Change viewing parameters
Select another database

Nakh etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Nakh: *ko
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: hand
Chechen: küg
Ingush: kulg
Batsbi: ko
Comments: The PN paradigm should be probably reconstructed as *ko (Bacb. ko, Chech., Ing. ka with vowel levelling - but cf. also Ing. ko 'handle', perhaps preserving the old direct stem), *kar- (cf. Chech. kara, Ing. kara "into one's hands", Bacb. obl. base with vowel levelling kor-). The stem ka is now preserved in Chech.-Ing. only in compounds, being replaced by a former diminutive *ku-leḳ (Ing. kulg) / *ku-ʔiḳ (Chech. küg, kǖga-). 3d class in Chech., Ing.

    Nakh *kuʔiḳ > Osset. ḳūx / ḳox 'hand', see Abayev 1958, 644.

nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,

Search within this database


North Caucasian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-North Caucasian: *kwīlʡɨ
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: hand
Proto-Nakh: *ko
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *kʷo-
Proto-Tsezian: *kʷɨrV
Proto-Lak: ka
Proto-Lezghian: *kʷil
Proto-Khinalug: kul
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular. The word often serves as first part of compounds, see under *HɫuŁV̄, *xaɫV, *χĕɫHe. In some cases it is hard to establish the etymology of the compound's second element (because of contractions and irregular transformations): this is the case with Av. Chad. kʷe-ʁ 'mitten', PA *kʷo-χa id., PGB *ko-sa (Gunz., Bezht. kosa) id.; Lak. kaṭa (Khosr. kʷaṭa; > Arch. kʷaṭi) 'glove', Darg. Chir. kuṭa 'mitten' (probably also < Lak.). Darg. preserves the root only within the compound *kʷi-leχ:a 'bracelet' (see under *lĕχ_V).

    Despite several attempts (Trubetzkoy 1930, Abdokov 1983) no secure WC parallels for this root can be observed.

caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-comment,

Search within this database


Avar-Andian etymology :

Search within this database
Protoform: *kʷo-
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 hand 2 in the hands 3 sleeve 4 mitten 5 handle
Avar: kʷer 1
Chadakolob: kʷer 1
Andian language: kʷo 5
Akhvakh: kʷa-ʎala 4
Chamalal: kʷa-di 2
Tindi: kʷa-ji 2
Botlikh: kʷa-du 2
Godoberi: kʷa-χa 3
Comments: Avar. paradigm A (kʷér-zul, kʷéra-l; Chad. kʷér-dul, kʷéra-l). Outside Avar the pure root has been preserved only in Andian (kʷo 'handle'); all other languages reflect an original locative form *kʷo-dV "in the hand(s)" ( = Av. ko-dó-b), as well as the compounds *kʷo-χ:al (cf. also Tind. kʷaχ:al "sleeve", Cham. kʷaχa id.) and *kʷo-ʎala (cf. also God. kʷaʎala "sleeve", And. kʷo-ʎir 'mitten'.). The form *kʷor- (with the original liquid) is preserved in the common Andian compound *kʷor-q̇:in 'bracelet' (And. kʷorq̇:in, Akhv. kʷãq̇:e, Cham. kʷaq̇:ĩ, Gig. koq̇:in, Tind. kʷaq̇:an); cf. also *kʷor-xVn 'bracelet' reflected in Av. kúrxen (Chad. with assimilation xúrxin). From Avar the latter word was borrowed in And. kurxen, Akhv. x:ux:i, Botl., Kar. kʷarxin, and, probably, Lak. kuIrš:an ( < *kuIrx:an) 'ring'. The second components in *kʷor-q̇:in and *kʷor-xVn are not yet clear.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-and,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-btl,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,

Search within this database


Tsezian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Tsezian: *kʷɨrV
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: hand
Ginukh: kʷezej
Bezhta:
Gunzib: koro
Comments: PGB *koro (cf. also Bezht. Tlad. koro), obl. *kɔ̃- (Bezht. ka-, Gunz. kɔ̃-). In PTs there must have coexisted oblique bases *kʷṼ- ( > PGB *kɔ̃-) and *kʷɨrV-z:a- > *kʷɨz:Vra- ( > Gin. kʷezej, kʷezera-); cf. PTs *ƛʷɨrV 'bone' with similar oblique base formation. The old oblique base *kʷṼ (shifted to direct) may be perhaps reflected in Gin. kʷe 'handle'.
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-gin,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,

Search within this database


Lak etymology :

Search within this database
Lak root: ka
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: hand
Lak form: ka
Comments: 4th class, obl. base ka-ni-. Cf. Khosr. kʷa. A derivate is Lak. kaniš, Khosr. kʷaniš 'braclet' (cf. the obl. base kʷani-) - borrowed in Arch. kʷeniši, Ag. kʷaniš.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,

Search within this database


Lezghian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Lezghian: *kʷil
North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology
Meaning: 1 hand 2 branch,cluster 3 elbow 4 switch, vine
Lezghian: kul 2
Tabasaran: kül-er 4
Agul: kul 2 (Burk.)
Rutul: kül-äg 3
Archi: kul 1
Udi: kul 1
Comment: The original meaning 'hand' is preserved in Ud. and Arch. (also in the Rut. derivate), while in the rest of languages it shifted to 'branch'. In Arch. the word is characterized by a unique (and as yet unexplained) alternation -l-/-r- (cf. the oblique stem kura-, pl. kur-ʁul). The PL obl. stem had been *kʷilɨ- (to judge from Ag. kulu-). The word belongs to the 4th class in Rut. and Arch. Cf. also Ud. köj 'sleeve' (a derived form < *kʷil(V)j-).

    See Trubetzkoy 1930, 86; Лексика 1971, 124; Гигинейшвили 1977, 69, 80; Талибов 1980, 288.

lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-lzg,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,

Search within this database


Khinalug etymology :

Search within this database
Khinalug root: kul
North Caucasian etymology: 268
Meaning: hand
Khinalug form: kul
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,

Search within this database


Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *kwīlʡɨ́
Meaning: hand, elbow
North Caucasian: *kwīlʡɨ
Sino-Tibetan: *Kru
Comments and references : Different in WFR 26, BCD 24. See notes under *χV̆ɫHe. Cf. PND *k'ial-eʔ 'arm, leg'?
sccet-meaning,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-notes,

Search within this database


Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Search within this database
Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Kru
Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology
Meaning: elbow
Tibetan: khru cubit (from elbow to end of middle finger), gru-mo elbow.
Lepcha: kjŭ a measure of about a span
Comments: Trung kru1-mu1 arm; Kanauri kru-tś; Thebor kru elbow. Sh. 133.
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-tib,stibet-lepcha,stibet-comments,

Search within this database

Select another database
Change viewing parameters
Total pages generatedPages generated by this script
5606701407030
Help
StarLing database serverPowered byCGI scripts
Copyright 1998-2003 by S. StarostinCopyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov
Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov