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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *bAd-rak / *bAd-ruk
Meaning: banner, flag
Russian meaning: знамя, флаг
Old Turkic: badruq (OUygh.)
Karakhanid: batraq (MK: 'a lance with piece of silk at its head') Turkish: bajrak
Tatar: bajraq
Uzbek: bajrɔq, (dial.) bajdaq
Uighur: bajraq, vajraq, (dial.) bajaq
Azerbaidzhan: bajraG
Turkmen: bajdaq
Kazakh: (dial.) bajraq
Noghai: bajraq
Bashkir: bajraq
Balkar: bajraq
Gagauz: bajraq
Karaim: bajraq
Karakalpak: bajraq
Kumyk: bajraq
Comments: EDT 307, VEWT 55, TMN 2, 385-387, ЭСТЯ 33-34, 36, Лексика 565. Turk. (Chag.) > Pers., Arab. Clauson's hypothesis about borrowing from Sanskr. is unfounded because Sanskrit lacks anything similar. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *pắdà
Meaning: to spread; flag, standard
Russian meaning: расстилать, простирать; флаг, знамя
Comments: Cf. *bā̀di. {Note Austronesian forms: Mar banderaŋ 'ceremonial tasseled spear', Mal benderaŋ 'spear with a tuft of goat's hair on the shaft; an emblem of royalty'; PAN *bandaŋan 'goat hair decoration on a spear or staff'} altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *bad-
Meaning: 1 to spread, expand, develop 2 flag, standard
Russian meaning: 1 распростирать, распространяться 2 флаг, знамя
Written Mongolian: badara- 1, badaŋ 2 (L 66) Khalkha: badra- 1, badan 2
Buriat: badar- 1
Kalmuck: badṛ- 1
Ordos: badara- 1
Dongxian: patara- 1
Comments: KW 27, MGCD 130. Mong. > Evk. badara-, Man. badara- etc., see Doerfer MT 69. Sukhebaatar suggests a loan Mong. badaŋ < Tib. badan 'flag', but the case is not quite clear: the Tibetan word itself is clearly borrowed, but the source is not really known (it is hardly Sanskr. patākā id.), and may be actually Mongolian. monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-dag,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *pad-
Meaning: 1 to spread out (animal's skin) 2 name of a game (spreading a rope between fingers) 3 to arrange (in a row)
Russian meaning: 1 растягивать, распяливать (шкуру животного) 2 натягивание шнура между пальцами (назв. игры) 3 расставлять, раскладывать
Evenki: hadarga 2
Spoken Manchu: faidǝn 'row' (1624)
Literary Manchu: fajda- 3, fajdan 'row'
Orok: pādda- 1
Comments: ТМС 2, 297, 308. tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-ork,tunget-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *pátà
Meaning: flag, banner
Russian meaning: флаг, знамя
Old Japanese: pata
Middle Japanese: fátà
Tokyo: hatá
Kyoto: hátà
Kagoshima: háta
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *pVdV
Meaning: to spread, long
References: ND 1664a *ṗuʔ[a]dV(-RV) 'long, spacious, far' (Drav.+ SH + incorr. Mong.). nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-alt,nostret-drav,nostret-reference,
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Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-Dravidian : *pòḍ-
Meaning : 1 tall, long 2 slope of hill
dravet-meaning,dravet-prnum,dravet-sdr,dravet-tel,dravet-koga,
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South Dravidian etymology :
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Proto-South Dravidian : *poḍ-ai
Kannada : poḍe
Kannada meaning : extension, height, length, stature
Number in DED : 4484
sdret-prnum,sdret-kan,sdret-kanmean,sdret-kt,sdret-dednum,
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Nilgiri etymology :
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Proto-Nilgiri : *poḍ
Meaning : slope of hill
Kota : poṛ
Number in DED : 4484
ktet-meaning,ktet-prnum,ktet-kota,ktet-dednum,
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Telugu etymology :
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Proto-Telugu : *poḍ-
Meaning : height, tallness, length; high, tall, long
Telugu : poḍugu
Dialectal forms (1) : poḍuvu
Dialectal forms (2) : poḍavu
Telugu (Krishnamurti) : poḍugu "to grow lofty, increase"
Additional forms : Also (Śaŋk.) poḍigincu to lengthen, heighten, raise, promote, increase
Number in DED : 4484
telet-meaning,telet-prnum,telet-tel_1,telet-tel_2,telet-tel_3,telet-tel_kr,telet-addition,telet-dednum,
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Kolami-Gadba etymology :
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Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *poḍ-
Meaning : long
Kolami : poḍam "long (of a jump)"
Kolami (Setumadhava Rao) : poḍām "tall, height"
Naikri : p(h)oḍḍam "length, height"
Number in DED : 4484
kogaet-meaning,kogaet-prnum,kogaet-kolami,kogaet-kol_sr,kogaet-naikri,kogaet-dednum,
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Long-range etymologies :
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Borean (approx.) : PVTV
Meaning : spread, long
Afroasiatic : *pVHVd- 'long, far, wide' (Cush., Omot., Chad., ?Ar.)
globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-reference,
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