North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *gīrgwV

Meaning: circle, round

Proto-Nakh: *gōga

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *girg(ʷ)V-

Proto-Lak: k:urk:i-

Proto-Dargwa: *gulgul-/*gurgur-

Proto-Lezghian: *girgʷV-

Proto-Khinalug: gongʷaz

Proto-West Caucasian: *ǵaǵa/*ǵʷaǵwa

Notes: An expressive and rather universal root (cf., e.g., PK *mgrgod- 'round', IE *krengho- (WP 594, Vasmer 2,385)); it is, however, widely spread in NC languages and certainly can be reconstructed for PNC. See also *gwērV (it is possible that *gīrgwV is historically a reduplication of that root).

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *gōga

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: circle

Chechen: gō

Ingush: gō

Batsbi: gogŏ

Comments: 6th class in all languages. A wide-spread derivative is PN *gōg-rV- "round" : Chech. gorga, Usl. gorga-ŋ (*gōg-ra-n), Ing. gerga, Bacb. gogrĩ (*gōg-ri-n).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *girg(ʷ)V-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: round

Avar: gurgína-b

Chadakolob: gurgína-b

Andian language: gurguma

Akhvakh: gĩga-da

Karata: gergamo-

Godoberi: girǵamu-

Comments: The root is normally supplied with suffixes (-n- or -m-); cf. also Kar. Anch. girgin 'wheel', God. gurgu-š:il 'circle, ring, wheel', And. girgin 'roof roller; skein, hank'.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: k:urk:i-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: round

Lak form: k:urk:i-s:a

Comments: Cf. also k:urk:u(r) ṭun 'to roll'. An expressive reduplicated root; with variation k:/g cf. also gurži ( < *gurgi) "snow-ball", probably also girgir-ča 'a k. of dance'.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *gulgul-/*gurgur-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: round

Akusha: žuruga

Chiragh: gulgulze

Comments: The root is expressive and liable to irregular changes. Cf. also Kharb. gurgura, Sirg. (with metathesis) rugrug-ce. Some dialects (like Ak.) reflect a quite irregular change *g- > ž-, cf. also Ur. žuruga, Tsud. žuruk:a-se, Muir. žuruk:a etc.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *girgʷV-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: round

Tabasaran: gergmi

Agul: gilgenf

Tsakhur: gɨrgɨra-n

Kryz: gurgum

Budukh: gungurṭi

Archi: guk:i

Udi: k:ank:oroj

Comment: Reconstruction is rather difficult because of the root's expressive nature. The Arch. form guk:i may be influenced or borrowed from Lak. k:urk:i- (as also the verb kʷek:i-s 'to roll'). In Tsakh. the pronoun 'all' (gɨrgɨ-n) is also probably derived from this root (< *all around, everywhere). Note also the form Tsakh. Mishl. gilgilen preserving -l-: this and Ag. gilgen-f probably go back to *girgʷV- with a suffixed -l- (with subsequent -r- > -l- assimilation). The same root in a nominal function is preserved in Lezg. gig (erg. gigini-) 'axis', Ag. k:uk: 'roller (for ramming roof)' (with emphatic reflex k:), Bursh. gilgen 'small round stone', Arch. gik:u-r 'roof roller'.

    See Лексика 1971, 221; Гигинейшвили 1977, 68.

Khinalug etymology :

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *ǵaǵa/*ǵʷaǵwa

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 ring 2 circle

Abkhaz: a-gʷargʷaléj 1

Abaza: ǵaǵa 2

Comments: Cf. also Abkh. Bz. a-gʷagʷaléj / a-gʷagʷaréj 'ring', a-ǵargalás 'ring made of twisted branches', Abaz. ǵaǵa-ra 'to roll, turn round'. Reflected are variants *ǵa(r)ǵa and *gʷa(r)gʷa which are hard to separate from each other. Since there are no AK or Ub. parallels, we can assume both *ǵ (*ǵʷ) and *ḱ: (*ḱ:ʷ) in PWC.

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