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Chinese characters :
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Character: 神
Modern (Beijing) reading: shén
Preclassic Old Chinese: lǝn
Classic Old Chinese: lin
Western Han Chinese: ljǝn
Eastern Han Chinese: źǝn
Early Postclassic Chinese: źɨn
Middle Postclassic Chinese: źɨn
Late Postclassic Chinese: źɨn
Middle Chinese: źin
English meaning : spirit, heavenly spirit, ancestral spirit
Russian meaning[s]: 1) дух, духовное начало; бог, божество; сверхъестественный; непостижимый; чудесный; изумительный; 2) жизненная сила; энергия; 3) Шэнь (фамилия)
Radical: 113
Four-angle index: 2647
Karlgren code: 0385 j-k
Vietnamese reading: thần
Jianchuan Bai: sɛ̃7
Dali Bai: zi7
Bijiang Bai: šẽr4-
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-bijiang,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *lǝ̆
Meaning: spirit
Tibetan: lha the gods.
Burmese: LB *s-la soul (Ben.).
Kachin: mǝla2 spirit, sumla1 a picture, a figure.
Lushai: thla a spirit; a picture, KC *khla.
Comments: Murmi la; Sgaw kǝla spirit; Namsangia da-pha, Banpara tśa-sa; Rawang phǝla, Trung la1. Sh. 123, 435; Ben. 132; Mat. 171.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *lǝ̀
Meaning: spirit
Tulung: lö spirit
Kaling: lö senses, feeling, courage
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-tul,kiret-kal,kiret-dum,kiret-yam,
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Dumi dictionary :
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Entry: lu:
Grammar: n.
Meaning: awareness, mind, soul, spirit
Nepali: sāto
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-nepali,dumet-comments,
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Yamphu dictionary :
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Entry: lawa
Grammar: n.
Meaning: 1) shadow; 2) spirit, presence of mind, soul; one of the four aspects of the human spirit
Comments: häŋ lawa mä:k.khä:.tta. (you spirit vanish.PROC.PF) You've lost your spirit [from fright].
Nepali: chayā, sāto
yamet-prnum,yamet-pspeech,yamet-meaning,yamet-comments,yamet-nepali,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 1014
Character: 神
MC description : 臻開三平真船
ZIHUI: 4377 2073
Beijing: ṣǝn 12
Jinan: ṣẽ 12
Xi'an: ṣẽ 12
Taiyuan: sǝŋ 1
Hankou: sǝn 12
Chengdu: sǝn 12
Yangzhou: sǝn 12
Suzhou: zǝn 12
Wenzhou: zaŋ 12
Changsha: ṣǝn 12
Shuangfeng: ɣin 12
Nanchang: sǝn 31
Meixian: sǝn 12
Guangzhou: šan 12
Xiamen: sin 12
Chaozhou: siŋ 12
Fuzhou: siŋ 12
Shanghai: zǝŋ 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: šiǝn 12
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *hVɫʔV
Meaning: breath, spirit
Comments and references : HGC 34. sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *h[ă]ɫʔa ( ~ -ʡ-,-e)
Meaning: steam
Proto-West Caucasian: *Ła Notes: Cf. (with an a-prothesis and *ɫ > r) Hurr. aɣri 'incense' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 55). The EC-WC comparison seems rather probable, despite the not quite regular correspondence PEC *ɫ : PWC *Ł. Resonants are normally lost in PWC, but in this case *ɫ was retained as the only possible element (because laryngeals were also lost, and probably even before the resonants), but was transformed into a voiced lateral affricate.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ʡe
Meaning: steam
Chechen: ʕä
Ingush: ʕi
Comments: The Chech. form reflects the vocalism of the oblique stem *ʕa-ne-rV- (cf. Chech. ʕänara-, Ing. ʕanaro). 4th class in both languages.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *halHV ( ~ ħ-)
Meaning: 1 to boil 2 boiling 3 steam
Avar: hal- 1, háli 2
Chadakolob: hʷal- 1
Andian language: hal (Leksika) 3
Chamalal: hā 3
Tindi: hā 3
Bagvalal: hal (Leksika)
Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. hara (with a not quite clear -r- instead of -l-).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-bgv,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *hel- ( ~ ħ-)
Meaning: to boil
Bezhta: hel- (Tlad.)
Gunzib: hel-ā
Comments: PGB *hel-. The stem is obviously denominative: Gunzib forms are actually compounds hel-ā 'to boil (intrans.)', hela-ḳa 'to boil (trans.)'.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *hIela
Meaning: 1 breath 2 odour 3 steam 4 soul, spirit
Lezghian: jal 1,2
Tabasaran: el 1
Agul: el 1
Rutul: il 2
Tsakhur: ewa 2 (Mishl.)
Kryz: ʕal 1
Budukh: ʕal 1
Archi: hil 1,3
Udi: el-muχ 4
Comment: 4th class in all class-distinguishing languages. Obl. base *hIelä- (besides Tsakh. ewa, cf. also Rut. ili-). See Лексика 1971, 191.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-krz,lezget-bud,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *Ła
Meaning: 1 smoke 2 god, spirit 3 to suffocate
Abkhaz: á-l-ʕʷa 1
Abaza: lʕʷa 1
Adyghe: tħa 2
Kabardian: tħa 2
Ubykh: La-L- 3
Comments: PAT *lǝ-ʕʷa (a compound with -ʕʷa < *ʁʷV 'smoke' q.v.); PAK *tħa; Ub. sǝ-LaLǝ́-n. The Ub. verb is an exact match for PAK *tħa-La- 'to suffocate' (Ad. tħāLa-, Kab. tħaLa-), see Bouda 1960, 200, Shagirov 2, 82. This is an additional factor in favour of Kuipers' hypothesis that PAK *tħa originally had meant 'life, breath'. Since PAK *tħa corresponds well to Ub. La (going back to PWC *Ła), all other theories about the origin of PAK *tħa (comparison with Greek theós, fantastic comparisons with *ħa 'dog', *t:ǝʁa 'sun' etc. - see the full list in Shagirov 2,79-80) should be discarded.
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-abk,abadet-aba,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔir1- (~x-)
Meaning: breath, spirit
Ket: īĺ / iʔĺ, pl. ɛĺǝŋ5; ɛĺiŋ-bet5 'to breathe'
Yug: īr, pl. ɛrɨŋ5, ɛrǝŋ5
Comments: ССЕ 194. Werner 1, 390 <*iʔʎ>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-notes,
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Basque etymology :
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Proto-Basque: *haro
Meaning: weather, season
Bizkaian: aro
Gipuzkoan: aro
High Navarrese: aro
Low Navarrese: haro
Lapurdian: haro
Zuberoan: háro
Roncalese: aro
Comments: Cf. ZBR haro-hún 'good weather', haro-gaitz 'bad weather'; used in names of months, e.g. LAB ost-aro 'May (leaf season)', ere-aro 'June (sowing season)', etc. Cf. PEC *h[ă]ɫʔa 'steam': the semantic chain ‘steam, breath, air ~ wind, weather’ is common.
basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,
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