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Austric etymology :
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Proto-Austric: *rVk
Meaning: meat, fish
Austroasiatic meaning: fish paste
Proto-Austronesian: Old Jav. ʒruk pickled meat
austr-meaning,austr-prnum,austr-aa,austr-aame,austr-an,
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Austro-Asiatic etymology :
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Proto-Austro-Asiatic: rVk
Meaning: fish paste
Proto-Katuic: Pak ruak.L
Proto-Monic: M pharaok
aaet-meaning,aaet-prnum,aaet-kat,aaet-kmr,aaet-mon,
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Khmer etymology :
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Khmer: grak
Meaning: kind of Khmer sour soup made with decayed fish; to cook such soup
Comments: D
kmret-meaning,kmret-prnum,kmret-comm,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : NVKRV
Meaning : meat
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-scc,globet-austr,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *ńVḳV(rV)
Meaning: meat, roe, intestines
Altaic: ? OT jaqrɨ 'fat, suet'; Mo nugulūr 'bloated part of stomach filled with meat', nuguči- 'to dress the corpse of an animal'
Uralic: ObU *ńōɣǝẑ 'meat' (cf. also Komi ńök 'Fischmilch')
References: ND 1586 *`ń[a]ḲU 'soft parts of the animal's body (liver, marrow, suet)' (+ Arab.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Indo-European etymology :
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Proto-IE: *yekʷ- (Gr h-)
Meaning: liver
Old Indian: yákrt, gen. yaknáḥ `liver'
Avestan: yākarǝ 'Leber'
Old Greek: hē̂par, gen. hḗpatos n. `Leber'
Latin: iecur, gen. iecoris/iecineris n. `Leber'
Russ. meaning: печень
piet-meaning,piet-ind,piet-avest,piet-greek,piet-balt,piet-lat,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,
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Baltic etymology :
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Proto-Baltic: *jekan=, *jekn=
Meaning: liver
Old Lithuanian: jekanas pl. `Leber' (Bretkun)
Lithuanian: jẽknōs, ẽknōs, (j)ãknōs pl. `Leber'
Lettish: akna, akne, pl. aknas, aknes, aknis, dial. (Dond.) pl. jęknas `Leber'
Old Prussian: Lagno (вместо *iagno ?) `печень' V. 125
baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-olith,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,baltet-oprus,
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Pokorny's dictionary :
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Number: 777
Root: i̯ē̆kʷ-r̥(t-), Gen. i̯ekʷ-n-és
English meaning: liver
German meaning: `Leber'
Material: Ai. yákr̥t, Gen. yaknáḥ `Leber'; pers. jigar (*yakar-), afghan. yī̆na (obl. *yaxna-); dehnstufig (?) av. yākarǝ (nach W. Krause KZ. 56, 304 ff. vielleicht auch av. *ha-yākana-, vgl. anord. lifre m. `der zur selben Leber Gehörige, Bruder', lifra f. `Schwester') = gr. ἧπαρ, -ατος (*-n̥-tos);
lat. jecur, -oris und -inoris (erweist altes *jecinis; Verquickung des r-und n-Stammes);
balt. *i̯eknā f. in lit. jãknos, alt jeknos, jekanas, lett. aknas, aknis f. Pl. apr. iagno (Hs. lagno) f.
Nach Pedersen KG. I 129 hierher mir. i(u)chair (*ikuri-) f., Gen. i(u)chrach `Fischrogen' und ksl. ikra, russ. ikra, osorb. jikro, jikno ds., das weiter mit slav. ikra `Scholle' und ikra `Wade' (und dessen balt. Entsprechungen oder eher Lehnformen, apr. yceroy, lett. ikrs, alit. Gen. ikrū) unter einer Grundbed. `Klumpen, Anschwellung' identisch ist. Auch idg. *i̯ekʷr̥t könnte auf derselben Anschauung beruhen.
Schwierig ist das vielleicht tabuistisch entstellte arm. leard, Gen. lerdi `Leber' (vgl. zuletzt Cuny Recherches 68 ff.). Hingegen gehören anord. lifr f. `Leber', ags. lifer, engl.liver, ahd. libera, lebara zu gr. λιπαρός `fett', indem das ursprüngl. Beiwort der (gemästeten) Leber ebenso das alte Wort für Leber verdrängt hat, wie lat. jecur ficātum zu ital. fegato usw. geführt hat.
Eine uridg. Grundform *li̯ekʷr̥t scheint mir zu gewagt.
References: WP. I 205 f., WH. I 673, Trautmann 103, 106, Schwyzer Gr. Gr. I 518, Benveniste Origines I 8f.
