Dravidian etymology : List with all references

Proto-Dravidian : *čōl-

Meaning : garden, grove

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *čōl-ai

Proto-North Dravidian : *cāl-ā

Proto-South Dravidian : *čōl-ai

Meaning : grove, garden

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : cōlai

Tamil meaning : flower garden, grove

Malayalam : cōla

Malayalam meaning : grove, shade, cool retreat, fresh spring

Proto-Nilgiri : *tōlä

Number in DED : 2891

Proto-Nilgiri : *tōlä

Meaning : forest

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : tēl "forest; menstrual blood"

Toda : twās_ "grove, thicket"

Additional forms : Also Kota tēl uk- to menstruate (lit. enter forest); tēl uḷ (lit. the inside of the forest), tēl uḷ pay (lit. house inside forest) menstrual house; cōlgn man of a forest trible living near Bokkapur [Sholagar, Census 1931, 1.3B, p. 194); Toda swāl jungle (in song; < Badaga sōle jungle with trees); swālgn = Kota cōlgn

Notes : All the forms with c- and s- are borrowings.

Number in DED : 2891

Proto-North-Dravidian : *cāl-ā

Meaning : grove, sacred grove

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : cālā

Malto : cāle

Number in DED : 2891

Eurasiatic: *ColV

Meaning: steppe, valley, meadow

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *sel- (cf. also *st[e]l- 2725)

Altaic: *č`oli ?

Uralic: *śolma

Dravidian: *čōl-

Comments: On IE see also *siLV. Cf. *CVlV.

Proto-IE: *sel-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: water-meadow

Old Indian: sáras- n. `lake, pond, pool'

Old Greek: hélos n. `feuchte Wiese, sumpfige Niederung, Marschland'

Slavic: *selo `пахотное поле'

Russ. meaning: заливной луг

References: WP II 507

Comments: Cf. *sel- 'village'.

Word: село́,

Near etymology: мн. сёла, укр. село́, блр. село́, др.-русск. село "жилище; селение; поле", ст.-слав. село σκηνή, σκήνωμα; ἀγρός ["населенное место, дворы, жилые и хоз. постройки; поле, земля"] (в обоих знач. в Psalt. Sin.; см. Мейе, Ét. 419), болг. се́ло́ "село", сербохорв. сѐло, им. мн. се̏ла, род. мн. се̑ла̑, словен. sélọ "почва, жилище, местечко, деревня", мор. selo "село", чеш. selo "село, пашня", польск. sioɫo "село".

Further etymology: Праслав. *selo "пашня" совпало фонетически в вост.-слав. и ю.-слав. с *sedlo "поселение", которое лишь в зап.-слав. можно отличить от *sеlо; *sedlo представлено в чеш. sídlо "местонахождение, сидение", sedlák "крестьянин", слвц. sedliak -- то же, др.-польск. siodɫak "крестьянин", местн. н. Siedlce, н.-луж. sedɫo "жилище", в.-луж., н.-луж. sеdɫаk "крестьянин". Последний ряд слов связан с *sed- "сидеть", ср. гот. sitls "сидение, кресло", лат. sella "сидение" (из *sedlā). Напротив, праслав. *selo "пашня" родственно лит. salà "остров", вост.-лтш. sоlа, лат. solum "почва", sоlеа "сандалия", гот. saliþwōs мн. "приют, жилище", д.-в.-н. sаl ср. р. "дом, жилище", лангоб. sala "двор, дом"; см. Розвадовский, Маt. i Рr. 2, 348 и сл.; Траутман, ВSW 248; Мейе, там же; Мейе--Эрну 1119; Шпехт 97; Буга, РФВ 67, 244; Потебня, РФВ 5, 111; Соболевский, ЖМНП, 1886, сент., 154 и сл.; Торп 435 и сл.; Ягич, AfslPh 7, 483; 15, 109, 113. Насильственны попытки возвести все названные слова к *sedlo, вопреки Брюкнеру (491 и сл.; ZfslPh 4, 213). В стороне остается лит. šalìs "сторона, край" (вопреки Потебне (РФВ 5, 115 и сл.); см. Ляпунов, ЖСт., 1892, вып. 1, стр. 143), а также се́ять, се́мя и родственные, вопреки Соболевскому (ЖМНП, там же).

Pages: 3,596

Number: 1679

Root: selos-

English meaning: swamp, sea

German meaning: `Sumpf, See'

Grammatical comments: n.

Derivatives: selesi̯o- `sumpfig'

Material: Ai. sáras- n. `Wasserbecken, Teich, See', Sárasvatī f. FlN und GN (zu sáras-vant- `wasserreich') = av. Harax ̌aitī, apers. Hara(h)uvatī `Arachosien'; ai. sarasyá- Adj. `Teich-, See-'; gr. ἕλος n. `sumpfige, bewachsene Niederung', ἕλειος `palustris'.

References: WP. II 507.

