Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *ōt

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: fire

Russian meaning: огонь

Old Turkic: ot (Orkh., OUygh.)

Karakhanid: ot (MK)

Turkish: ot 'flame, fire' (arch.)

Tatar: ut

Middle Turkic: ot (Pav. C., Abush., MA)

Uzbek: ụt

Uighur: ot

Sary-Yughur: ot

Azerbaidzhan: od

Turkmen: ōt

Khakassian: ot

Oyrat: ot

Halaj: hụ̄t

Chuvash: vot

Yakut: uot

Dolgan: uot

Tuva: ot

Tofalar: ot

Kirghiz: ot

Kazakh: ot

Noghai: ot

Bashkir: ut

Balkar: ot

Karakalpak: ot

Salar: oht

Comments: VEWT 366, EDT 34, ЭСТЯ 1, 483-484, Лексика 356, 361, Федотов 1, 133, Stachowski 245. OT ot-čuq was borrowed in MMong. as očaq 'hearth' (see Щербак 1997, 196).

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ōt`a ( ~ -t-)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: fire; hot, warm

Russian meaning: огонь; горячий, теплый

Turkic: *ōt

Mongolian: *(h)očki-n

Tungus-Manchu: *(x)utinŋe

Korean: *tằ-

Japanese: *àtà- / *àtù-

Comments: KW 291, ОСНЯ 2, 104, АПиПЯЯ 70, 97, 102, 278, Martin 234, Лексика 356. The Mong. form may belong here if *očkin < *očikin < *oti-kin; however, it may also reflect PA *p`ṑči 'spark' q. v. Korean has a frequent loss of initial vowel. Tone in Jpn. is irregular.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *(h)očki-n

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: spark

Russian meaning: искра

Written Mongolian: oči(n) (L 599)

Khalkha: oč

Buriat: ošo(n)

Kalmuck: očṇ

Ordos: oči

Dongxian: očin

Baoan: oken

Monguor: śʒ́un, fuʒ́un

Mogol: ukin; ZM očkä (18-3b)

Comments: KW 291. Mong. > Turk. učkun 'spark' (see Лексика 368-369; not attested in OTurkic).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *(x)utinŋe

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wood fire

Russian meaning: лесной пожар

Evenki: utinŋe

Even: utöŋŋö

Comments: ТМС 2, 294.

Korean etymology :

Proto-Korean: *tằ-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: warm, hot

Russian meaning: теплый, горячий

Modern Korean: t:at:ɨt-ha- [t:at:ɨs]

Middle Korean: tằ-sằ-

Comments: Nam 136, KED 381.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *àtà- / *àtù-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 warm 2 hot

Russian meaning: 1 теплый 2 горячий

Old Japanese: atatake- 1, atu- 2

Middle Japanese: àtàtáka 1, atu- 2

Tokyo: atataká- 1, atsú- 2

Kyoto: átátáka- 1, átsù- 2

Kagoshima: atataká- 1, atsú- 2

Comments: JLTT 387, 826.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *qoṭi

Meaning: burn, fire

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *ā̆tr-

Altaic: *ōt`a ( ~ -t-)

Dravidian: *oT- (?)

Eskimo-Aleut: *uɣu-(t-) (-ruʁ-)

References: ОСНЯ 2, 103-104, МССНЯ 352, ND 1896 *qo(ha)ṭV 'to burn, kindle, fire, glowing coals'.

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *āt- (-th-) <PIH *H->

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: fire (open)

Hittite: hat- (II,I) 'vertrocknen' (Tischler 213)

Old Indian: átharvan- `a priest who has to do with fire and Soma' (< Iran?)

Avestan: ātar-š, gen. āɵrō m. `Feuer'

Other Iranian: NPers āδar `Feuer'; Rushan aɵēr `ashes', Jagnob āl; Osset art

Armenian: ? airem `verbrenne, zünde an'

Slavic: ? *vā́trā `костер, открытый огонь' (карпатск., ср. Alb)

Celtic: *āti-: Ir āith, gen. ātho f., Cymr odyn f. `Ofen'

Albanian: ? tosk. votǝr, geg. votrǝ `Feuer' - cf. Slav

Russ. meaning: огонь (открытый)

References: WP I 42

Comments: ? Ital: Lat āter, ātra `(tief)schwarz, dunkel, finster, unheilvoll'; Umbr pl. n. atru, adro `atra'

Vasmer's dictionary :

Pokorny's dictionary :

Number: 124

Root: āt(e)r-

English meaning: fire

German meaning: `Feuer'

