North Caucasian etymology : List with all references

Comments: Isolated in Gin., but having probable external parallels (the Gin. form should be kept distinct from Inkh. =uḳale 'curved, humpbacked', see under PEC *=V̆ḳVl).

cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-gin,cezet-comment,

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Lak etymology :

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Lak root: =a=č:a- / =a=č:i-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to bend, become curved

Lak form: =a=č:a-n / -i-n

Comments: G. pr. =a=k:u-nu; Khosr. =a=č:a-n, aor. =a=k:un-di. Cf. also =a=k:u-s:a, Khosr. =a=k:u-s:a 'curved, hooked'.

laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,

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Dargwa etymology :

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Proto-Dargwa: *=ark:ʷ- /*r-urk:-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to wrap

Akusha: =argʷ- / rurg-

Comments: The form is cited from the Ur. dialect (in Uslar's recording).

darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,

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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔik:ʷar-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to bend 2 hooked, curved, bent

Archi: gʷa-s 1

Udi: k:ori 2

Comment: The -r-conjugation is regularly lost in Archi, but is preserved in the derived Udi adjective. Cf. also Arch. gu-t:u- 'hooked, curved'.

lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,

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Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

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Proto-West-Caucasian: *gV ( ~ *ǵ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to twist, spin (thread)

Adyghe: ǯ́ǝ-n, ǯ́a-n

Kabardian: ǯǝ-n, ǯa-n

Comments: PAK *gǝ- (trans.), *ga- (intrans.).

abadet-prnum,abadet-meaning,abadet-adg,abadet-kab,abadet-comment,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *=ígwVr (*gwV́rV)

Meaning: to bend

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *=ig(w)Vr

Sino-Tibetan: *kuar

Yenisseian: *kǝʔr- (~g-)

Basque: *bihur̄-

Comments and references : HGC 39, NSC 53 *-gwVrV, WFR 105. Most probably - same root as *gwērV 'roll'.

sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-yen,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *kuar

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bend, droop, coil

Chinese: � *g_ʷar walk with bent body [since Han].

Tibetan: dgur, rgur, sgur crooked.

Burmese: kunh to bend down.

Kachin: thiŋkun³ be bent, kun² coil.

Lushai: kūr to bend down, to droop, KC *kūr.

Lepcha: khár, khár-lă hanging down head, as when ashamed

Comments: PG *kur be bent. Sh. 409; Luce 57.

stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-tib,stibet-burm,stibet-kach,stibet-lush,stibet-lepcha,stibet-comments,

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Chinese characters :

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Character: �

Modern (Beijing) reading: quán

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)ʷar

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)wan

Western Han Chinese: g(h)wan

Eastern Han Chinese: g(h)wan

Early Postclassic Chinese: g(h)wen

Middle Postclassic Chinese: g(h)wen

Late Postclassic Chinese: g(h)wen

Middle Chinese: gwen

English meaning : walk with bent body [Han]

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,

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Yenisseian etymology :

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Proto-Yenisseian: *kǝʔr- (~g-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: bent, bend; to wind, spool

Ket: kъ̄ĺtǝ (North.), South. kъ̄ĺt 'river bend'; (КРС) kʌĺ-dij 'to bend (tr., itr.)'; kʌiĺ⁵ ( < *kǝ-kiĺ) "clew, skein", (КРС) -kiĺ / -giĺ / -geĺ "to spool"; (Werner 1, 463) kʌʔĺ 'crooked, bent'

Yug: kʌlgej⁵ 'sinuous (shore)', kʌlgit⁵, pl. kʌlaŋ^5,6 "river bend"; (Werner 1, 463) kʌʔĺ 'crooked, bent'

Kottish: fa-ča-gar 'winding, spooling', fō-čagaraŋ 'to wind, spool', praet. fō-la-čagaraŋ.

