Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *q:Iamc:i

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: corner

Akusha: q:aImzi

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *GɦV̆nVc̣_ā (~-ǝ̄)

Meaning: hook

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ʁVnc̣V / *ʁVnc̣:V

Proto-Dargwa: *q:Iamc:i

Proto-Lezghian: *q:Ia[n]c̣(a)

Proto-West Caucasian: *ʁIanǝc:a

Notes: The root is expressive (KV(R)CV structure) and contains two stops, thus there are some irregularities in reflexation. However, it is not borrowed and must be reconstructed for PNC. Note that it has penetrated some geographically close languages: cf. Turk. kanǯa, Osset. xäʒ 'hook'. One could also compare Ing. ʁoz 'ring' - which should be kept apart from Chech. hoz id. (phonetically absolutely incompatible).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *ʁVnc̣V / *ʁVnc̣:V

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 hook 2 molar tooth

Avar: ʁanc̣á 1

Akhvakh: ʁʷenc̣:i 2

Comments: Av. paradigm B (ʁanc̣á-dul, ʁunc̣-bí). There are some irregularities (usual for expressive roots with two stops): excessive labialisation in Akhv., variation between *c̣and *c̣:. The Av. word is also borrowed into several And. languages (Kar. Anch., Cham., God. ʁanc̣a).

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *q:Ia[n]c̣(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 hook 2 horn

Tabasaran: ʁIaʁIac 1

Udi: q:Ianc: 2

Comment: There are some irregularities due to the root's expressive nature. Arch. qanc̣a 'hook put on shoes in slippery weather' is probably not genuinely cognate, but rather borrowed from Old Avar.

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *ʁIanǝc:a

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hook

Ubykh: ʁIā́nca

Comments: Isolated in Ub., but having good EC parallels.

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