North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *śVɦVjmV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a k. of odorous grass

Proto-Nakh: *sṭim ( ~ -ī-)

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *sVHVmV

Proto-Tsezian: *miša-χu ( ~ -ɨ-)

Proto-Dargwa: *š:aIm-

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular, although it is somewhat difficult to reconstruct vocalism (because of the root's trisyllabic nature and the medial laryngeal). The cluster *-jm- is reconstructed to account for the development *s- > *sṭ- in PN and for the development *-Vjm > *-Ṽ in PC. Cf. also HU: Hurr. šim-ri 'fennel' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 23).

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *sṭim ( ~ -ī-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 wormwood, absinth 2 hellebore

Chechen: stim-urχa 2

Batsbi: sṭim 1

Comments: Forms are quoted from Алироев 1975, 159, 161. The component -urχa in Chech. is unclear.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *sVHVmV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: mint

Avar: saʕán

Chadakolob: šam

Comments: Av. paradigm B~C (gen. saʕní-l; Chad. gen. šimí-l, but also šámi-l). Av. dial. > Bezht., Gunz. sam 'mint'. It is also highly probable that Lak. san (samu-l) 'ramson' is also a borrowing from the same root in some Av. dialect.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *miša-χu ( ~ -ɨ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: mint

Tsezi: mešaħu

Ginukh: mečaħu

Comments: PTsKh *mišaχ̥1̇u (-č- in Gin. is irregular, probably under influence of *mič(a) 'nettle' q.v.).

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *š:aIm-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: mint

Akusha: šumeri

Chiragh: š:aImul

Comments: The root is provided with frequent suffixes (-ri and -l).

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *xwamV / *xwamxwV

Meaning: foam, liquid

North Caucasian: *xwamV / *xwamxwV

Basque: *hag^(w)une ~ *gahune

Comments and references : The Bsq words could go back to an archaic PSC variant such as *xa(m)xúmV.Etymological comparison suggested by John Bengtson.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *hag^(w)une ~ *gahune

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: foam, froth

High Navarrese: hagun, (Garazi) agun

Salazarese: agun

Lapurdian: habuiñ, (Ainhoa) haboin

Zuberoan: gahǘn

Roncalese: águn

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