Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *ʔVk

Meaning: cough, choke

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *ha:k (also *ʔǝk hiccup, cough)

Austroasiatic meaning: cough

Proto-Austronesian: *qekak 'choke', *qekek 'cough'

Proto-Thai: kha:k clear the throat CK; saʔʔɨk

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *ʔǝk

Meaning: hiccup, cough

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Thai: saʔʔɨk

Proto-Katuic: *ʔǝk

Proto-Bahnaric: *ʔak V?

Khmer: ʔɔ:k

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *ʔǝk

Meaning: hiccup

Presyllable: sǝN- (?)

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: *ʔVʔ

Proto-East Katuic: *ʔǝk

References: P-1212; TK16.440

West Katuic etymology :

Proto-West Katuic: *ʔVʔ

Meaning: hiccup

Presyllable: sǝN-

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Bru Van Keu: saŋʔâʔ

Bru Van Keu meaning: hiccups

So: nǝk.N I?

So meaning: hiccups

Bru: sǝŋʔʌʔ.N

Bru meaning: hiccups; kǝlʔʌʔ.N to vomit

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic: *ʔǝk

Meaning: hiccup

Presyllable: # / hǝ-

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Pakoh: ʔǝ=ʔǝʔ.L

Pakoh meaning: hiccup

Taojh: iʔǝ:jʔ VT?

Taojh meaning: hiccough (VL)

Ngeq: harʔǝʔ

Ngeq meaning: hiccough

Kantu dialects: ʔiʔǝk

Triw: ciʔǝk

Katu dialects (1): haʔǝk

Katu dialects (2): haʔǝk

Katu dialects (3): haʔǝk

Katu meaning: hiccup

Bahnar etymology :

Proto-Bahnaric: *ʔăk

Meaning: hiccough

Presyllable: Cǝ-

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-North Bahnaric: *ʔak.T, #/hǝ-

Proto-South Bahnaric: *ʔak, sǝ-

References: SBS-172

North Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-North-Bahnaric: *ʔak.T, #/hǝ-

Meaning: hiccough

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Rengao form: ʔak.T

Rengao meaning: hiccough

Sedang form: kǝʔã.L

Sedang meaning: hiccough

South Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-South Bahnaric: *ʔak, sǝ-

Meaning: hiccough

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Chrau form: siʔaʔ

Chrau meaning: hiccough

Stieng form: sǝʔak

Stieng meaning: hiccough (Y)

References: SBS-172

Khmer etymology :

Khmer: kǝʔɔ:k

Meaning: to cough; sǝmʔɔ:k harsh, hoarse, rough (voice)

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Comments: JP derive the word from ʔak to swallow

References: JP413

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVHV

Meaning : cough

Sino-Caucasian : *QV́HV

Austric : PAA *ha:k 'cough, choke', PAN *qekak 'choke', *qekek 'cough'.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *QV́HV

Meaning: cough

North Caucasian: *q_ĕʕV

Sino-Tibetan: *ghǝ̄k

Yenisseian: *χa(ʔ)χtVm

Comments and references : [Onom.]

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *q_ĕʕV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cough

Proto-Nakh: *qaħ

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *q:VHV

Proto-Lak: qah

Proto-Dargwa: *qeħ

Notes: An onomatopoeic word, but complying to standard phonetic rules.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *qaħ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cough (of animals)

Chechen: qaħ

Comments: Obl. base qaħa-. An expressive word, but having rather exact external parallels.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *q:VHV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cough

Avar: q:éʕi

Comments: Cf. also q:éʕi-ze 'to cough'.

Lak etymology :

Lak root: qah

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dry cough

Lak form: qah

Comments: Cf. also quhu 'cough', Khosr. quhu id.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *qeħ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cough

Akusha: qeħ

Chiragh: qIaħ

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *ghɨ̄k

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cough

Chinese: 咳 *khǝ̄ks cough.

Tibetan: khogs cough.

Lushai: khuʔ to cough.

Lepcha: kăk to cough

Kiranti: *khV(k)

Comments: ? BG: Dimasa gu-su, Garo gu-su. Sh. 44.

Chinese characters :

Character: 咳

Modern (Beijing) reading: ké

Preclassic Old Chinese: khǝ̄ks

Classic Old Chinese: khǝ̄h

Western Han Chinese: khǝ̄h

Eastern Han Chinese: khǝ̄h

Early Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: khǝ̄̀j

Middle Chinese: khл̀j

English meaning : cough

Russian meaning[s]: кашлять; кашель; [hái] междометие досады, укоризны, горя

Comments: Mod. ké must reflect an unattested variant *khǝ̄k, MC khлk.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 7812

Karlgren code: 0937 g

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *khV(k)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: cough

Tulung: kha- in kha-lamba 'cold'

Kaling: khä- in khä-lämbä 'cold'

Dumi: khǝ- in khǝlǝmbɨ 'cold'

Kulung: kha- in khalamba 'cold'

Yamphu: kha:k- 'to scrape one's throat, hawk up'

Dumi dictionary :

Entry: khǝlǝmbɨ

Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: cold, cough

Nepali: markī rughā.

Kulung dictionary :

Entry: khalamba

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: n.

Meaning: cold, cough

Nepali: markī rughā.

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: kha:kma

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Stem: <kha:g- ; khak->

Grammar: v.tr.

Meaning: to scrape one's throat, to hawk up.

Nepali: khakār thuknu

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *χaχtVm

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: cough

Ket: qaqtǝm⁵

Yug: xaxtem⁶

Kottish: hatam, pl. hatamaŋ "Husten, Speichel"

Comments: ССЕ 300. Werner 2, 70 <*qaqtǝm>.

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