inlaut affricate.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *näIƛ̣:ʷVj /*ƛ̣:ʷäInVj

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 bee 2 gadfly

Lezghian: k:uni (Khl.) 1

Archi: naIƛ̣:u 2

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Kur. k:uni 'bee'. The Lezg. form is metathesized, while Archi preserves the old order of phonemes.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ƛŭŋ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: insect, worm

Chinese: 蟲 *Łhuŋ insect; reptile.

Tibetan: lćoŋ tadpole.

Burmese: kjǝuŋh locust.

Lepcha: tă-ljaŋ bŭ a spec. of worm: it is said to convey itself into the tails of cows to render them brittle

Comments: PG *pu^L-luŋ caterpillar; BG: Garo dzoʔoŋ, Dimasa yuŋ; Banpara tśoŋ caterpillar; Trung bǝ³-liŋ¹ fly. Sh. 435; Ben. 34; Coblin 98.

Chinese characters :

Character: 蟲

Modern (Beijing) reading: chóng

Preclassic Old Chinese: Łhuŋ

Classic Old Chinese: Łhuŋ

Western Han Chinese: Łhǝuŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: lhǝuŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: dhɨuŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dhuŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: dhuŋ

Middle Chinese: ḍüŋ

English meaning : insect, small bird

Russian meaning[s]: 1) насекомое; пресмыкающееся; червяк; червеобразный; 2) животное (общее понятие); 3) Чун (фамилия)

Shuowen gloss: 有足謂之蟲.無足謂之�.從三蟲.凡蟲之屬皆從蟲. [676]

Comments: Used also for a homonymous *Łhuŋ 'be hot (of weather). Standard Sino-Viet. is trùng. For *Łh (besides MC ḍ) cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou thaŋ², Fuzhou thöŋ². Note that Viet. sùng may go back to PAA *sǝ-rVŋ 'worm, centipede' ( = Khmer srɨŋ) - in which case any resemblance to Chinese is just coincidental.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 142

Four-angle index: 8719

Karlgren code: 1009 c

Vietnamese reading: sùng

Jianchuan Bai: cü7,-cü̃7

Dali Bai: cü7

Bijiang Bai: ćü7

Shijing occurrences: 14.1_

Chinese Dialects :

Number: 2378

Chinese etymology: Chinese etymology

Character: 蟲

MC description : 通合三平東澄

ZIHUI: 5722 2673

Beijing: c̣huŋ 12

Jinan: c̣huŋ 12

Xi'an: pfhoŋ 12

Taiyuan: chuŋ 1

Hankou: choŋ 12

Chengdu: choŋ 12

Yangzhou: chɔuŋ 12

Suzhou: zoŋ 12

Wenzhou: ʒ́yoŋ 12

Changsha: c̣hoŋ 12

Shuangfeng: ʒ́in 12

Nanchang: chuŋ 12

Meixian: chuŋ 12

Guangzhou: čhuŋ 12

Xiamen: thiɔŋ 12 (lit.); thaŋ 12

Chaozhou: thaŋ 12

Fuzhou: töyŋ 12 (lit.); tyŋ 12

Shanghai: zoŋ 32

Zhongyuan yinyun: čhiuŋ 12

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *lVN

Meaning: worm

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *lun (also *lan 'python'; *rVŋ 'worm, centipede'; *lɛ:n 'lizard')

Austroasiatic meaning: worm

Proto-Austronesian: *gelaŋ

Austronesian meaning: earthworm; intestinal worm

Proto-Thai: hlɨam.A python; ʔciŋ hlen.A small lizard

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *lɛ:n

Meaning: lizard

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Thai: ʔciŋ hlen.A small lizard

Khmer: thle:n

Proto-Khmu: VnK lɛ:n

Total pages generated Pages generated by this script 1188435 1696478	Help
StarLing database server Powered by CGI scripts Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov