Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *tàl-

Meaning : head

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *tal-ai

Proto-Telugu : *tal-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tal

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *tal-

Proto-North Dravidian : *tal-

South Dravidian etymology :

Proto-South Dravidian : *tal-ai

Meaning : head

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : talai

Tamil meaning : head, top, end, tip, hair

Tamil derivates : talaippu beginning, ending, end or edge of cloth; talaimai leadership, pre-eminence; talaivan__ chief, headman, lord; fem. talaivi

Malayalam : tala

Malayalam meaning : head, top, point, extremity

Malayalam derivates : talakkam, talappu top of tree; talāṭi, talāṭu top of tree, point, tip

Kannada : tale, tala

Kannada meaning : head, being uppermost or principal

Kodagu : tale

Kodagu meaning : end

Kodagu derivates : ? talami hair of head or body; talami kaḷe a single hair (kaḷe a weed)

Tulu : tarè

Tulu meaning : head, top, hair of head

Proto-Nilgiri : *tal[-ä]

Number in DED : 3103

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *tal[-ä]

Meaning : head

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : tal "head, top, above, superior"

Toda : tal "head, end, edge"

Additional forms : Also Kota talp end (of stick, branch, rope, etc.); Toda tas_ superior division of tī dairy; tas_m top; tas_t which is on top; talp tip (of stick, horn, penis); taš-tɨṇ platform (tɨṇ) against inner wall of house, where vessels, etc., are kept; tes_amf- (tes_amt-) to perform child's hair-cutting and naming ceremony (lit. to prepare head; for -amf-, see 162)

Number in DED : 3103

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *tal-

Meaning : head, hair of the head; top, end, front; place, side, quarter

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : tala

Number in DED : 3103

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *tal

Meaning : head

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : tal

Naikri : tal (pl. -kuḷ)

Naiki : tal

Parji : tel "head; honeycomb"

Ollari Gadba : tal

Salur Gadba : tallu (pl. talkil)

Additional forms : Also Naikri tal (pl. -śil) honeycomb

Number in DED : 3103

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *tal-

Meaning : head

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *tal-ā

Konda : tala

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *tal-/*talɣu

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *tal-ā

Meaning : head

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : talā (pl. -hk)

Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : talā

Gommu Gondi : talla (pl. -ŋ)

Muria Gondi : talla (pl. -ŋ)

Seoni Gondi : talla

Koya Gondi : tala

Yeotmal Gondi : talla (pl. -ŋ)

Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : tala

Adilabad Gondi : talla (pl. -ŋ)

Additional forms : Also Gondi_Tr tallā (pl. tallāng) the part of the comb in which honey is stored; Gondi_Ma talla honeycomb

Number in DED : 3103

Number in CVOTGD : 1689

Konda etymology :

Konda : tala

Meaning: head

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Number in DED : 3103

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *tal-/*talɣu

Meaning : head

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : tlau (pl. tlāka) "head, hair of head"

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : thṛāyū

Kuwi (Schulze) : trāyu

Sunkarametta Kuwi : trāyu (pl. trāka)

Parja Kuwi : trāyu (pl. trāka)

Dongriya Kuwi : tala "hair"

Kuwi (Israel) : trāyu (pl. trāka)

Additional forms : Also Kui tlāmberi, Kui_K tlameri hair of head

Notes : See *kirɣu ear for a similar development. In Kuwi_D we probably have the archaic form.

Number in DED : 3103

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *tal-

Meaning : hair of head

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Malto : tali

Number in DED : 3103

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ṭolV

Meaning: head

Altaic: *t`ṑlu

Uralic: *tuδ́ka

Dravidian: *tàl-

References: ND 2357 *ṭo/al̄ʡa(-ka) 'head, top' (Alt. + Drav. + dub. Celt. + Chad. + dub. Sem.).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *t`ṑlu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: head

Russian meaning: голова

Turkic: *tul(g)uŋ

Mongolian: *tolugai

Tungus-Manchu: *tōl-po-

Korean: *tằikòr

Comments: Лексика 204. The Kor. word may be analysed as "bald"+"brain" (see *t`eŕo and *kèĺǯo), so it may be necessary to remove it from the etymology (although a folk-etymological reanalysis was certainly possible); if not, the PA reconstruction should rather be corrected to *t`ōjlu.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *tul(g)uŋ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 temple 2 plait

Russian meaning: 1 висок, 2 коса

Old Turkic: tuluŋ (OUygh.) 1

Karakhanid: tuluŋ/n 1 (MK), tulun (IM)

Turkish: tulun 1

Tatar: tolɨm 2

Middle Turkic: tulɣum 1 (Vam.), (MKypch.) tulum 2 (CCum., Houts.), tuluŋ 1 (AH_

Sary-Yughur: tulɨn 2 (ЯЖУ)

Turkmen: duluq 'cheek' (?)

Khakassian: tuluŋ 2

Shor: tuluŋ 2

Oyrat: tuluŋ 2

Chuvash: tъlъm 'a tuft of wool left after shearing sheep'

Kirghiz: tulum 2

Kazakh: tulɨm

Noghai: tulɨm

Bashkir: tolom 2

Karakalpak: tulɨm

Kumyk: tulum 1 (dial.)

Comments: VEWT 498, EDT 501, ДТС 585, Лексика 203-204. The Turkm. form is not quite clear: it has an aberrant (although semantically not very remote) meaning, suffix and voiced d-.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *tolugai

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: head

Russian meaning: голова

Written Mongolian: toluɣai (L 822)

Khalkha: tolgoj

Buriat: tolgoj

Kalmuck: tolɣǟ, tolɣā

Ordos: toloGȫ

Shary-Yoghur: toloɣuj

Monguor: torGwǝ̄ (SM 424), (MGCD tolGui)

Comments: KW 399, MGCD 639.

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *tōl-po-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sinciput, top of head

Russian meaning: темя, макушка

Orok: tolpomụ

Nanai: tōrpoã

Comments: ТМС 2, 217. This Nan.-Orok root has certainly nothing to do with TM *tumŋu- (v. sub *t`ŭmu).

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *tằikòr

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: forehead

Russian meaning: лоб

Modern Korean: täguri

Middle Korean: tằikòr

Comments: Nam 147, Liu 188.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 1085

Proto: *tuδ́ka (*tuδ́ka-mV FP)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: tip, top

German meaning: etw. Hervorragendes, Spitze

Finnish: tutka 'Spitze', tutkan (gen. tutkamen), tutkain (gen. tutkaimen) 'Spitze, Ende', tutki- 'untersuchen, prüfen, forschen'

Estonian: tutk (gen. tutka) 'Ende, Winkel', tutkem (gen. tutkma) id.

Saam (Lapp): dutkum, dutkun (N) 'leaf-bud (on trees)', Dur^uk̀o͕mɛ̮ 'Knospe, Kätzchen an Bäumen'

Udmurt (Votyak): tuĺi̮m (S M) 'die oberen zarten Sprößlinge des Baumes'

Khanty (Ostyak): tö̆j (V), tĕj (DN), tȧ̆j (O) 'oberes Ende (des Flusses, Baumes), Ende, Gipfel, Spitze'

Mansi (Vogul): taĺǝk (TJ), taĺǝχ (KU), taĺk (P), taĺǝχ (LO), taĺǝχ, toĺǝχ (So.) 'Gipfel, Spitze, Ende'

Hungarian: tőgy (altung. tölgy, tőlgy) 'Euter, Gesäuge; Brust, Mamme'

Sammalahti's version: *tud'ka

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