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Macro-Khoisan etymology :
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Proto-Khoisan : *BU
Meaning : father
Notes : A universal stem, not indicative per se of Macro-Khoisan.
khoiet-meaning,khoiet-bsh,khoiet-ckh,khoiet-san,khoiet-had,khoiet-notes,
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Peripheral Khoisan etymology :
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Number : 760
Proto-Bushman : *ba̰
Meaning : father
Proto-Ju : *ba
Proto-Taa : *à̰
Proto-!Wi : *wa
bshet-proto,bshet-meaning,bshet-prnum,bshet-nkh,bshet-nkhnum,bshet-xoo,bshet-xoonum,bshet-xam,bshet-xamnum,
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North Khoisan etymology :
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Proto-Ju: *ba
Tonal pattern: HH [j] ~ MM [k] ~ MM [e] ~ VAR [Sn]
Meaning: father
Juǀʼhoan : bá (n1 -si) // báː-kʰòè kò... "be in a father-child relationship with each other"; bá-cú (n1 -sĩ), bá-ɡǂòàɡǂòàhà (n1 -si) "stepfather"
Juǀʼhoan (Snyman): ba
ǀǀAuǀǀen : ba
!Kung (Lloyd) : bba ~ ba // pl. ba-ssiɲ
!Kung (Doke): bāː
!Kung (Vedder): baː
!Kung (Wilhelm): baː // (?) beaː-!aː "grandfather"
!Kung (Weich): ba
!O!Kung (Bleek) : bà ~ pa // pl. be
!O!Kung (Snyman): pá
Kavango : bā
Ekoka : bā (n1) // bā šŋ̀ "father's younger brother"
Tsumkwe : bá
Tsintsabis : bá
Okongo : bá
Leeunes : bá
Mpunguvlei : bá
Cuito : bà
Cuando : bá ~ pá
South Omatako : bà
Kameeldoring : bà
Lister : bá
Notes : Cf. also [NIIc] aubā 'man, old man, father'.
RefLex number: 19
nkhet-tonal,nkhet-meaning,nkhet-prnum,nkhet-juh,nkhet-juh_sn,nkhet-aue,nkhet-kng,nkhet-dkk,nkhet-vdd,nkhet-wlh,nkhet-wei,nkhet-okn,nkhet-osn,nkhet-kvn,nkhet-ekk,nkhet-tsu,nkhet-tsi,nkhet-oko,nkhet-lee,nkhet-mpu,nkhet-cui,nkhet-cua,nkhet-oms,nkhet-kam,nkhet-lis,nkhet-notes,nkhet-refer,nkhet-reflex,
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South Khoisan (Taa subgroup) etymology :
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Proto-Taa : *à̰
Meaning : father
!Xoong : à̰a 3 II, pl. -tû 4 II
Masarwa : -a̰a
|Nu//en : ā; -a̰a "father-in-law"
xooet-meaning,xooet-prnum,xooet-xoo,xooet-masa,xooet-nuen,xooet-refer,
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South Khoisan (!Wi subgroup) etymology :
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Proto-!Wi : *wa
Meaning : father
|Xam : ṓä, óä, emph. óäkẹn, pl. ókẹngu, ō_kẹngukẹn (B.); ŏa (Lich.)
//Ng : ā (only in terms of relationship); eiŋ-ki, =ɛ̄ŋ-ki
#Khomani : aŋ-kje (Mg.)
//Ku//e : oa
Seroa : ãw (Wu.)
!Gã!ne : ãw
//Xegwi (Batwa) : ā; bāba; ʔaa (LH)
|Nusan : oa
Notes : The ||Ng-ǂKhomani form reflects a complex stem (*wa-ĩke); cf. the Proto-!Wi form for "mother" for the same correlation. ||Xegwi bāba is either an old reduplicated form or one influenced by outside sources.
xamet-meaning,xamet-prnum,xamet-txam,xamet-lng,xamet-khom,xamet-lkue,xamet-sero,xamet-gane,xamet-batw,xamet-nusa,xamet-notes,xamet-refer,
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Central Khoisan etymology :
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Proto-Khoe : *àbó
Meaning : father; old man
ckhet-meaning,ckhet-prnum,ckhet-kkh,ckhet-wkh,
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Khoekhoe etymology :
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Proto-Khoekhoe : *abo
Meaning : father, forefather
Nama : awo-b, abo-b
!Ora : ʔábó-b
kkhet-meaning,kkhet-prnum,kkhet-nama,kkhet-kora,kkhet-refer,
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West Central Khoisan etymology :
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Proto-West Khoe : *àbó
Meaning : 1 father; 2 old man
Naro : àbo, ào; awa 1 (B.); aume/a, voc. aba 1, 2 (B.); àú, àó 1 (Ba.)
Tsaukwe : aba
wkhet-meaning,wkhet-prnum,wkhet-naro,wkhet-tsau,wkhet-refer,
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Sandawe etymology :
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Proto-Sandawe : *wa-
Meaning : Father! (addressing)
Sandawe : wǎŋbòj "your father" (E.); wambwe (K.)
sanet-meaning,sanet-prnum,sanet-san,sanet-refer,
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Hadza etymology :
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Proto-Hadza : *ba
Meaning : father
Hadza : ba, baba, bawa (B.)
Notes : Also cf. abame 'younger brother'.
References : Bleek 5, 13, 15. hadet-meaning,hadet-prnum,hadet-had,hadet-notes,hadet-refer,
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