Comments: ССЕ 237. Werner 1, 461 <*kǝʔl>; Werner doubts the relationship of Kott. -ča-gar, and also does not list the Ket verb -kiĺ, while the noun kʌiĺ⁵ is given on p. 460 without etymology. Werner 1, 436 also has a word Ket kīĺ (pl. kīĺaŋ) 'Zwirn, Faden'; however, on p. 1, 426 the form kīĺaŋ is analyzed as kiʔ 'yarn' + ĺaʔŋ 'hank, skein', so this kīĺ may be a result of re-analyzing the form kīĺaŋ, and thus may be unrelated to the present root.

yenet-prnum,yenet-meaning,yenet-ket,yenet-sym,yenet-kot,yenet-notes,

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Basque etymology :

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Proto-Basque: *bihur̄-

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to bend, twist 2 to turn 3 to return, come back 4 bent, curved

Araban: biur-tu 1

Bizkaian: bior-tu, biur-tu 1, 2, 3, biurri 4

Gipuzkoan: biur-tu, bior-tu 1, 3, biurri 4

High Navarrese: biur-tu, bior-tu 1, biurri 4

Low Navarrese: bihur-tu 1, 3, bihurri 4

Salazarese: biurri 4

Lapurdian: bihur-tu 1, 3, bihurri 4

Baztanese: biurri 4

Zuberoan: bühür-tu 1, 3, bühürri 4

Roncalese: biur-tu 1, 2, 3, biurri 4

Comments: There are other, more abstract, meanings, such as 'to translate' (languages), 'to convert' (religion), etc. For semantics, cf. *e=cuɫi 'to turn'. This is one of the words in which PSC *gw or *Gw has changed to Bsq *b (in the environment of high vowels).

basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-arb,basqet-bzk,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-bzt,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : KVRV

Meaning : to bend, turn

Eurasiatic : *KUrV

Sino-Caucasian : *=igwV́r

Austric : PAA *kVr 'bow', PAN *tikur 'bend, curve'

African (misc.) : Bantu *-gàd- 'turn'.

Notes : Nivkh. *qori 'накрениться', *χori 'наклонить'.

Reference : МССНЯ 336, ОСНЯ 1, 240.

globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-austr,globet-afr,globet-notes,globet-reference,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *KUrV

Meaning: to turn round

Indo-European: *k'werǝp-

Altaic: *ki̯ṓr[i] (cf. also *ki̯úŕu)

Dravidian: *koṛ- (also SDr *kuruḷ- 'to curl')

Eskimo-Aleut: *akra-ɣ- (*aqra-ʁ-) ?

References: ND 1187 *ḳüRpV 'to turn (round, toward)' (+ Arab. and dub. Eg.).

nostret-meaning,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *k'werǝp-

Meaning: to turn

Old Indian: śū́rpa- n. m. `a winnowing basket or fan'

Old Greek: karpó-s `Handwurzel'

Germanic: *xwírf-a-/*xwirb-á- vb., *xwarb-ia- vb., *xwarb-ṓ-; *xwarb-á- m.; *xwirb-íl-a- m.; *xur[f]-ō- vb.

Celtic: MIr corr `Wasserloch', corrach `unbeständig'

Russ. meaning: вертеть(ся)

References: WP I 472 f

piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-greek,piet-germ,piet-celt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Germanic etymology :

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Proto-Germanic: *xwírfan-/*xwirbán- vb., caus. *xwarbian-, iter. xwarbṓn-; *xwarbá-z; *xwirbíla-z; *xur[f]ōn- vb.

Meaning: to turn, to wind

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: *hʷɛrban st. `live, walk'; *hʷarbōn wk. `walk about'; *ga-hʷairb-s (a) `amenable'

Old Norse: hverfa st. `sich wenden; gehen, fahren'; hverfr; hvirfil-l m. `Wirbel, Ring; Scheitel'; hvarf `das Verschwinden'; hverfa wk. `wenden, kehren'; horfa wk. `sich wenden zu; sehen, blicken'; hvarfa f. `Weidenring'; hvarfa wk. `umherstreifen, wandern'

Norwegian: kverva vb. tr., itr.; kvirvel; horva vb.; kverva f.

