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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔuʔul / *ʔuʔul-t:
Meaning: 1 hole 2 window
Tabasaran: ulž 1,2
Agul: uʔul 1
Comment: Cf. also Tab. Düb. uldu 'window, hole' (lit. ulž reflects *ʔuld with a palatalisation before the front vowel of the oblique base); Ag. Fit. ulud 'burrow', Burk. ul-am 'cavern'.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-comment,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *ʔwǝ̆lV
Meaning: hole
Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ʔVrV Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. The PL form is reduplicated (with the reduplication well preserved in Ag.). PN has a regular -r- before the diminutive *-iḳ; -r in Bacb. ʕür is probably an analogical back-formation (or a result of merger with PN *ōr 'pit', see below). The Avar word may be alternatively compared with PN *ōr 'pit' (Chech. or, obl. ōra-, Ing. or); a borrowing Nakh < Avar is also not excluded. However, Abayev (1989, 95) is certainly wrong in supposing that Chech., Av. or is borrowed from Osset. wärm 'pit, cellar' (a word of Iranian origin, borrowed in Georg. ormo).
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-nakh,caucet-aand,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,
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Nakh etymology :
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Proto-Nakh: *ʡur(-iḳ)
Meaning: hole
Chechen: ʕürg
Ingush: ʕurg
Batsbi: ʕür (Matsiyev)
Comments: 3d class in Chech., Ing., 4th class in Bacb. The Chech.-Ing. form contains a diminutive *-iḳ.
nakhet-prnum,nakhet-meaning,nakhet-che,nakhet-ing,nakhet-bcb,nakhet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *ʔVrV
Meaning: ditch
Avar: or
Comments: Av. paradigm A or C (pl. óra-l).
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *ʔula
Meaning: window
Akusha: ula (Gapsh.)
Comments: The word is used in urq̇lu ula 'window' (for the first part cf. Ak. ulq̇laj 'window').
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ʔwǝ̆lV́
Meaning: hole, grave
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-buru,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *rĭw
Meaning: pierce, burrow
Kachin: (H) khru to pierce.
Lushai: hreuʔ to burrow, bore (cf. also hreu bear's nest).
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,
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Yenisseian etymology :
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Proto-Yenisseian: *ʔol (~x-)
Meaning: grave
Ket: baŋuĺ5,6, pl. baŋɨĺaŋ5 (Werner 1, 105: báŋoĺ)
Yug: baŋɨl5,6, pl. baŋɨlɨŋ5
Kottish: ol, pl. ōlaŋ
Comments: ССЕ 197. Ket and Yug reflect a compound with *baʔŋ 'earth'; Kott. ol is also present in ol-tēg 'swamp'. Werner 1, 105 treats the second component as = *ʔoʔoL 'container' (q.v.), but separates the Kottish word. Elsewhere (2, 48) it is compared with Ket ɔʔĺ 'hull, suffusion' (see *ʔoʔl) - for quite obscure reasons.
yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,
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Burushaski etymology :
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Common Burushaski: *-úl-kiṣ
Meaning: nest, hole
Yasin: -́lkiṣ
Hunza: -úlgiṣ
Nagar: -úlgiṣ
buruet-prnum,buruet-meaning,buruet-yas,buruet-hun,buruet-ngr,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : HVLV
Meaning : hollow, cavity
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *HVlwV
Meaning: hollow
Comments: Sib. forms presuppose the meaning 'inside of the mouth'.
References: The Drav. form is derived in ND 35 from *ʔuh(V)ĺV 'hut' which hardly exists, see *aHulV. nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-chuk,nostret-notes,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *aul-o-
Meaning: tube, pipe, hollow stem
Tokharian: B auloñ (n.pl.) 'blood vessels' (Adams 134)
Old Greek: au̯ló-s m. `Röhre, röhrenartiger Körper, Flote'; ion., att. au̯lṓn m./f. `höhlenartige Gegend, Schlucht, Tal, Graben'
Baltic: *aũl-a- m., *aûl-ia- (1) c., *awil-ia- c., *aûl-iā̃ (1) f.