Pages: 901

PIE database: PIE database

Proto-Altaic: *č`ŏli ( ~ -e)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: steppe

Russian meaning: степь

Turkic: *čöl

Mongolian: *čolid

Tungus-Manchu: *čulbi-

Comments: A Western isogloss.

Proto-Turkic: *čöl

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: steppe, desert

Russian meaning: степь, пустыня

Old Turkic: čölig 'name of a country' (Orkh.)

Turkish: čöl

Middle Turkic: čöl (Abush., Sangl.)

Uzbek: čụl

Uighur: čöl

Sary-Yughur: čöl (ЯЖУ)

Azerbaidzhan: čöl

Turkmen: čöl

Khakassian: söl

Oyrat: čöl

Tuva: šöl 'field, plaza'

Tofalar: šöl 'steppe, desert'

Kirghiz: čöl

Kazakh: šöl

Noghai: šöl

Bashkir: sül 'desert'

Karaim: čöl

Karakalpak: šöl

Kumyk: čöl

Comments: VEWT 117, TMN 3, 122-123, EDT 420. Turk. > WMong. čöl 'desert' (because of uncertainty of OT čölig doubted by Clark 1977, 135).

Proto-Mongolian: *čolid

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: area with many small lakes

Russian meaning: местность, покрытая мелкими озерами

Written Mongolian: čolid (L 197)

Khalkha: coĺd

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *čulbi-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a small hill

Russian meaning: небольшой холм

Evenki: čulbikān

Comments: ТМС 2, 413. Attested only in Evk., with possible parallels in Turk. and Mong.

Number: 1613

Proto: *śolma

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: valley, lowland

German meaning: Tal, Vertiefung

Finnish: salmi (gen. salmen) 'Straße, Meerenge, schmale Wasserstraße, Sund' ( > Saam. N sal^ama͔) ?

Estonian: salm (gen. salmi), salme (gen. salme) 'kleine Meerenge zwischen zwei Inseln' ?

Saam (Lapp): čoal'bme -lm- (N) 'marked contraction of a lake, sound between two lakes or reaches of a fjord', tjål'mē (L) 'Sund; Rinnsal, Wasserrinne; vom Wasser in einem Deltagebiet ausgegrabener Wasserlauf', čua_ilm (T Not.) 'Sund, Meerenge' ?

Udmurt (Votyak): śum (S G Uf.) 'durch Überschwemmung entstandener Teich, Sumpf; Teich, Bucht' ?

Komi (Zyrian): śon (Lu. Peč. Ud.) 'долина, ложбина; Tal, Hohlweg, Vertiefung (zwischen zwei Abhängen)' ?

Borean (approx.) : CVLV

Meaning : steppe, valley, meadow

Eurasiatic : *ColV

Sino-Caucasian : *sdǝ[l]V

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *sdǝ́lV

Meaning: to spread out, flat

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *ʒ_ǝlV

Sino-Tibetan: *ćel (~-ɫ)

Basque: *seɫHai

Comments and references : NSC 53 *ʒVlHV.

Proto-North Caucasian: *ʒ_ǝlV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: plain, plateau

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *c̣:ir-dV

Proto-Lezghian: *c̣:ol(:)

Notes: An Av.-And.-Lezg. isogloss.

Protoform: *c̣:ir-dV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 plain 2 plateau

Avar: c̣:or 1

Chamalal: c̣:edo 2

Comments: Av. paradigm B ~ C (loc. c̣:oró-re).

Proto-Lezghian: *c̣:ol(a) ( ~ -l:-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: plain, plateau

Lezghian: ṭul

Rutul: dɨl (Shin.)

Kryz: tul

Comment: Cf. also Lezg. Akht. t:ɨl id. Obl. base *c̣:ola- or *c̣:olä- (Lezg. ṭula-).

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ćel (~-ɫ)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: spread

Tibetan: gćal to spread, display, lay out.

Kachin: ǯen¹ to spread out and hang up, as garment for drying.

Lepcha: čór spread out, forked; in comp. (hand) with fingers spread out

Proto-Basque: *seɫHai

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 plain, flat land; flat (adj.) 2 field 3 ground 4 plaza, town square

Bizkaian: zelai 1, (Arratia) 3, (arc) 4

Gipuzkoan: zelai 1

High Navarrese: zelai 1, (Irun, Lezaka) 2

Low Navarrese: zelhai 1

Lapurdian: zelhai 1

Baztanese: zelai 1

Comments: Azkue explains: "zelai ... es más bien paraje llano que campo ni prado ..." 'zelai is rather flat place than field or meadow', also used as the adjective 'flat, level', exactly like PEC *ʒ_ǝlV.

Dravidian etymology :

South Dravidian etymology :

Nilgiri etymology :

North Dravidian etymology :

Nostratic etymology :

Indo-European etymology :

Vasmer's dictionary :

Pokorny's dictionary :

Altaic etymology :

Turkic etymology :

Mongolian etymology :

Tungus etymology :

Uralic etymology :

Long-range etymologies :

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

North Caucasian etymology :

Avar-Andian etymology :

Lezghian etymology :

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Basque etymology :