Old Swedish: hvärva vb.

Swedish: värva `(an)werben'; virvel; dial. hvärva tr.; virvel

Old Danish: hverve tr.; horfe, horve vb.

Danish: hvirvel

Old English: hweorfan `sich kehren, wenden, reisen, sich ändern'; hwearf m. `Austausch, Wechsel'; caus. hwierfan; hwearfian; hwyrfel

Old Frisian: hwerva `zich draaien, zich wenden, toewallen, handel drijven'

Old Saxon: hwervan `sich drehen, zurückkehren, wandeln'; hwarf `Kreis, Menschenmenge'; caus. hwerbian; harvon

Middle Dutch: werven (warf), warven, waerven `draaeien; zijn best doen voor iets; onstaan, toenemen', tr. `verweren; bewerkrn; doen, handelen; veroorzaken; aanwerven; winnen, verdienen'; wervel m.

Dutch: werven; wervel

Middle Low German: werven, warven `sich drehen, tätig sein, betreiben, ausrichten, vollführen'; wervel

Old High German: (h)werban st. (9.Jh.) `sich drehen, wenden, umkehren, einhergehen, sich bemühen'; { wirvil }, (h)wirbil `Kreisel, drehbares Gerät, Wirbelwind'; werbil `Wirbel'; warb `Wendung, Umdrehung, kreissförmiger Kampfplatz; caus. (h)werben; (h)warbōn

Middle High German: wërben, wërven st. intr. `sich (in einer kreislinie, um eine achse) bewegen, drehen; sich umtun, bemühen, tätig sein'; refl. 'seinen weg nehmen (vin den flüssigkeitwn im körper); geschehen', tr. 'in bewegung setzen; (durch einen boten) berufen, einladen, bestellen'; wirbel st. m. `wirbel, scheitel; wendeltreppe; kreisförmige Bewegung von Wasser und Luft'; warp (-b-), warf st. m. 'drehung, wendung'

German: werben; Wirbel m.

germet-meaning,germet-prnum,germet-got,germet-onord,germet-norw,germet-oswed,germet-swed,germet-odan,germet-dan,germet-oengl,germet-ofris,germet-osax,germet-mdutch,germet-dutch,germet-mlg,germet-ohg,germet-mhg,germet-hg,

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Pokorny's dictionary :

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Number: 1073

Root: ku̯erp-, auch kuerb-

English meaning: to turn, wind

German meaning: `sich drehen'

Material: Gr. καρπός `Handwurzel' (Drehpunkt der Hand), καρπάλιμος `behende, schnell' (Bildung wie εἰδάλιμος; Schwund des u̯ durch Diss. gegen den ausl. Labial); daneben mit ausl. Media κύρβις `drehbarer Pfeiler mit Gesetztafeln';

tiefstufig wohl mir. carr f., cymr. par m. `Speer' (Stokes ZceltPh. 1, 172; vgl. etwa tela vibrāre, fulmina torquēre);

got. ƕaírban `περιπατει̃ν' (ƕeilaƕaírbs `wetterwendisch', gaƕaírbs `gehorsam'), anord. hverfa `sich drehen, kehren, verschwinden', ags. hweorfan `sich wenden, reisen, sich ändern', as. hwerƀan `sich drehen, zurückkehren wandeln', ahd. hwerban, hwerfan `sich wenden, zurückkehren, (um etwas herum) tätig sein'; trans. `in Bewegung setzen, betreiben', nhd. werben (vgl. z. Bed. lat. ambīre), got. usw. ƕarbōn `wandeln', woneben tiefstufig anord. horfa `sich wenden, denken, gehören' (*hwurƀōn), Kaus. anord. hverfa, as. hwerƀian, ags. hwierfan, ahd. werban `wandeln', anord. hverfr `schnell', hvirfill, ahd. wirvil, wirbil `Wirbel' (und ahd. werbil aus *hwarbila- ds.), as. hwarf `Kreis, Menschenmenge', ahd. warb `Wendung, Umdrehung kreisförmiger Kampfplatz', ags. hwearf m. `Austausch, Wechsel', anord hwarf `das Verschwinden';

toch. A kārp- `herabsteigen', В kā̆rp- `sich wenden nach, gehen'.