Latin: alvus f. (/m.) `Höhlung, Wölbung, Unterleib, Bauch, Gehäuse des Granatapfels'
Russ. meaning: трубка, дудка, полый стебель
Comments: ?? Cf. Hitt hallu- 'tief': Tischler 135-136
piet-prnum,piet-meaning,piet-tokh,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-germ,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,piet-comment,
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Vasmer's dictionary :
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Word: у́лей,
Near etymology: род. п. у́лья, у́лея, укр. ву́лiй, род. п. -лiя, ву́лик, русск. -цслав. улии, болг. у́лей "улей, дерево с дуплом, водосток, корыто", сербохорв. у́љеви м., мн., "пчелиный выводок", словен. úlj м. "дуплистое дерево, улей", чеш. úl, слвц. ul᾽ "улей", польск. ul, н.-луж. hul "выдолбленное дерево, улей", полаб. väul.
Further etymology: Родственно лит. aulỹs, avilỹs "улей", лтш. aũlis "улей из еловой коры или пустой колоды", др.-прусск. aulis "голень", aulinis "голенище", греч. αὑλός "труба, дудка", ἔναυλος "углубление, ров", норв. диал. аul м. "трубка, стебель", лат. alvus "полость, брюхо", alveus "полость, корыто, улей"; см. И. Шмидт, Vok. 2, 416; Лиден, Stud. 83; Мейе, Ét. 420; Готьо, МSL 16, 274; Траутман, ВSW 18; Арr. Sprd. 307; Перссон 541 и сл.; Буга, РФВ, 75, 151; М.--Э. 1, 223; Шпехт, KZ 69, 136 и сл.; Младенов 651; Педерсен, KZ 39, 459; Брандт, РФВ 25, 34; Френкель, Lit. Wb. 25 и сл.
Pages: 4,158-159
vasmer-general,vasmer-origin,vasmer-pages,
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Germanic etymology :
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Proto-Germanic: *iulēn; *aul=; *ulēn
Meaning: hollow stalk
Old Norse: { hvann-jōli m. `Stengel der Engelwurz (A. archangelica)' }, NIsl heim-ula `Rumex domesticus';
Norwegian: aul, aule `hohler Pflanzenstengel'
germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-onord,germet-norw,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 146
Root: au-lo-s (: ēu-l-)
English meaning: tube, hole
German meaning: `Röhre, längliche Höhlung'
Material: Gr. αὐλός m. `Rohrflöte, längliche Höhlung', ἔν-αυλος m. `Flußbett', αὐλών m. f. `Bergtal, Schlucht, Graben, Kanal, Meerenge'; aksl. ulьjь, lit. aulỹs und sekundär avilỹs `Bienenstock', ursprüngl. die Höhlung im Baum, in der sich der Schwarm ansiedelt, aksl. ulica f. `Gasse, Straßein geschlossenen Ortschaften (*enger Hohlweg)', lit. aũlas f., apr. aulinis `Stiefelschaft', apr.aulis `Schienbein'. Arm. uɫ, uɫi `Weg' und (vgl. die Bed. `Bauch' von lat. alvus) yɫi `schwanger' (mit Ablaut ū, Pedersen KZ. 39, 459; Ableitungen uɫarkem und ylem `schicke')*);
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*) Das arm. Wort mit der Ablautstufe idg. ū̆. Ob mit derselben auch lett. ula, ulá `Radnabe'? (wäre das `röhrenförmige Loch', in dem die Achse eingefügt ist; Lidén IF. 19, 321).
----------------------
nnorw. aul, aule und (mit idg. ēu- als Hochstufe zu au-) jōl `angelica silvestris', anord.(huann-) jōli `der hohle Stengel (der angelica archangelica)', beide Pflanzen heißen in Norwegenauch sløke, dessen Grundbed. ebenfalls `Rohr' ist (Falk-Torp 474 und 1492 unter jol und dem von Schroeder zum germ. Ablaut 58 f. ebenfalls berangezogenen Schiffsnamen jolle).
