Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *siŋ- (~ -ɨ-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 whining or buzzing noise 2 to whine, moan

Russian meaning: 1 скулеж, визг 2 визжать, хныкать, стонать

Karakhanid: siŋ 1, siŋile- 2

Turkish: sinle-, dial. senele- 2

Khakassian: sɨŋ 1, sɨ̄la- 2

Chuvash: šъngъr 1, šъngъrdat- 2

Yakut: iŋersij- 'to neigh, coo' (Пек.)

Tuva: sɨ̄la- 2

Kazakh: sɨŋɣɨr 1, sɨŋ-qɨlda- 2

Bashkir: hɨŋ-qɨlda- 'to sob'

Comments: EDT 832, 840.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *si̯ùŋu

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: to whine, weep

Russian meaning: плакать, визжать

Turkic: *siŋ- (~ -ɨ-)

Tungus-Manchu: *soŋa-

Japanese: *sùná-

Comments: An onomatopoeic root, but with quite good correspondences. Cf. also notes to *si̯ā́ńi. {ND 2092 compares also WMo seŋgene- 'sing (of wind'): possible if < *siŋgene-.}

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *soŋa-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to weep

Russian meaning: плакать

Evenki: soŋo-

Even: hoŋ-

Negidal: soŋo-

Spoken Manchu: soŋǝ- (190)

Literary Manchu: soŋGo-

Ulcha: soŋGo-

Orok: soŋo-, soŋGo-

Nanai: soŋGo-

Oroch: soŋo-

Udighe: soŋo-

Solon: soŋo-

Comments: ТМС 2, 111-112.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *sùná-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to pout, frown

Russian meaning: дуться, хмуриться

Tokyo: suné-

Kyoto: sùnè-

Kagoshima: sùnè-

Comments: JLTT 759.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *SVŋV

Meaning: to sing, howl

Indo-European: *sengʷh- (+ *swen- 2446)

Altaic: *si̯ùŋu

Kartvelian: Georg. zen- 'sing'

Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *sẹŋǝ- (~ *-mŋ-)

Comments: Probably indeed 2 roots (IE - Alt and IE - Kartv.)

References: ND 2092 *Soŋ(g)[o] 'to produce loud vocal sounds' (IE+Alt+ ?Bln); 2742 *ʒ́iŋU 'to sing, produce musical sounds' (same IE + Kartv + Mong. ǯiŋgine- + Sem.).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *sengʷh-

Meaning: to sing

Old Greek: omphǟ́ f. `Gottesstimme, göttliche Offenbarung, Orakelspruch, Wahrzeichen'

Germanic: *singw-a- vb., *sangw-a- m., n.

Russ. meaning: петь

References: WP II 496

Germanic etymology :

Proto-Germanic: *singwan- vb., *sangwa-z, -n

Meaning: sing

IE etymology: IE etymology

Gothic: siŋgʷan st. `sing; read, present formally as by chanting'; *saŋgw-s m. (i) `song; reading, lecture'

Old Norse: süngva, süngja st. `singen', sɔng-r m. `Gesang, Musik; Gottesdienzt'

Norwegian: süngja vb.; song

Swedish: sjunga vb.; sɔng

Danish: sünge vb.; sang

Old English: singan `singen'; sang, song `Sang, esang, Lied'

English: song

Old Frisian: sionga vb.; song m.

Old Saxon: singan `singen'; sang m. `Sang, Gesang, Lied'

Middle Dutch: singhen; sanc m., n.

Dutch: zingen; zang m.

Old Franconian: singen, singin, singon; sang

Old High German: singan `singen, preisen, ein Instrument spielen, Zauberformeln sagen' (8.Jh.), sang m., n. `Sang, Gesang, Lied'

Middle High German: singen st. 'singen; dichten, frohlocken, pfeifen, knistern'; sanc (-g-) st. m. 'gesang, lied, musik; mit gesang begleiteter tanz'

German: singen, Sang m.

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 1688

Root: sengʷh-

English meaning: to sing

German meaning: `singen, mit singender Stimme vortragen'

Derivatives: songʷho-s `Gesang'

Material: Prākr. saṃghai `sagen, belehren'; gr. ὀμφή `Stimme, Prophezeiung' (*songʷhā), πανομφαι̃ος `Beiname des Zeus'; mcymr. de(h)ongl `erklären';

    got. siggwan `singen, vorlesen, rezitieren', aisl. syngua, ags. ahd. as. singan, singen; got. saggws `Gesang, Musik, Vorlesung', aisl. sǫngr `(kirchlicher) Gesang', ags. sang, song, ahd. as.sang, Sang `Gesang, Lied'.

References: WP. II 496, Bloch BSL 31, 62, Vendryes RC 48, 476; nach W. Wüst (briefl.) gehört prākr. saṃghai zu k̂ens-, oben S. 566.

Pages: 906-907

PIE database: PIE database

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *sẹŋǝ- (~ *-mŋ-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning (Rus.): смеяться

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *teŋŋǝ- (~ ạ)

Proto-Itelmen: *ɫiŋ ", *ɫŋi-

Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *teŋŋǝ- (~ ạ)

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): смеяться, насмехаться

Chukchee: tɛnŋɛ́w-

Alutor: tanŋ-av-, tanŋ-u lǝŋǝ-

Itelmen etymology :

Proto-Itelmen: *ɫiŋ ", *ɫŋi-

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): смех, смеяться

Itelmen: ɫiŋ-ɫiŋ 1, ɫŋe-ze-kes (ɫŋizi-) 2, ɫiń-ɫŋe-ze-s 3, ɫin-wej-u (supin.) 'eɫes 4, 5

Itelmen meaning: смех 1, смеяться 2, смешить 3, насмешка 4, осмеивать 5, улыбаться 6

West Itelmen: š_ǝnx-šǝn 1, snǝzǝ-ɣt-s-kaz, šnǝzǝ-ɣtl-kaz 2, 'ań-ĺnǝ-z 3, xi-liń-leɣ superl. 4, knizi-'in 5, 'in-ĺnɨt-kaz, xiń-ĺnɨta-kin part. 6

West Itelmen meaning: risus 1, 5, ridere 2, risum movere 3, ridiculus 4, risum movere, stullus 6

West Itelmen meaning (Polish): śmiech 1, śmiać się 2, śmieszyć 3, śmieszny 4, naśmiewisko 5, rozśmieszać, gɫupi 6

Number in Volodin 1976: 110, 30, 216, 102

Comments: В записи Дыбовского зап. камч. слова 'смех' вместо рус. рукописного "ш" = [š] прочитано "т" = [t].

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