Lak etymology :

Lak root: hurt:u-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: common, joint, collective

Lak form: hurt:u-s:a

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ɣwār(V)tV̆

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: group, flock

Proto-Nakh: *ʁāri

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *gʷVrV

Proto-Lak: hurt:u-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʁa(r)t:V-r-

Proto-West Caucasian: *k:ʷarǝta

Notes: For PEC we must reconstruct an intermediate form (with assimilation) *ɣwārdV̆. Some Caucasian source is probable for Osset. ḳord / ḳʷard 'group, flock' (despite Abayev 1958 who suggested to derive the Osset. form from Got. *kaurdr 'herd' - an impossible form - and proposed further the direction of borrowing Osset. > Adygh. A reverse direction is more probable in this case, although phonetic problems still remain). A special problem is the etymology of PL *ḳareṭ 'group, herd' (Tab. ḳereṭ, Ag. ḳaraṭ, Lezg. ḳereṭ): it can not be derived from *ɣwārdV̆ ( > Arch. ʁat:ǝra) and may be, in fact, a secondary loan from Ossetian (Alanian).

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *ʁāri

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: band, gang

Chechen: ʁēra

Ingush: ʁär

Batsbi: ʁajrĭ

Comments: 4th class in all languages.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *gʷVrV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: crowd, medley

Avar: gúri

Comments: Av. paradigm C (gurá-l, gúra-bi). The Avar source is most probable for Osset. gʷɨr / gur 'crowd' (see Abayev 1958, 531).

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *ʁa(r)t:V-r-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: herd of cattle

Archi: ʁat:ǝra

Comment: Attested only in Archi, but having probable external parallels.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *k:ʷarǝta

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: flock of sheep

Abkhaz: a-gʷárta

Abaza: gʷarta

Adyghe: kʷart

Kabardian: gʷārta

Comments: PAT *gʷarǝta; PAK *k:ʷárta.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *ɣwārtV̆

Meaning: group

North Caucasian: *ɣwār(V)tV̆

Sino-Tibetan: *krot ( ~ q-)

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *krot ( ~ q-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: crowd

Tibetan: khrod crowd, assemblage, mass.

Kachin: (H) krot, ǝkrot be crowded out.

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