Hierher mit lat. Umstellung von aul- zu alu̯- auch alvus m. f. `Höhlung, Wölbung, Unterleib, Bauch', alveus `längliche Vertiefung, Höhlung; Wanne, Mulde, Trog; Bienenkorb; Flußbett', obwohl Zeit und Begrenzung der Umstellung noch gänzlich unklar sind (s. Thurneysen IF. 21, 177, Sommer Hdb.2 78).
References: WP. I 25 f., WH. I 34 f., anders Banateanu REtlE 1, 122.
Pages: 88-89
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *i̯ùlò
Meaning: hollow, hole, intestine
Russian meaning: полый, дыра, внутренность
Comments: Turkic and Mongolian reflect a common derivative *i̯ùlò-kV.
altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *oluk
Meaning: gutter; hollowed-out tree trunk
Russian meaning: желоб; выдолбленный древесный ствол
Turkish: oluk
Tatar: ulaq
Middle Turkic: oluq (IM, AH) Uighur: olaq
Chuvash: volъ 'tree-trunk'
Noghai: olɨq
Bashkir: ulaq
Karaim: oluq
Comments: EDT 136-137, ЭСТЯ 1, 451, Мудрак Дисс. 125, 131, Ашм. V, 263, Федотов 1, 99, 130. There also exists a similar - but originally different - form *og(u)l-, *ogluk, reflected in Chag. oɣluq, Tur. dial., Gag. holluq, Chuv. valak, Yak. (Пек.) uoluk, uol-ba, with natural contaminations. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uig,turcet-chv,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-krmx,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *(h)olugaj
Meaning: thick intestine
Russian meaning: толстая кишка
Written Mongolian: oluɣai (L 609) Khalkha: olgoj
Buriat: olgoj
Ordos: ologȫ
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-ord,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ül-
Meaning: 1 fistula, hollow nutshell 2 anus
Russian meaning: 1 свищ, пустой орех 2 anus
Even: ịmnị 2
Literary Manchu: ulu 1
Oroch: īlmini 2
Comments: ТМС 1, 313; 2, 263. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evn,tunget-man,tunget-orc,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *ùruà
Meaning: hollow, hollow tree-trunk
Russian meaning: дупло, полый древесный ствол
Tokyo: uró, ùro
Kyoto: úrò
Kagoshima: uró
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *ùḷo-
Meaning : inside
Proto-South Dravidian: *uḷ Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *uL- Proto-North Dravidian : *ul-ā dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-ndr,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *uḷ
Meaning : inside
Tamil : uḷ
Tamil meaning : inside, interior of a place, mind, heart; a locative ending
Tamil derivates : uḷḷam mind, heart, intention, thought, soul; uḷḷakam mind, heart; uḷḷal intention, thought; uḷḷu (uḷḷi-) to think, think on, remember; uḷku (uḷki-) to think
Malayalam : uḷḷu
Malayalam meaning : inside, whatever is inside; locative ending
Malayalam derivates : uḷḷam, uḷḷakam inside, mind
Kannada : uḷ
Kannada meaning : the inside
Kannada derivates : oḷ the inside; in, into; oḷa, oḷavu the inside; oḷagu that is inside, the inside; heart; in, into; oḷage in the inside, in, into
Kodagu : oḷɨ
Kodagu meaning : the inside
Kodagu derivates : uḷḷɨ inner thought, that which is in the mind
Tulu : uḷa
Tulu meaning : inside, inner part
Tulu derivates : uḷā̆yi in, into; oḷa inner, internal; (B-K.) oḷavu the mind, secret, thought
Number in DED : 0698
sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-kodder,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *uḷ
Meaning : the inside; in, into
Kota : uḷ
Toda : uɫ̣
Additional forms : Also Kota oḷg-l, oḷk (< oḷg-k) within the time before (something happens); uḷpaṛ- (uḷpaṭ-) to obey; Toda uḷpoṛ- (uḷpoṭ-) to agree (-k to)
Number in DED : 698
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *ḷō-/*ull-
Meaning : the heart, mind
Telugu : ullamu
Telugu (Krishnamurti) : lōn-agu "to come under one's control"
