Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *t:a (~*da)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: vein

Abkhaz: a-dá

Abaza: da

Comments: PAT *da.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *tāmɦĭ (~-ɨ̆,-ŭ)

Meaning: vein; pipe, kennel

Proto-Tsezian: *tɔ̃hV

Proto-Lak: tunnu

Proto-Dargwa: *tum

Proto-Lezghian: *tam: (~-p:)

Proto-West Caucasian: *t:a (~*da)

Notes: Cf. also the HU evidence: Hurr. tem-ari 'irrigation ditch, canal' (see Diakonoff-Starostin 1986, 25). The original meaning must have been 'pipe, kennel ~ blood pipe, vein'. The PC form suggests rather short *-ă- against the WC evidence implying long *-ā-; however, since the form is attested only in Gunz. and the vowel is nasalized (nasalisation often shifts vowel reflexes), we prefer to reconstruct a long vowel in PNC.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *tɔ̃hV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 mill kennel 2 trough

Ginukh: tah-ra 2

Gunzib: tɔ̃he

Comments: Gin. tah-ra probably < *toh-ra with vowel assimilation.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: tunnu

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: vein, blood vessel

Lak form: tunnu

Comments: Cf. Khosr. tundu. The Proto-Lak. form must be reconstructed as *ten-dV ( < *tem-dV), cf. the Khosr. form and the Arch. loanword tenne.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *tum

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: vein, blood vessel

Akusha: tum

Chiragh: tum

Comments: Cf. also Ur., Kub. tum etc. Perhaps we should also relate here (with old Ablaut?) Chir. tima 'brook, stream'.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *tam: (~-p:)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 vein 2 sinew, tendon 3 cramp 4 tenacity 5 power

Lezghian: tab 3,5

Tabasaran: tab 1

Agul: tab 2

Rutul: tab 2

Kryz: täb 3

Budukh: tab 4

Comment: Since there are no reflexes in Tsakh., Ud. and Arch., we can not distinguish between PL *m: or *p:; external evidence suggests the former. Obl. base *tam:e- or *tam:ɨ- (cf. Ag. tabu-, Rut. tábɨ-). 3d class in all class-distinguishing languages.

    See Лексика 1971, 110.

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