Dravidian etymology : List with all references

Proto-South Dravidian : *nil-

Meaning : to stand

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : nil (nirp-, nin_r_-)

Tamil meaning : to stand, stop, halt, be steadfast, stay, continue, cease, be stopped, remain, wait, delay

Tamil derivates : nilavu (nilavi-) to be permanent, fixed, stay, exist, be in use, be extant; nilāvu (nilāvi-) to be permanent, fixed; niluvai standing, staying, balance, arrears; nilai standing, staying, firmness, stability, permanence, condition, state, place, stopping place, residence, depth of water allowing one to stand in, usage, custom; (prob. -v-, -nt-) to remain permanent, stay; (-pp-, -tt-) to obtain a footing, be settled, lasting, delay, be just deep enough to allow a man to stand (as a river); nilaippu permanence, continuance, durability, perseverance, persistence; nilaimai condition, state (as of affairs), standing posture, firmness, truth, probity; nir_patu the immovables, as the vegetable kingdom; nin_r_u always, permanently; nir_r_al standing, staying; nir_uttu (nir_utti-), nir_uvu (nir_uvi-) to set up, raise, erect, fix on a firm basis, determine, stop (as a person), defer, put an end to; nir_ai bringing to a stand, stopping, fixed position, strength of mind, self-control; nir_u (-pp-, -tt-) to put, set, place, create, construct, weigh, balance, decide; nir_uppān_ a balance

Malayalam : nilkka

Malayalam meaning : to stand, remain, last, stop, cease

Malayalam derivates : nilpu standing, arrears, balance; nilpikka to make to stand, appoint; nila standing, place, position, a stop, station in life, custom; nilama quality, state; nilekka to come to a stand, cease, get a footing, remain; nilavu balance, arrears; nir_uttuka to make to stand, stop; nir_uttu pause, stop; nir_uttikka to arrest; nir_ukka to weigh

Kannada : nil (nilt-/nind-), nilu, nillu

Kannada meaning : to stand still, stand, stand up, stop, stay, wait, remain, be left, last, remain fixed, cease, rest, endure

Kannada derivates : nila, nilu standing, that stands upright, remainder, balance, arrears; nilavu, niluvu standing, position, condition, height, that stands upright, cessation, leisure, resting place, place of abode; nilisu, nillisu to cause to stand, stop, cease, stay, etc.; niluvike, nilluvike standing, height; nillisuvike placing, etc.; nele standing, standing place, abode, place, basis, firmness, certainty, certain knowledge; nelasu to become established, stay, stand, obtain; nir_isu to put down, place, (PhB.) establish

Kodagu : nill- (nipp-, nind-)

Kodagu meaning : to stand

Kodagu derivates : nele halting place

Tulu : nilpuni, nilipuni

Tulu meaning : to stay, cease, become quiet

Tulu derivates : nilagaḍè, nilgaḍè settlement, conclusion, cessation; nilavu, nilāvu, nilevu balance, arrears, standing, residence; nilè, nelè firm, fast, abiding, quiet, still, calm; nileppu state, posture, station; nilevuni to be steadfast; nilpu pause, stop, interruption, stay, duration; nilpuḍuni to put a stop, cause to stop, make stand

Proto-Nilgiri : *nil-

Notes : The forms with alveolar -r_- are either old derivates or do not belong here.

Number in DED : 3675

Nilgiri etymology :

Proto-Nilgiri : *nil-

Meaning : to stand, stand still, stop (kar_ nɨl- [buffalo] stands to be milked, has in negative optionally kar_ nɨs_-, e. g. kar_ nɨs_o ɨr buffalo which does not stand to be milked)

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : nil-/nin- (nind_-)

Toda : nɨl- (nɨd_-)

Additional forms : Also Kota nilc- (nilc-), ninc- (ninc-) to make to stand; ? nel truth; Toda nilc- (nilč-) to stop (tr.), erect; nɨs_ a place; nɨs_ muxuḷm mist on hills in morning (in song; see 4892); nelp site of house