Additional forms : Also lō in, inside; inner, internal, inside; lō̃ga within, in, inside; lō̃gaḍa interior, past time; [1] lō̃gali, [2] lō̃gili interior of a house, house; lōnu the inside, heart, mind; lōna, (inscr.) oḷana (7th cent.), ḷōna (9-10th cent.) within, inside, inwardly; lōpala within, in, inside; ? [1] lō̃gu, [2] loŋgu, [3] lō̃baḍu to yield, submit, be subdued, retreat; lō̃kuva subordination, subjection; subordinate, subject to; lō̃cu to subdue; (K) loggu to be humbled, subdue
Number in DED : 698
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_kr,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *uL-
Meaning : inside
Kolami : lōpal "the inside; in, inside"
Naikri : lōpa
Naiki : lopun
Parji : ole(k) "house"
Ollari Gadba : ule "house"
Salur Gadba : ullen "house"
Additional forms : Also Naikri lōpal the inside
Notes : Reduction in the derivative *ul-ōpa-.
Number in DED : 698
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-naiki,kogaet-parji,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-salur,kogaet-addition,kogaet-notes,kogaet-dednum,
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Gondwan etymology :
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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *ḷō-
Meaning : inside
gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-kui,
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Gondi etymology :
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Proto-Gondi : *ḷō-
Meaning : house
Betul Gondi : rōn (obl. rōt-)
Mandla Gondi (Williamson) : rōn (obl. rōt-)
Mandla Gondi (Phailbus) : rōn (obl. rōt-)
Muria Gondi : lōn
Maria Gondi : lōn
Koya Gondi : lōn
Maria Gondi (Mitchell) : lōn
Adilabad Gondi : rōn (obl. rōt-)
Additional forms : Also Gondi_Mu lōta wife; Gondi_S lōtad (pl. lōtav) female member of a house; lōtur male member of a house; Gondi_Tr rōpā within; Gondi_Ph ropā, roppā, roppāṭe, rappoṛ inside; Gondi_W ropā inside, within; Gondi_Y ropo, Gondi_G, Gondi_S lopo, Gondi_Mu lappa, Gondi_M lopa inside
Number in DED : 698
Number in CVOTGD : 3077, 3071
gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_tr,gonet-gondi_w,gonet-gondi_ph,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-gondi_ko,gonet-gondi_m,gonet-gondi_a,gonet-addition,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,
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Konda etymology :
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Konda : loʔi, loʔo
Meaning: inside
Number in DED : 698
konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-dednum,
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Kui-Kuwi etymology :
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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *ḷōʔi
Meaning : within; beneath
Kui : lai "within, inside; below"
Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : rō'i "beneath"
Kuwi (Schulze) : loi "below"
Kuwi (Israel) : ṛō'i "under"
Additional forms : Also Kui laiki to the inside of, within; towards a point below, below; lai lai within, below, in secret, secretly; laiṭi from within, within, from below, below
Notes : NB: PK initial *ḷ- > Kui l-; PK *l- > Kui ḍ-.
Number in DED : 698
kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_isr,kuiet-addition,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,
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North Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-North-Dravidian : *ul-ā
Meaning : inner, inside
Kurukh : ulā "inner room; in, inside"
Malto : ule "inside, within"
Additional forms : Also KUR oṛOgnā, oṛgaʔānā to believe, think, fancy, assume ('inside' - 'entrails' - 'heart' - 'mind'???); MLT ugli heart, mind; ugleye to think, wish, care for; uglare to remember; uglatre to remind.
