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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ši(n)
Meaning: two
Chechen: šiʔ
Ingush: šiʔ
Batsbi: ši
Comments: The final glottal stop in Chech. and Ing. is secondary (as also in other numerals). The original base šin- is preserved as oblique (Chech., Ing. šina-). Cf. also PN *šina-ra 'heifer (about 2 years old)' (Chech., Ing. šinara) which is, on one hand, an obvious derivate of *ši(n) 'two' (just like *qaʔar-ḳ 'a 3-years-old heifer' from the oblique base *qaʔa- 'three') and on the other hand - a perfect match for Lak., PL and PWC forms.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *nä̆wš_i
Meaning: two; a 2-year-old animal
Notes: An interesting case. The root must have originally meant simply "two" and formed part of the suppletive paradigm of the PNC numeral "two" (*ṭq̇Iwä - *näwš_i). The original meaning is preserved in PN and HU: cf. HU *šin 'two' > Hurr. šin-, Ur. šî-šǝ ( < *šin-(i)šǝ), see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 37. (Note that both in PN and HU the root is metathesized). But probably already in PNC the root was used also to denote a two-year-old animal; it is only the latter function in which it was preserved in most modern languages. The Nakh languages present here an important link, because they have preserved the root in both functions. Phonetically the comparison is satisfactory (PL has a form with a frequent *-j suffix; weakness of -š- should be best explained by an intermediate form *nišʷaj < *niwš:-aj). Some problems are raised by -č́- in WC (instead of the expected -š́-; perhaps the affricate reflects here the rare Inlaut combination -wš:- ?).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-abad,caucet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: nuwš:a
Meaning: ram (more than 2 years old)
Lak form: nuwš:a
Comments: Cf. gen. nuwš-lu-l, pl. nuwš-ri, Khosr. nūš:a.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *nušaj (~-iw-)
Meaning: sheep (about 2 years old)
Rutul: nüšej
Tsakhur: nušej
Comment: Morphologically seems to be formed from an adverb *nuš-; cf. Rut. šäs-aj "a one-year old lamb" from šäs "last year" (PL *šʷaI-s: q.v.). However, the root was used for denoting a two-year-old animal already in PNC, cf. the external evidence.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-comment,
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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :
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Proto-West-Caucasian: *nǝč́ǝ
Meaning: a ram slaughtered in honor of the guest
Adyghe: nǝš́ǝ
Kabardian: nǝš
Ubykh: nǝč́ǝ́
Comments: The Ub. form corresponds to PAK quite regularly, and there are no reasons to suppose a loan (despite Shagirov 1977). Judging from the external evidence, the root must have originally meant "a two-year-old ram, a grown-up ram".
abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-ubk,abadet-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *nä̆́wši
Meaning: two (see also *(t)xq̇wǟ)
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *nĭj (k-, -s, -ks)
Meaning: two
Tibetan: gńis two.
Burmese: hnać two, LB *ni(k)x.
Kachin: ńi1 two.
Lushai: hniʔ two, KC *k-hnis.
Lepcha: njí two; njăt two
Kiranti: *ní(k)
Comments: PG *ńiCL; BG: Dimasa gi-ni, Garo g-ni; Moshang a-ni. Simon 29, Sh. 37, 135, 411, 429; Ben. 16.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-kir,stibet-comments,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 二
Modern (Beijing) reading: èr
Preclassic Old Chinese: nijs
Classic Old Chinese: nić
Western Han Chinese: njǝś
Eastern Han Chinese: ńǝś
Early Postclassic Chinese: ńiś
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ńìj
Late Postclassic Chinese: ńì
Middle Chinese: ńì
English meaning : two
Russian meaning[s]: 1) два; второй; 2) двойной; дважды; 3) второй номер, помощник
Comments: For early OC a reconstruction *nit-s is also possible. Viet. has an interesting opposition: nhị 'two' - nhì 'second' - the basis for it within Chinese is not clear. For *n- cf. Xiamen ʒi6, li6, Chaozhou zi6, Fuzhou ne6, Jianou ni6.
Radical: 7
Four-angle index: 2
Karlgren code: 0564 a-f
Vietnamese reading: nhị
Jianchuan Bai: ne6
Dali Bai: ne6
Shijing occurrences: 44.1, 44.2, 58.4
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,bigchina-jianchuan,bigchina-dali,bigchina-shijing,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 8
Character: 二
MC description : 止開三去至日
ZIHUI: 0059 0527
Beijing: ǝ̂ 3
Jinan: ǝ̂ 3
Xi'an: ǝ̂ 3
Taiyuan: ǝ̂ 3
Hankou: ɨ 3
Chengdu: ǝ̂ 3
Yangzhou: â 3
Suzhou: l 32
Wenzhou: ŋ 32
Changsha: ô 32
Shuangfeng: ie 32
Nanchang: з̂ 32
Meixian: ńi 3
Guangzhou: ji 32
Xiamen: ʒi 32
Chaozhou: zi 32
Fuzhou: nei 32
Shanghai: liã 32
Zhongyuan yinyun: ži_ 3
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *xɨna
Meaning: two
Ket: attr. ɨ̄n//ɨn, pred. inanim. ɨnǝm6, anim. ɨnǝŋ6
Yug: attr. ɨn, pred. inanim. ɨnɛ6, anim. ɨneŋ6,5
Kottish: īna, (Бол.) inča; Ass. inéje (М., Сл., Кл.), inee (Срсл.), ɨna (Кл.), ińe (Ф.); Kam. ɨnä (Стр.); Koib. ina (Мес., П.), ińa (Ф.)
Arin: kína (М., Сл., Срсл., Кл., Ф.), kinä (Стр.), kin (Лоск.)
Pumpokol: híneaŋ (Сл., Кл.), nineaŋ (Срсл.)
Comments: ССЕ 296. Werner 2, 423 <*(k)ɨn>.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-ari,yenet-pum,yenet-notes,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : CVNV
Meaning : two
Afroasiatic : *čin- two
Austric : ? Tai *sɔ̄ŋA two
globet-meaning,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-austr,
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