Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *bVɣa

Meaning: shoulder

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: pVj

Austroasiatic meaning: carry on shoulder

Proto-Austronesian: *qabaRa

Austronesian meaning: shoulder

Proto-Thai: saba:j.A to carry on a sling (probably < Khmer; but cf. Kd *ʔbe:k 'carry on shoulder'?)

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: pVj

Meaning: carry on shoulder

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Thai: saba:j.A to carry on a sling

Khmer: sba:j

Proto-Vietic: SO capa:j.B.4

Proto-Monic: *ba:j

Khmer etymology :

Khmer: sba:j

Meaning: to carry or wear croswise over the shoulder

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Comments: JP derive the word from ba:j be scattered

References: JP193

Monic etymology :

Proto-Monic: *ba:j

Meaning: to carry by a sling from the shoulder

Presyllable: cǝN-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Modern Mon: cama:j, tama:j, lama:j

Middle Mon: camba:j

Nyakur: mpha:j.B

Nyakur meaning: to carry by a sling from the shoulder

References: V270; S-95

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : PVRKV

Meaning : shoulder

Sino-Caucasian : *bHǝrxkV́

Austric : PAN *qabaRa 'shoulder, carry on shoulder', PAA *pVj 'carry on shoulder' (? > PST *phǝ̄wh)

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *bHǝrxkV́

Meaning: upper part of body, shoulder

North Caucasian: *bHǝrχV

Sino-Tibetan: *ph(r)āk

Burushaski: *-phóɣonas

Comments and references : Differently in HGC 25.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *bHǝrχV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: back, shoulder-blade

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *biχumV

Proto-Lak: barħ

Proto-Lezghian: *marχIVl

Notes: Reconstructed for PEC. Some problems are raised by *m- in PL (Tab.): possibly, Tab. marχIli-n is a modification of *marχIni-n < PL *marχIVn ? In this case the *m- could be a result of nasal assimilation (cf. the PA form *biχumV with a nasal suffix).

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *biχumV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: shoulder-blade

Andian language: beχun

Akhvakh: beχun (Ratl.)

Chamalal: beχũ

Tindi: beχuma

Botlikh: beχun

Godoberi: beχun

Comments: Cf. also Akhv. Tseg. buχun, Botl. obl. beχuma-. The root is homonymous with *biχumV 'wooden spade or spoon' (q.v.) - however, the external evidence is in favour of separating these two homonyms.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: barħ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: back, spine

Lak form: barħ

Comments: Cf. Khosr. baIrh.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *marχIVl

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: shoulder-blade

Tabasaran: marχIlin ḳurab

Comment: Preserved only in Tab. (in a compound: "bone (ḳurab) of the back"), but having probable external parallels.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ph(r)āk

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: shoulder

Chinese: 膊 *phāk shoulder.

Tibetan: phrag shoulder.

Kachin: gǝphaʔ² shoulder.

Kiranti: *bhák

Chinese characters :

Character: 膊

Modern (Beijing) reading: po

Preclassic Old Chinese: phāk

Classic Old Chinese: phāk

Western Han Chinese: phāk

Eastern Han Chinese: phāk

Early Postclassic Chinese: phāk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: phāk

Late Postclassic Chinese: phāk

Middle Chinese: phâk

English meaning : shoulder

Comments: Also used for a homonymous *phāk 'to dismantle'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Karlgren code: 0771 l

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *bhák (/*ʔp-)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: shoulder

Sunwar: balā

Tulung: 'balam shoulder blade

Kaling: 'bhoto

Limbu: phoktāŋ

Dumi: bokto

Kulung: bɔutɔ

Yamphu: akkr̂aŋ

Comments: In compounds: *bhák-ta(ŋ), *bhák-läm.

Limbu dictionary :

Entry: pho:ktaN

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: shoulder

Dumi dictionary :

Entry: bokto

Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: shoulder (as seen from behind), shoulder blades

Comments: cf. khɨrnɨ.

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: bɔutɔ

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: shoulder (as seen from behind), shoulder blades

Nepali: kum.

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: akkr̂aŋ

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: shoulder.

Nepali: kādh

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *-phóɣonas

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: shoulder

Yasin: -phóɣonas

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