Number in DED : 698
ndret-meaning,ndret-prnum,ndret-kur,ndret-mlt,ndret-addition,ndret-dednum,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *ulu
Meaning: tongue
Russian meaning: язык
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *ulu
Meaning: tongue 1, language 2
Russian Meaning: язык (анатом.) 1, язык, речь 2
Sirenik: úɫa, ula 1, 2
Chaplino: ulú (t) 1, 2
Naukan: úlu 1
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: uluq 1
Chugach (AAY): KP uluk 1
Chugach (Birket-Smith): ulu 1
Central Alaskan Yupik: ulu 1
Nunivak (Peripheral): ulu* 1
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 367
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-chug,yupet-chgm,yupet-cay,yupet-nun,yupet-ced,
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Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *'ijɫǝ (~ *j-, -ɫ́'-)
Meaning (Rus.): язык
kamet-prnum,kamet-meaning,kamet-chuk,kamet-itel,
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Chukchee-Koryak etymology :
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Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *ʒiʒɫǝ "
Meaning (Rus.): язык 1, похожий на язык (утес) 2, сплетничать 3
Chukchee: jíliil, jílǝjil " 1
Koryak: jiɫǝ " 1
Palan: jiɫǝ=, jiĺǝ= 1, jic-vǝrrǝ-n 2
Alutor: jīlǝ-jil ", jīlǝ-t du., jīl-uwwi pl., jīĺǝ-piĺ, qa-jīcǝ-n dim. 1, jīĺǝ-tku-, jīĺǝ-cʔat- 3
Comments: Алют. jīĺǝ-cacvǝŋ-cit- 'спорить друг с другом' из jīlǝ-ta-tvǝ-ŋ-cit-.
chuket-prnum,chuket-meaning,chuket-chu,chuket-kor,chuket-pal,chuket-alu,chuket-comments,
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Itelmen etymology :
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Proto-Itelmen: *ɫčil, *'ičil
Meaning (Rus.): язык
Itelmen: ɫčil
Itelmen meaning: язык
West Itelmen: 'ičil, ĺčil [lčǝĺĺa*]
West Itelmen meaning: lingua, sermo
West Itelmen meaning (Polish): język, mowa, gwara
South Itelmen: ničil [ničiĺ*]
South Itelmen meaning (Latin): lingua
South Itelmen meaning (Polish): język
Number in Volodin 1976: 36
Comments: Зап. камч. формы восходят к старому редупликату, давшему основу типа 'il-čil < *jil'-jil.
itelet-prnum,itelet-meaning,itelet-ite,itelet-itemea,itelet-wit,itelet-witmea,itelet-witmep,itelet-sit,itelet-sitmea,itelet-sitmep,itelet-vol,itelet-comments,
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Afroasiatic etymology :
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Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *ʕawil-
Meaning: vagina
Notes: Cf. Arb. ɣyl 'cohabiter avec une femme qui allaite un enfant' BK 2 525
afaset-meaning,afaset-wch,afaset-bed,afaset-agw,afaset-notes,
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West Chadic etymology :
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Proto-WChadic: *Hiwal-
Meaning: 'vagina' 1, 'testiculi' 2
Karekare: ʔílàà 2 [CLR: 322]
Dera=Kanakuru: yúwúlá 2 [CLR]
Burma: hwàl 1 [Kr N 64]
Sayanchi: walla 2 [KR N 65]
Fyer: wul 1 [JgR]
wchet-prnum,wchet-meaning,wchet-krk,wchet-der,wchet-brm,wchet-say,wchet-fyr,
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Bedauye (Beja) etymology :
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Bedauye: ʔawil
Meaning: 'vagina'
bedet-prnum,bedet-meaning,
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Central Cushitic (Agaw) etymology :
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Proto-Agaw: *ʕawil-
Meaning: 'vagina'
Bilin: ʕawil-too
agwet-prnum,agwet-meaning,agwet-bil,
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