Number in DED : 3675

Telugu etymology :

Proto-Telugu : *nil-

Meaning : to stand, rise, get up, last, continue, remain, exist, stop, stay, halt, cease, endure, be preserved or saved, survive

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : nilucu

Telugu (Krishnamurti) : nelayu "to be established, stay"

Additional forms : Also nilupu to cause to stand, fix, place, stop, interrupt, restrain, save, preserve, adjourn, keep back, detain; n. standing, halting, cessation, stopping, a halt, stop, pause, rest; nilaka standing, halting; [1] nilukaḍa, [2] nilkaḍa id., remaining, staying, steadiness, firmness, permanence; [1] nilava, [2] niluva, [3] nilva remainder, balance, standing, duration, continuance; old, long-standing; niluvu standing, stature, height, standing crop; upright, erect, high, tall; nela place; nela konu to become firm, stay, be stand; nelavu place, abode, home, native country; neppu place, home, abode; neppu-konu to become firm

Number in DED : 3675

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *ńil-

Meaning : to stand

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kolami : il- (ilt-)

Naikri : il-

Naiki : il-

Parji : nilp- (nilt-)

Ollari Gadba : nil-

Salur Gadba : nil- (nilt-)

Kondekor Gadba : niṇup- "to make to stand"

Additional forms : Also Naiki ilup-/ilp- to make to stand; Parji nitip- (nitit-) to make to stand

Number in DED : 3675

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *nil-i-

Meaning : to stand

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *nil-

Konda : nil- (niR-)

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *nli-

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *nilc-/*nlic-

Gondi etymology :

Proto-Gondi : *nil-

Meaning : to stand

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Betul Gondi : nittānā, nillānā

Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : nitānā

Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : nittānā (2sg. imper. nillā)

Muria Gondi : nit-

Seoni Gondi : nil- (nitt-)

Koya Gondi : nil- (nitt-)

Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : nitānā, nilānā

Additional forms : Also caus. Gondi_Tr nilehtānā to make to stand, set up (a tent); Gondi_W nilahtānā, Gondi_Ph niccahtānā, Gondi_Mu nitih-, Gondi_S nipcah-, Gondi_Ko nilsp- to make to stand

Number in DED : 3675

Number in CVOTGD : 1977

Konda etymology :

Konda : nil- (niR-)

Meaning: to stand; cease or stop

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Additional forms : Also Konda nilp- to let stand; let stay, rest

Number in DED : 3675

Pengo-Manda etymology :

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *nli-

Meaning : to stand

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : nil- (-t-)

Manda : li- (-t-)

Number in DED : 3675

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *nilc-/*nlic-

Meaning : to stand

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : nisa (nisi-) "to stand, stand still, be set; n. act of standing still"

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : nīcali

Kuwi (Schulze) : nīnai

Sunkarametta Kuwi : ni'- (nit-)

Dongriya Kuwi : li- (-t-)

Kuwi (Israel) : niʔ-/liʔ- (nit-/lit-) "to stand up"

Additional forms : Also Kui_P nilpa (nilt-) to stand, be set up; Kuwi_F niphali, Kuwi_S niph'nai to cause to stand; Kuwi_Isr caus. nip- (-h-)

Notes : The seemingly unexplainable mess of correspondences eventually can be satisfactorily explained by the cluster *-lc-. In Kui *-lc- > *-c-, which regularly > *-s-. The causative form *nilc-p- > *nil-p-. In Proto-Kuwi the causative form has taken over the simple one, which explains the t-conjugation. Besides that, the following changes have happened: a) the final cluster *-lc- was lost in all dialects, so that the root has received a vocalic auslaut; b) in some dialects traces of this cluster were preserved in the reduced variant *nilc-p- > *nīl-p- > *nlī-p- > *lī-. On the external level this cluster is proved by forms like Gondi nilsp- 'to make to stand' and, more significant, by NDR.

Number in DED : 3675