References: WP. I 472 f.

Pages: 631

PIE database: PIE database

pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,

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Altaic etymology :

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Proto-Altaic: *ki̯ṓr[i]

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to roll, churn

Russian meaning: крутить, помешивать

Turkic: *Kiār-

Mongolian: *kor- / *kör-

Tungus-Manchu: *kur-

Japanese: *kurum-

Comments: EAS 147, Poppe 107, Ozawa 204. An expressive root with not quite secure vocalic correspondences. Cf. also notes to *k`úlo.

altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,

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Turkic etymology :

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Proto-Turkic: *Kiār-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to mix

Russian meaning: смешивать

Karakhanid: qar- (MK Oghuz)

Turkish: kar-

Middle Turkic: qar- (Abush.)

Uzbek: qɔr-

Turkmen: Gār-

Chuvash: jor-, jur-

Karakalpak: qarɨ-

Comments: ЭСТЯ 5, 285, EDT 642-643, Ашм. IV, 351-352, Федотов 2, 490-491.

turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-trm,turcet-chv,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *kor- / *kör-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to roll, rotate 2 to bend, become twisted 3 to wrinkle, become curved 4 to whirl (of water, wind)

Russian meaning: 1 крутить, вращать 2 гнуть, изгибаться 3 морщиться, искривляться 4 вертеться, кружиться (о воде, ветре)

Written Mongolian: körböl-, körbüge- 1 (L 490: körbe-, körbü-, körbi-), qorbaji-, qorbuji- 2 (L 988: qorbuji-, qurbuji-), qorčaji- 3 (L 965), qorulǯa- 4

Middle Mongolian: korbe- (SH) 1, kurbe- 'to wallow' (MA)

Khalkha: xorvoj- 3, xörvö- 'to turn over, to upset'; xorlo 'circle-shaped object'

Buriat: xoršogor 'wrinkled, creasy', xüril- 4

Kalmuck: xorwā 'crooked' (КРС)

Dagur: kurbi-, xurbi-, xurbu- (Тод. Даг. 180)

Shary-Yoghur: körwö-; korlo 'wheel'

Monguor: xurbā-; korlo, gulōr 'wheel'

Comments: MGCD 375, 399. Mong. > Evk. kurbu- etc., see Doerfer MT 61, Rozycki 146.

monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-mmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-dag,monget-yuy,monget-mgr,monget-reference,

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Tungus etymology :

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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kur-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 churn-staff 2 to wrinkle, shrink 3 to roll, rotate 4 to wrap round, tie round

Russian meaning: 1 мутовка 2 мяться, комкаться 3 вращаться, вертеться 4 обвернуть, спутать

Evenki: kurā- 4

Even: koroldāwna 1, qorị- 2

Literary Manchu: χorgi-, χurgi- 3

Comments: ТМС 1, 416, 417, 435, 471. Man. χurgiku 'whirlpool' > Dag. xurgi id. (Тод. Даг. 180).

tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-man,tunget-reference,

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Japanese etymology :

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Proto-Japanese: *kurum-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to wrap

Russian meaning: заворачивать

Middle Japanese: kurume-

Tokyo: kurúm-

Kyoto: kúrúm-

Kagoshima: kurúm-

Comments: JLTT 717. Accent unclear.

japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,

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Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-Dravidian : *koẓ-

Meaning : tube, pipe; hole, pit

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-South Dravidian: *koẓ-[al]-

Proto-Telugu : *koṛ-

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kuṛ-ub-

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *koṛ-, *koṛ-āɣ-

Brahui : xurr-um

dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,dravet-gnd,dravet-bra,

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South Dravidian etymology :

