North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *čɦVm-jĕrƛ̣_wV

Meaning: whip

Proto-Nakh: *ǯʡormak ( ~ -a-)

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *čʷanƛ̣:il (/ žʷ-)

Proto-Tsezian: *čuriƛ̣ / *čuriṭ

Proto-Lak: č̣aIpṭi

Proto-Dargwa: *ʔaIrčuma[k:]

Proto-Lezghian: *čɨImraƛ̣: / ( -ƛ̣)

Proto-Khinalug: č̣uč̣on

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. A very complicated case. It is probable that the word is a PEC compound, and it is possible to decipher PEC *jĕrƛ̣_wV 'belt, leather strap' in its second part. The first part, in that case, can be reconstructed approximately as *čɦVm(V)-, but it is difficult to identify this morpheme with any independent EC root. The original polyconsonantal structure *čɦVm-jĕrƛ̣_wV, having an expressive meaning ("whip"), naturally underwent very complicated and irregular changes in most daughter-languages.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *ǯʡormak ( ~ -a-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: strap, thong

Chechen: žʕormak

Comments: The word also means 'a piece of leather wherein the stone is put (a detail of the sling)'. It is attested only in Chech., but has probable parallels in EC languages.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *čʷanƛ̣:il (/ žʷ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: whip

Andian language: č̣:artil

Akhvakh: čiƛ̣:e

Chamalal: ṣajṭã

Tindi: žʷanƛ̣:al

Karata: žʷarƛ̣:el

Godoberi: žorƛ̣:in

Comments: Cf. also Akhv. Tseg., Tlan. čanƛ̣:el, Ratl. činƛ̣:el, Cham. Gig. c̣aṭan, Kar. Tok. žorƛ̣:i. The word, because of its initially complicated phonetic structure, demonstrates rather complicated assimilational / dissimilational processes: dissimilation -ƛ̣:- > -ṭ- (before the final *-l) in And. and Cham., with shift of the tenseness feature to the initial consonant (Cham. ṣajṭã < *č̣:arṭan < *čarƛ̣:al; in And. - with further dissimilation č̣:arṭil > č̣:artil); voicing *č- > ž- in Tind., Kar. and God. Tind. > Inkh. žʷanƛ̣el.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *čuriƛ̣ / *čuriṭ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: whip

Tsezi: čuruṭ

Ginukh: čuruƛ̣

Khvarshi: čuriṭ

Bezhta: čuruƛ̣

Gunzib: čuruƛ̣

Comments: PTsKh *čuriƛ̣ / *čuriṭ (cf. also Tsez. /Bokarev/ čureṭ, /Imnaishvili/ čureṭ, čuruṭ); PGB *čuruƛ̣ / *čuruṭ (cf. also Bezht. Tlad. čuruṭ, Khosh. čürüƛ̣).

Lak etymology :

Lak root: č̣aIpṭi

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: whip

Lak form: č̣aIpṭi

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *ʔaIrčuma[k:]

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: whip

Akusha: ʕaIrčumag

Chiragh: č̣umaq̇I

Comments: Cf. also Mek. aIrč̣umaq, Gapsh. ʕarčumaɣ, Kub. aIrčmaIk, Kharb. alčumag, Tsud. aIrčimah. Correspondences are somewhat distorted because of the word's complicated phonemic structure and expressive meaning. Loss of the initial syllable in Chirag may be secondary, or may be explained by Lezghian influence (see below).

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *čɨImraƛ̣: / ( -ƛ̣)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: whip

Rutul: čumk

Tsakhur: čuImḱ

Kryz: šimäq̇

Budukh: išmeq̇

Comment: Cf. also Kryz. Al. šimraq̇ id. (preserving the archaic -r-, lost elsewhere). 3d class in all languages. The root reveals a variation between *-ƛ̣: ( > Rut., Tsakh. -k) and *-ƛ̣ ( > Kryz., Bud. -q̇).

Khinalug etymology :

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