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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ha
Meaning: demonstrative pronoun
Chechen: ha-ra
Ingush: ja, je-r
Batsbi: e-h, o-h
Comments: In Ing. there has probably occurred a contamination of *ha and *ʔi (q.v.), and thus appeared the form ja. The root is used for near deixis ('this'); in Bacbi it is combined with other deictic stems: e-, o-.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *hă
Meaning: an emphatic demonstrative stem
Notes: A rather universal deictic pronominal stem; reconstructed for the PEC level.
caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *ħi- / *ħo-
Meaning: this
Avar: he-b, ha-b
Andian language: he-, ho-
Akhvakh: ha-
Tindi: a-
Karata: ha-di-
Botlikh: ha-
Bagvalal: a-
Godoberi: ha-
Comments: The morpheme *ħo- (more rarely - *ħi-), sometimes with loss of initial *ħ-, is the general pronoun stem for near deixis in Andian languages. In some languages (Av., And.) the variants *ħo- and *ħi- are separated, the 1st denoting 'this (near the speaker)' and the 2d - 'this (near the listener)'; but it is not clear if this distinction is archaic. With an adverbial suffix *-nV the stem means 'inside': And. hinu, Cham. ini (Gig. hini), Tind. hini.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-tnd,aandet-krt,aandet-btl,aandet-bgv,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *ha-/*ho-
Meaning: a deictic stem
Tsezi: ho-w-da
Ginukh: ha-go
Khvarshi: a-w-du (Radzhibov)
Inkhokvari: a-we-du,o-we-nu
Bezhta: hu-gi,ho-go
Gunzib: ǝ-g, o-gu
Comments: The stem is used only in conjunction with other demonstrative pronouns. Variants *ha-/*ho-/*ʔa-/*ʔo- are present, and although they may go back to different EC stems (with *h- and with *ʔ-) it is very hard to separate them from each other within Tsezian. A front vowel counterpart *ʔe- (ʔẽ-) is present in PTs *ʔẽ-du 'inside' (Tsez. idu 'at home', Khvarsh. ĩdu 'inside', Bezht. Tlad. ẽdö, Khosh. edo, Gunz. ẽdu) = PA *ħi-nV.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ha-
Meaning: a deictic (emphatic) stem
Lezghian: ha
Tabasaran: ha-tmu
Agul: ha-mi
Rutul: ha, he-mi
Tsakhur: ha-man
Archi: h-inc
Udi: ha-ke, ha-me
Comment: The stem is used separately only in Lezg. and Rut. (where it means 'that (already mentioned)'); in other languages it is added to other pronominal stems to emphasize their own meaning (in Arch. it is preserved only in h-inc 'now' = Ud. hajsa, Tab. hamus).
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: ha / hä
North Caucasian etymology: 2313
Meaning: she, that one (fem.)
Khinalug form: ha / hä
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,
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