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Proto-South Dravidian : *koẓ-[al]-

Meaning : tube; to curl

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Tamil : kuẓal

Tamil meaning : any tube-shaped thing, flute, pipe, tubularity, curling hair, woman's hair dressed by coiling and tying up behind in a roll

Tamil derivates : (kuẓalv-, kuẓan_r_-) to curl (intr.); kuẓar_ci curling (as of a woman's hair); kuẓai, kuẓāy tube, pipe; kuẓi pit, hole, hollow, cavity, depression, excavation, pond, well; (-v-, -nt-) to be hollowed out (as a hole, pit, cavity), sink hollow; (-pp-, -tt-) to form pits, hollows, cavities, sink, excavate, inscribe, engrave; kuẓici pot, hub of a wheel; kuẓiŋ-kai palm of the hand; kuẓippu forming pits, a hollow, depression; kuẓivu hollowness; kuẓumpu pit

Malayalam : kuẓal

Malayalam meaning : tube, flute, women's hair tied in a knot

Malayalam derivates : kuẓali woman with fine hair; kuẓa what is hollow, eye of a needle, aperture in the head of an axe or hoe, bone in forearm or foreleg; kuẓi hollow, hole, excavation, pit, grave; kuẓiyuka to become hollow, deepened; kuẓikka to dig a hole, dig out

Kannada : koẓal

Kannada meaning : flute, fife

Kannada derivates : koẓavi, koẓave, koẓāyi, koẓivi tube, blow-pipe (esp. used to blow fires with), tubular stalk; kuẓi, guẓi, kuṇi, guṇi hollow, hole, pit, grave; kuẓi to make a hole, dig; kuṇike a hollow, cavity; (K2) kuḷumpe a hollow place where water accumulates; (Bark.) gumme a deep pond; (Gul.) gumma depth; kōvi tube, flute, gun (< Te.)

Kodagu : koḷa

Kodagu meaning : flute

Tulu : koḷavè, kolavè, kolāyi

Tulu meaning : a hollow tube

Tulu derivates : guri, guḷi hole, pit; (B-K) nelakkuri, nelakkuḷi mortar for pounding rice; kurepini, kurepuni to bore, scrape, excavate, drill; korepini, korepuni to bore; koḷalụ fife; koḷambè a drain; gurumbè anything hollow; gurmpè, gurmbè pond, pool, puddle; gurụmpe puddle, temporary reservoir in a dry field; (B-K) gurumpu a low-lying place where water accumulates; gurkè, (B-K) kurikke, kuḷike, gurike, gurke a close-mouthed big copper vessel used to heat water for bathing, etc.

Proto-Nilgiri : *koṛǝl (?)

Number in DED : 1818

sdret-meaning,sdret-prnum,sdret-tam,sdret-tammean,sdret-tamder,sdret-mal,sdret-malmean,sdret-malder,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kander,sdret-kod,sdret-kodmean,sdret-tul,sdret-tulmean,sdret-tulder,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,

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Nilgiri etymology :

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Proto-Nilgiri : *koṛǝl (?)

Meaning : tube, Kota clarinet, tune of clarinet, curl

South Dravidian etymology: South Dravidian etymology

Kota : korl, koḷāy

Toda : kwēɫ̣

Additional forms : Also Kota koḷ clarinet; goṛḷ hollow between two sloping hills

Notes : The derivative *koṛ-āj > Kota koḷāy is of PSDR origin. A complex case overall (PN *-ṛ- in a rare context; Toda -wē-, in particular, is an extremely rare reflex); it is unclear whether Kota korl and koḷ are dialectal variants or one of them (or both?) is a borrowing.

