Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *tVH

Meaning: spit

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: tVh

Austroasiatic meaning: spit

Miao-Yao parallels: Yao thwi.1 to spit

Proto-Austronesian: *utaq (Ache rudah spit)

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: tVh

Meaning: spit

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Khmer: sṭaoh

Proto-Palaungic: Ria smtɔs.1

Khmer etymology :

Khmer: staoh

Meaning: to spit out, expectorate

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Comments: JP derive the word from ṭaoh to untie, to loose

References: JP125

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : TVHV

Meaning : spit, spittle

Sino-Caucasian : *twǝjV

Austric : *tVH

African (misc.) : Bantu *-tụ́- 'spit'.

Reference : GE 62 *tak (with wrong ST data).

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *twǝjV

Meaning: spit, spittle

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *twǝjV

Sino-Tibetan: *thōj

Burushaski: *thu

Basque: *tu

Comments and references : MCGD 3.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *twǝjV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: spit, spittle

Proto-Nakh: *tuj (~ -ū-)

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *tʷo-, *tʷojV

Proto-Tsezian: *tʷi-

Proto-Dargwa: *tu

Proto-Lezghian: *tuj / *tutuj

Notes: An expressive, but common EC root with quite regular correspondences. A reduplicated variant ( > PA *tʷotʷo, PL *tutuj) can also be reconstructed.

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *tuj (~ -ū-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: spit, spittle

Chechen: tuj

Ingush: tu-g

Batsbi: tuj

Comments: In Ing. - a diminutive form (*tu(j)-ḳ). It is impossible to establish vowel length. 3d class in Chech., Ing., 5th class in Bacb.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *tʷo-, *tʷojV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 spit, spittle 2 to spit

Avar: tuj 1, tu(j)- 2

Chadakolob: tu- 2

Andian language: toto 1, tu-d- 2

Chamalal: tū- 2

Tindi: tʷē- 2

Karata: tutu 1

Comments: The And. languages reflect a derived verbal stem *tʷo-d- and a reduplicated noun *tʷotʷo < *tʷǝtʷǝjV.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *tʷi-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to spit

Bezhta: tü-ƛ- (Tlad.)

Gunzib: ti-ƛ-

Comments: PGB *tu- / *ti- (reflecting an original root *tʷi-); cf. also Bezht. Khosh. ti-ƛ- id.

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *tu

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to spit

Akusha: tu-iḳes

Chiragh: tu-ʔī

Comments: The stem tu is nominal ('spit, spittle') and used as the first component of a compound verb.

Lezghian etymology :

Proto-Lezghian: *tuj / *tutuj

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 spit, spittle 2 to spit

Tabasaran: tutu 1, tu aṗ- 2

Agul: tutu 1

Rutul: tu 1

Tsakhur: t́u 1

Archi: tu-bus 2

Comment: For the final *-j cf. Tab. pl. tutuj-ir, Ag. obl. tutuji-, Rut. tujɨ-, Tsakh. t́ujɨ-.

    Cf. Гигинейшвили 1977, 80.

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *thōj

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: spit

Chinese: 唾 *thōjs spit.

Tibetan: tho-le ãdebs spit; (W) thu id.

Burmese: thwijh to spit.

Kachin: mǝtho³ to spit; mă-thwi³ (Mat. 191).

Lushai: KC *m-thoi.

Comments: PG *tù saliva; BG: Dimasa thu (v.), Garo stu; Kanauri thu-. Peiros-Starostin 211; Coblin 138.

Chinese characters :

Character: 唾

Modern (Beijing) reading: tuò

Preclassic Old Chinese: thōjs

Classic Old Chinese: thwājh

Western Han Chinese: thwājh

Eastern Han Chinese: thwǟh

Early Postclassic Chinese: thwā̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: thwā̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: thwā̀

Middle Chinese: thwầ

English meaning : spit [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: прям., перен. плевать; плевок; с пренебрежением

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 30

Four-angle index: 407

Karlgren code: 0031 m

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *thu

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: to spit

Yasin: thu

Hunza: thu (ét-)

Nagar: thu (ét-)

Comments: Sh. thu, T. 6102 [obvious onomatopoeic matches in Pk. thū `fie', Skt. only thūt-kara- `sound of spitting']

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *tu

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 spittle, saliva 2 drop (of liquid)

Araban: tu 1

Bizkaian: txu 1

Gipuzkoan: to 1, itoi 2

High Navarrese: tu 1

Low Navarrese: thu 1

Lapurdian: thu 1

Baztanese: ttu 1

Zuberoan: thü 1

Roncalese: tu 1

Comments: Cf. also SinoCauc *tUKV 'spittle, saliva'.

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