Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *ḳǝ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a morpheme denoting singularity

Abkhaz: -ḳ(ǝ)

Abaza: -ḳ(ǝ)

Ubykh: -ḳ́(ǝ)

Comments: PAT *-ḳǝ : here this morpheme is productive. It is used also within the numeral 'one' (Abkh. a-ḳǝ́, Abaz. za-ḳǝ). In Ub. it survived only within some forms like ca-ḳ́ǝ́ 'tooth' (*'a single tooth' = PAT *cǝ-ḳǝ) etc. In AK cf. perhaps Ad. -č̣́a 'deverbative abstract' (?)

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *ḳĂ

Meaning: a suffix(diminutive or singulative)

Proto-Nakh: *-Vḳ

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *-ḳV

Proto-Lezghian: *-k:(a)

Proto-West Caucasian: *ḳǝ

Notes: One of the very rare class of derivative suffixes, reconstructable for PNC; cf. also Hurr. -ga, -gǝ id. The morpheme is expressive, thus correspondences are not quite regular (sometimes glottalisation disappears). The suffix is still productive in Nakh and Abkh.-Abaz., but it has left numerous traces in other languages (including Tsezian and Dargwa).

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *-Vḳ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 a diminutive suffix 2 deverbative nominal and adjective substantivator

Chechen: -Vg 1, -rg, -nig 2

Ingush: -Vg, -lg 1

Batsbi: -Vḳ 1, -ri-ḳ 2

Comments: An extremely productive common Nakh suffix (usually diminutive, but in some cases neutralized).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *-ḳV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a diminutive suffix

Avar: -ḳo

Comments: A rather frequent derivative element (cf. jas 'girl', jasi-ḳo 'little girl, doll' etc.). It also has a variant -ko without glottalisation (wac: 'brother' - wac:a-ko 'little brother' etc.).

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *-k:(a)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a diminutive suffix

Lezghian: -g / -k

Tabasaran: -g

Rutul: -g

Kryz: -ng

Budukh: -ng

Comment: An expressive nominal suffix (cf. Lezg. furfal-ag 'whipping top (children's toy)', Tab. sum-ag 'small lamb' (from *s:äm 'lamb') etc. A variant *-k(a) is probably reflected in Lezg. -k (bic̣i-k 'a small one' from bic̣i 'small' etc.). See Aлексеев 1985, 111, 114.

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