North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *č̣Ha[l]χ_V ( ~ ć̣-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: beetle; dragonfly

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *č̣alχa ( ~ o, q)

Proto-Lezghian: *č̣aχ:I-č̣aχ:I

Notes: An expressive And.-Lezg. isogloss.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *č̣alχa ( ~ o, q)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: beetle, insect

Godoberi: č̣alχa

Comments: Attested only in God., with a probable Lezg. parallel.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *č̣aχ:I-č̣aχ:I

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dragonfly

Tabasaran: č̣aʁIč̣aʁI

Comment: An expressive reduplicated form; attested only in Tab., but having possible Andian parallels.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *č̣Há[l]xkV ( ~ ć̣-)

Meaning: a k. of insect

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *č̣Ha[l]χ_V ( ~ ć̣-)

Burushaski: *ṣiqá-

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *ṣiqá-

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: wasp

Yasin: iṣqár

Hunza: ṣiqár

Nagar: ṣiqál

Comments: Sh. iṣkár

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : CVKV

Meaning : meat

Eurasiatic : *sUḳV

Afroasiatic : *ŝVk- (Cush., Chad.) 'meat'

Sino-Caucasian : *š_ēḳV̆

Reference : ND 2188a.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *sUḳV

Meaning: meat, deer

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *sūku

Kartvelian: Georg. suḳ- 'fillet, beefsteak'

Dravidian: ? Tel. *ciy- 'flesh, muscle', Gdb. seg id.

References: Blazhek LB, ND 2188a *ŝü/iKV 'flesh, meat' (differ. Alt.).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *sūku

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: deer, female deer

Russian meaning: олень, лань

Turkic: *sūkak

Mongolian: *sogu(ɣa)

Tungus-Manchu: *sog-ǯe-

Japanese: *su(n)karu

Comments: Cf. *sák`a and *sĭgò.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *sūkak

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: antelope, deer

Russian meaning: антилопа, олень

Old Turkic: suqaq (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: suqaq (MK, KB)

Middle Turkic: soqaq (AH), sɨqaq (Pav. C.)

Turkmen: sōɣaq (dial.)

Karaim: soɣaq, soɣax

Comments: EDT 808, ЭСТЯ 7.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *sogu-(ɣa)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: female deer

Russian meaning: лань, оленуха

Written Mongolian: soɣu (L 724)

Khalkha: sogō

Buriat: hogō(n)

Kalmuck: soɣǝ

Dagur: sugā (Тод. Даг. 164), suā 'a female elk in advanced pregnancy' (MD 212)

Comments: KW 329. Despite Sukhebaatar, not a borrowing from Turk. sɨ̄gun (which denotes a male maral; see *sīgo).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *sog-ǯe-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wild deer

Russian meaning: дикий олень

Evenki: sogǯon (Тит.)

Udighe: suǯelihe 'изюбр'

Comments: See ТМС 2, 120, 136.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *su(n)karu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: a k. of deer

Russian meaning: вид оленя

Middle Japanese: sugaru ~ sukaru

Comments: JLTT 594. The word is not attested in modern dialects, and its traditional reading sugaru is based on a wrong association with sugaru 'digger wasp'.

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