Chinese characters :

Character: 咥

Modern (Beijing) reading: dié

Preclassic Old Chinese: thrit

Classic Old Chinese: thrit

Western Han Chinese: ṭhjǝt

Eastern Han Chinese: ṭhjǝt

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭhjit

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭhjit

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭhjit

Middle Chinese: ṭhit

English meaning : laugh; also die 3 "to bite"

Russian meaning[s]: укусить; [xí] расхохотаться

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 255

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *rj₁ǝ̆j (-t, -n)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: laugh, smile

Chinese: 咥 *thrit laugh.

Tibetan: gźa to sport, joke, play; gźas play, joke, bźad, gźad laugh, smile.

Burmese: raj to laugh, LB *raj.

Kachin: ǝgja² to deride, make fun of, (H) gja, kja id.

Lushai: ṭhen to smile, grin; show the teeth.

Lepcha: thyăn to laugh

Kiranti: *rít(s)

Comments: Cf. also Jnp. (H) roi to mock. Magari ret; Rawang it; Thebor rot, Bunan sred; Bahing rit ~ ris; Digaro mǝra; Hrusso ra. Sh. 144; Ben. 47.

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *rít(-s)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: laugh

Sunwar: 'rit-ca laugh

Tulung: ris-

Kaling: rennä (rejŋɔ) (CSDP 'rennä)

Limbu: jepmā / epmā (jerā / erā) laugh, kejepā joker

Dumi: rīnɨ

Kulung: gema

Yamphu: jītcama

Comments: Toba 92 *Cis-.

Limbu dictionary :

Entry: ye:pmaʔ, -ye:r-/-ye:t-/-ye:ʔl

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: vi.

Meaning: 1) laugh; 2) muse:N lɔʔrik ye:pmaʔ smile.

Comments: 1) cf. ye:pmaʔ, yu:maʔ (4)\x

Dumi dictionary :

Entry: ri:nɨ

Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology

Grammar: vi-2 re:-ri:y/ri:

Meaning: laugh

Nepali: hāʔsnu.

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: gema

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: vi-3 [1: ges- 2: ge-]

Meaning: laugh

Nepali: hāṃsnu.

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: yi:tcama

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Stem: <yi:tcas- ; yi:tca- ; yi:tca:->

Grammar: v.intr.

Meaning: to laugh, to smile

Comments: cf. rakma.

Nepali: hāsnu

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ŕVχwV

Meaning: to play, laugh

North Caucasian: *=HirχwV

Sino-Tibetan: *rj₁ǝ̆j (-t, -n)

Basque: *Hir̄i

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *=HirχwV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to play

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *=aχʷ- ( ~ -o-)

Proto-Dargwa: *=umχI(:)ʷ-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔirχIʷa

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Not clear is the nasal -m- in Darg. (neither Av.-And., nor Lezg. have any trace of a nasal); otherwise correspondences are regular. The vowel in PA probably reflects the Ablaut grade *e ( > PA *o).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *=aχʷ- ( ~ -o-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to play

Avar: ħa-

Akhvakh: =aχʷa-d-

Karata: =ahʷ-

Comments: Cf. also Akhv. Tlan. =aχʷa-d-, Ratl. =aχʷa-r-, Kar. Anch. =aχu-l- id.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *=umχI(:)ʷ-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to play

Akusha: =umħʷ- (Ur.)

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔirχIʷa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to play 2 dice play 3 laugh, joke

Agul: d-ürüX̀- 1

Rutul: χIʷa-n 2

Archi: iχI 3

Comment: Cf. also Ag. Tp. d-urħa-s 'to play', Arch. iχI-erkurt:u 'funny' (showing the morphonemic weakness of χI). Rutul reflects a derivate *ʔirχIʷa-n (with reduction of the first weak syllable).

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *hir̄i

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 laugh, laughter 2 mockery 3 smile 4 to smile 5 hurly-burly, hubbub

Bizkaian: irri 2, irri-barre 3

High Navarrese: irri-abar 3

Low Navarrese: irri 1, 2, hirrun-harrun 5, (Hazparren) hirri-skina-tu 4

Lapurdian: hirri 1, 2, hirrun-harrun 5

Zuberoan: hirrun-harrun 5

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