Number in DED : 1818

ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-toda,ktet-addition,ktet-notes,ktet-dednum,

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Telugu etymology :

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Proto-Telugu : *koṛ-

Meaning : tube, hole

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Telugu : kōlu

Dialectal forms (1) : krōlu (B)

Inscriptional Telugu : kṛocu "to dig"

Additional forms : Also krōvi tube, flute; goyyi, (B also) groyyi pit; (B) groyyu to be formed into a hole or pit; groccu, (K also) kroccu to dig; (Inscr.) kṛōce, kṛocce be engraved; kukki pit, hollow; (VPK) goppu digging out weeds

Number in DED : 1818

telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_2,telet-tel_inscr,telet-addition,telet-dednum,

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Kolami-Gadba etymology :

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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kuṛ-ub-

Meaning : pit

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Parji : kuṛub (pl. kuṛbul)

Ollari Gadba : kuṛup "a well"

Poya Gadba : kuṛub "hole in the ground, pit"

Number in DED : 1818

kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-parji,kogaet-ollari,kogaet-poya,kogaet-dednum,

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Gondwan etymology :

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Proto-Gondi-Kui : *koṛ-, *koṛ-aɣ-

Meaning : hole, pit

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Proto-Gondi : *koṛ-

Konda : kuṛŋi- (-t-)

Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kṛɔj

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kṛā-ɣu

Notes : The second component, seen in PPM and PK, is unclear: the usual suffix is simple *-ɣ-. Cf. such forms as Tamil kuṛ-āy. Konda -u- unclear; maybe due to back articulation of preceding/following velars.

gndet-meaning,gndet-prnum,gndet-gon,gndet-kon,gndet-pem,gndet-kui,gndet-notes,

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Gondi etymology :

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Proto-Gondi : *koṛ-

Meaning : ditch, hole

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Gommu Gondi : koṛi "ditch, hole, grave"

Muria Gondi : koṛpanj (pl. koṛpahk) "pit to trap animals"

Maria Gondi : koṛi "ditch, hole, grave"

Number in DED : 1818

Number in CVOTGD : 933, 941

gonet-meaning,gonet-prnum,gonet-gondi_g,gonet-gondi_mu,gonet-gondi_ma,gonet-dednum,gonet-voc_num,

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Konda etymology :

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Konda : kuṛŋi- (-t-)

Meaning: to be hollowed out, (floor) to form pits

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Additional forms : Also Konda kuṛk- (-t-) to hollow out, make pits

Number in DED : 1818

konet-meaning,konet-prnum,konet-addition,konet-dednum,

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Pengo-Manda etymology :

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Proto-Pengo-Manda : *kṛɔj

Meaning : pit, hole, ditch

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Pengo : kṛoy

Manda : kṛay

Number in DED : 1818

pemet-meaning,pemet-prnum,pemet-pengo,pemet-manda,pemet-dednum,

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Kui-Kuwi etymology :

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Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kṛā-ɣu

Meaning : pit, hole

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : kṛāu (pl. kṛānga) "pit, hole, cave"

Kuwi (Fitzgerald) : graiyū (pl. grānga) "hole"

Kuwi (Schulze) : glāyu "a well"

Sunkarametta Kuwi : gṛāyu "hole, pit"

Parja Kuwi : gṛāyu "hole, pit"

Additional forms : Also Kui krōḍu (pl. krōṭka) quiver, tube; krūpa pool, spring, place for washing clothes

Notes : In Kuwi an unexplained voicening.

Number in DED : 1818

kuiet-meaning,kuiet-prnum,kuiet-kui,kuiet-kuwi_f,kuiet-kuwi_s,kuiet-kuwi_su,kuiet-kuwi_p,kuiet-addition,kuiet-notes,kuiet-dednum,

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Brahui etymology :

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Brahui : xurrum

Meaning : grainpit

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Number in DED : 1818

braet-meaning,braet-prnum,braet-dednum,

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Eskimo etymology :

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Proto-Eskimo: *akra-ɣ- (*aqra-ʁ-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: wheel, to roll, round

Russian meaning: колесо, крутить, круглый

Proto-Yupik: *ak(r)a-ɣ-, *ak(r)a-m-kǝ- (-m-ɫu-), *aq(r)a-ʁ-

Proto-Inupik: *akra-ɣ- (-lu-), *aqraʁ-

Comments: Cf. *akma-Lu- 'round' as well as *aqra- ~ *aRqa- 'ball'.