Pages: 504
pokorny-root,pokorny-meaning,pokorny-ger_mean,pokorny-material,pokorny-ref,pokorny-pages,pokorny-piet,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *nǝqǝ
Meaning: meat, food
Russian meaning: мясо, пища, еда
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 230
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *nǝqǝ (-k-ra-, -liHuʁ-)
Meaning: meat 1, food 2, to prepare food 3, to make poison 4
Russian Meaning: мясо 1, пища, еда 2, готовить пищу 3, готовить отраву 4
Sirenik: nǝ́qa 1, 2
Chaplino: nǝqá (ǝt) 1, nǝqǝ́kšak (ɣǝt) 'hardtack, dry meat', nǝqɫīʁaquq 3, 4
Naukan: nǝ́qǝ 1, 2, nǝqɫíʁaqā 'to give poison'
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: nǝqa 2, 1, nǝqɫiuʁ- 3
Chugach (Birket-Smith): nǝ̆qa 1
Central Alaskan Yupik: nǝqa 2, 1, 'fish', nǝqkaq 'food, a meal', nǝqkiuʁ- 3, nǝqɫiuʁ- 'to serve food', nǝqliuʁ- 'to prepare fish'
Nunivak (Peripheral): nɛqi* (ạk, ạt) 1
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 230
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-chgm,yupet-cay,yupet-nun,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *nǝ̈qǝ̣̈ (-k-ra-, -liuʁ-)
Meaning: meat 1, food 2, to cook a meal, to prepare food 3
Russian meaning: мясо 1, пища, еда 2, готовить пищу 3
Seward Peninsula Inupik: niʁi 1, niʁikšaq 2, niqɫiuq- 3
SPI Dialects: Imaq nɨ́ʁɨ 1, nɨʁɨ́qšaq 2, W nẹʁẹ (ik, it) 1, cf. inẹʁit* pl. 'raw meat'
North Alaskan Inupik: niqɨ 1, 2, nɨqɫiuq-, niqikšiuq- 3
NAI Dialects: B nẹqi* 1, Ingl nẹqiq* 'foot'
Western Canadian Inupik: niqi 2, 1
WCI Dialects: Cor nẹqiq* 1, M nẹqi* 1, Sig niqɫiuq- 3, Cop niʁiχχuq- 3
Eastern Canadian Inupik: niqi, niqitsaq 2, 1, niʁsiu(q)- 3
Greenlandic Inupik: niqi (neqe*) 1, niqiššaq 2, niʁɫiuʁ-, niqiliuʁ- 3
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 230
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-wcis,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-ced,
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Sino-Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *hwnĕrq̇ŭ́
Meaning: meat, meat soup
Comments and references : LV A11. Cf. PAA *rVk 'fish paste', Old Jav. ʒruk 'pickled meat'.
sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-notes,
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North Caucasian etymology :
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Proto-North Caucasian: *hwnĕrq̇ŭ
Meaning: soup, broth
Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Correspondences are regular.
caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-cez,caucet-lak,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-khin,caucet-comment,
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Avar-Andian etymology :
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Protoform: *ʔa(n)q̇i ( ~ -o-)
Meaning: soup, broth
Avar: háʕu
Chadakolob: ʕáʕu
Akhvakh: q̇ā
Chamalal: ā
Tindi: ā
Godoberi: aji
Comments: Av. paradigm C (gen. haʕ-dál, cf. also Chad. gen. ʕu-dúl). Cf. also Cham. Gig. aj id. The Akhv. form is a metathesis: q̇ā < q̇aʔV < ʔaq̇V.
aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-ava,aandet-avc,aandet-akv,aandet-chm,aandet-tnd,aandet-gdb,aandet-comment,
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Tsezian etymology :
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Proto-Tsezian: *jɔ̃q̇u A
Meaning: 1 broth 2 nettle broth 3 tasty nourishing meal
Tsezi: joq̇u 2
Ginukh: joq̇u 3
Khvarshi: joq̇u 1
Inkhokvari: joq̇u 1
Bezhta: jaq̇o 1
Gunzib: jɔq̇u 1
Comments: PTsKh *joq̇u; PGB *jɔ̃q̇u (for nasalisation cf. Bezht. Tlad. /MSU/ jãq̇o, Gunz. (G.) jɔ̃q̇u).
cezet-prnum,cezet-meaning,cezet-cez,cezet-gin,cezet-khv,cezet-inh,cezet-bzt,cezet-gnz,cezet-comment,
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Lak etymology :
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Lak root: naq̇
Meaning: soup, broth
Lak form: naq̇
Comments: Cf. Khosr. naq̇ id.
laket-prnum,laket-meaning,laket-lak,laket-comment,
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Dargwa etymology :
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Proto-Dargwa: *nerʁ
Meaning: soup, broth
Akusha: nerʁ
Chiragh: nerʁ
Comments: Cf. also Ur. nirʁ, Tsud. nerʁ, Kub. nēʁ id.
darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-chr,darget-comment,
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Lezghian etymology :
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Proto-Lezghian: *riq̇
Meaning: 1 soup, broth 2 puree, thick soup
Tabasaran: riq̇i (Düb.) 1
Agul: riq̇ 1
Rutul: rɨq̇ 1
Tsakhur: jɨq̇ 1
Archi: diq̇ 1
Udi: iIjaʁI 2
Comment: Cf. also Tsakh. Gelm. jiq̇, Arch. erg. diq̇i. Obl. base *riq̇ɨ- (Ag. riq̇i-, Rut. rɨq̇ɨ-, Tsakh. jɨq̇ɨ-, Gelm. jiq̇ɨ-). 3d class in Rut., Tsakh., 4th class in Arch. See Лексика 1971, 202; Талибов 1980, 265.
lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-cak,lezget-arc,lezget-udi,lezget-comment,
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Khinalug etymology :
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Khinalug root: zeʁ
North Caucasian etymology: 1438
Meaning: soup, broth
Khinalug form: zeʁ
khinet-prnum,khinet-meaning,khinet-khi,
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Sino-Tibetan etymology :
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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *nuk
Meaning: meat
stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-kir,
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Chinese characters :
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Character: 肉
Modern (Beijing) reading: ròu
Preclassic Old Chinese: nhuk (~ nhikʷ)
Classic Old Chinese: nhuk
Western Han Chinese: nhǝuk
Eastern Han Chinese: ńhǝuk
Early Postclassic Chinese: ńhɨuk
Middle Postclassic Chinese: ńhuk
Late Postclassic Chinese: ńhuk
Middle Chinese: ńük
English meaning : meat, flesh
Russian meaning[s]: 1) мясо; плоть; тело; мякоть (фрукта); облечь в плоть; физический, телесный, плотский; чувственный; 2) плотоядный, хищный
Comments: Archaic *nh- reflex is preserved in Qinjiang hiak7, Meixian ńiuk7.
Radical: 130
Four-angle index: 3968
Karlgren code: 1033 a-b
Vietnamese reading: nhục
bigchina-reading,bigchina-ochn,bigchina-cchn,bigchina-wchn,bigchina-echn,bigchina-epchn,bigchina-mpchn,bigchina-lpchn,bigchina-mchn,bigchina-meaning,bigchina-oshanin,bigchina-comment,bigchina-stibet,bigchina-doc,bigchina-radical,bigchina-oshval,bigchina-karlgren,bigchina-viet,
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Chinese Dialects :
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Number: 296
Character: 肉
MC description : 通合三入屋日
ZIHUI: 5131 1552
Beijing: ẓou 3
Jinan: ẓou 3
Xi'an: ẓou 3
Taiyuan: zou 3
Hankou: nou 12
Chengdu: zǝu 3; zu 12
Yangzhou: lôɨ 3
Suzhou: zoʔ 42 (lit.); ńioʔ 42
Wenzhou: ńiu 42
Changsha: ẓôu 4
Shuangfeng: ńiû 12 (lit.); iû 12 (lit.); ńiû 31
Nanchang: ńiuk 41
Meixian: ńiuk 41
Guangzhou: ju 42
Xiamen: ʒiɔk 42
Chaozhou: nek 42
Fuzhou: nyʔ 42
Shanghai: ńioʔ 42
Zhongyuan yinyun: žiou 43
doc-charref,doc-character,doc-mcinfo,doc-zihui,doc-beijing,doc-jinan,doc-xian,doc-taiyuan,doc-hankou,doc-chengdu,doc-yangzhou,doc-suzhou,doc-wenzhou,doc-changsha,doc-shuangfeng,doc-nanchang,doc-meixian,doc-guangzhou,doc-xiamen,doc-chaozhou,doc-fuzhou,doc-shanghai,doc-zhongyuan,
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Kiranti etymology :
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Proto-Kiranti: *nVk
Meaning: muscle
kiret-prnum,kiret-meaning,kiret-lim,kiret-dum,
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Limbu dictionary :
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Entry: nɛksa
Grammar: n.
Meaning: 1) muscle, flesh (alive); 2) lean meat, with fat and skin removed
Derivation: [< sa meat]
Comments: 1) kunɛksa:n ti:ktɛ His flesh is peeling 2) ku-nɛksa-:n lɔk kɛ-dzɔ-i:? (its-lean meat-ABS only 2-eat-Q) Do you only eat [its] lean meat?
limet-prnum,limet-pspeech,limet-meaning,limet-dercomm,limet-comments,
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Dumi dictionary :
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Entry: nosǝ, nosǝm
Grammar: n.
Meaning: muscle, muscles
dumet-prnum,dumet-pspeech,dumet-meaning,dumet-comments,
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