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 36

esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-newcom,esqet-refer,

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Yupik etymology :

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Proto-Yupik: *ak(r)a-ɣ-, *ak(r)a-m-kǝ- (-m-ɫu-), *aq(r)a-ʁ-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: wheel 1, round 2, to roll 3

Russian Meaning: колесо 1, круглый 2, крутиться, вращаться 3

Chaplino: akámkǝxtaq (ʁǝt) 2, 'ring'

Naukan: akáɣrak 1, akámɫuʁōq 'small ring', akámkǝxtáq 2, akákuq 3

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: akaɣ- 3, akaɣŋa- 2

Central Alaskan Yupik: akaɣ- 3, akalʁia 1, 2

Nunivak (Peripheral): aqaχtoχ* 'to roll along'

Norton Sound (Peripheral): akaxtaq 'dough'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 10

yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-cay,yupet-nun,yupet-nrts,yupet-ced,

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Inupik etymology :

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Proto-Inupik: *akra-ɣ- (-lu-), *ạqraʁ-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: to roll, to turn round or over 1, wheel, tyre 2, wheeled vehicle 3

Russian meaning: крутиться 1, колесо, шина 2, колесный транспорт 3

Seward Peninsula Inupik: akšak- 1, 'to knead dough'

SPI Dialects: Imaq akšaq 'ball', W aqsʁaqtoq*, KI aqsʁattoq* 'to roll along'

North Alaskan Inupik: akšak- 1, 'to slide like caribou killed on slope', akšaliɣaq 2

NAI Dialects: B aqsʁaqtoq*, Ingl aqʁaqtoq* 'to roll along', Qaw akšalak- 1, akšaktuaq 3, PH aɣralɣun 3

Western Canadian Inupik: aksak- 1, aksak 'sth. round', aksaluɣaq 2

WCI Dialects: Cop axxaluaq 2 [Pryde]

Eastern Canadian Inupik: atsa(k)- 1, atsakāq 'ball of snow made by rolling', atsajuaq 2, atsalua- 'to turn wheel'

Greenlandic Inupik: agssagpâ* 'to roll along' [Jen.], aššakaʁ- 'to turn over, to roll over', aššakā- 1, aššakāšuq 2, aššaɫɫaɣ- 'to turn over, around, on side'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 10

inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,

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Austric etymology :

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Proto-Austric: *kVr

Meaning: bend

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: kVr

Austroasiatic meaning: bow

Proto-Austronesian: *tikur

Austronesian meaning: bend, curve

austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,austr-anme,

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Austro-Asiatic etymology :

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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: kVr

Meaning: bow

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Proto-Katuic: Pak ke:r.L

Khmer: ? k<hn>a:r < OK k<hn>ar

aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-kat,aaet-kmr,

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Katuic etymology :

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Proto-Katuic: *juŋ

Meaning: cling to

Presyllable: Q/ sǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: *juŋ

katet-meaning,katet-prpr,katet-prnum,katet-wkat,

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West Katuic etymology :

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Proto-West Katuic: *juŋ

Meaning: cling to

Presyllable: Q/ sǝ-

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Bru: sǝjuŋ.N

Bru meaning: to hang, cling; rǝjuŋ.N dangling

Kui: juŋ.B

Kui meaning: to hang on to

wkatet-meaning,wkatet-wpre,wkatet-prnum,wkatet-bru,wkatet-brume,wkatet-kui,wkatet-kuime,

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Khmer etymology :

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Khmer: ka:r

Meaning: to defend, shield

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Old Khmer: kar, ka:r

Old Khmer Meaning: to protect, prevent

References: P93, JP8

kmret-meaning,kmret-prnum,kmret-okh,kmret-okmean,kmret-ref,

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