Material: Av. ātarš (Gen. āɵrō) m. `Feuer', wozu ai. átharvan- `Feuerpriester', Lw. aus av. aɵaurvan-, aɵaurun (das ɵ aus āɵrō) ds.;

    arm. airem `verbrenne, zünde an' (auf Grund von *air aus *ātēr); serb. vȁtra `Feuer', klr. vátra `Feuer, Herd', poln. vatra `Strohasche' sind nach Jokl WZKM. 34, 37 ff. aus rum. vatră `Herd' entlehnt, dies wieder aus dem Alb. (geg. votrë, votër mitv-Vorschlag vor alb. ot- aus *āt-, viell. iran. Lw.). Vielleicht als `verbrannt' auch lat. āter `schwarz, dunkel' = umbr. atru, adro `atra'; aber lat. Ātella = osk. Aderl[ā] (*Ātrolā, z. B. v. Planta I 551), lat. Ātrius = osk. Aadíriis (v. Planta II 768, Thurneysen 1А. 4, 38, Schulze Lat. Eig. 269, 578) sind etr. Herkunft verdächtig.

    Möglich wäre Zugehörigkeit von ir. áith (Gen. átho) f., cymr. odyn f. `Ofen', s. Fick II⁴ 9.

References: WP. I 42, WH. I 75 f., 849 f.

Pages: 69

PIE database: PIE database

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *oT- (?)

Meaning : to burn (intr.)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-North Dravidian : *od-

North Dravidian etymology :

Proto-North-Dravidian : *od-

Meaning : to burn

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Kurukh : odnā (oddas) "to kindle a fire by means of straw or shavings"

Malto : ode "to burn (as fuel)"

Number in DED : 978

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *uɣu-(t-) (-ruʁ-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to boil, to cook

Russian meaning: варить, готовить пищу

Proto-Yupik: *uɣu- (-t-(ruʁ-), -ma-)

Proto-Inupik: *uu-t-, *uu-ru-ʁ

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 361, 362

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *uɣu- (-t-(ruʁ-), -ma-)

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: to boil, to cook 1, to roast, to bake 2, cooked, boiled 3

Russian Meaning: варить(ся) 1, печь(ся) 2, вареный, приготовленный 3

Sirenik: uɣúcǝqǝ̄́χtǝχ 2, //uɣǝkcǝχ 3 [Em.]

Chaplino: uɣútaqā, uɣútaquq 1, 2, uɣúmalʁī 3, uɣútkaq 'roasted bannock'

Naukan: ūtaqá, ūtaquq 1, utǝ́ruʁāpixtāqa (magn.) 'to boil over'

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: ūma- 3

Central Alaskan Yupik: ūtǝ- 2, ū- 3, ūɣaq 'sth. cooked'

Nunivak (Peripheral): utta* 1, uttoχ* 'to burn'

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 361, 362

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *uu-t-, *uu-ru-ʁ

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: to boil 1, to be boiled 2, to be cooked 3, boiled meat 4

Russian meaning: варить 1, кипяченый 2, приготовленный 3, вареное мясо 4

Seward Peninsula Inupik: ūt- 3

SPI Dialects: Imaq utáʁa 1, ūtumāroq 2, úraq 'boiled fish', W ūtka*, ūtoq* 'to cook'

North Alaskan Inupik: ūt- 3, ūruq 4

NAI Dialects: B, Ingl ūtka* 'to cook'

Western Canadian Inupik: ūt- 3, 'to cook'

WCI Dialects: Cor, M ūtka* 'to cook'

Eastern Canadian Inupik: ūjuq 4

Greenlandic Inupik: ūt- 1, ū- (ûvoq*) 2, ūi(q) 'meat or fish that is boiling', ūšuq 4

GRI Dialects: EG ūlaq, ūtsit 'food being cooked', NG ūttuq 4

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 361, 362

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVTV

Meaning : burn, fire

Eurasiatic : *qoṭi

Afroasiatic : *hVwat- (+ Sem.)

Sino-Caucasian : *χwVdV ( ~ Gw-)

Austric : PAA *ka:t / *kat 'to burn', PAN *zeket 'burn, catch fire'

Amerind (misc.) : *(ʔ)oti 'fire, burn' (GE 110)

Reference : ОСНЯ 2, 103-104; ND 1896; Peiros 1989, 129; GE *qoti.

Afroasiatic etymology :

Proto-Afro-Asiatic: *hVwat-

Meaning: fire

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Egyptian: hwt 'fire' (sarc)

Western Chadic: *Hut-/*Hwat-

Central Chadic: *xwat-

Egyptian etymology :

Old Egyptian: hwt (sarc)

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'fire'

West Chadic etymology :

Proto-WChadic: *Hut-/*Hwat-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'fire'

Hausa: wútā́

Dera=Kanakuru: wátì [NmK]

Jimi: wut́o [Cs]

Geji: wútu ́ [Cs N374]

Mangas: wur, wut [Cs]

Zaar: wit [CLR]

Barawa: wut(u)

Burma: wut

Sayanchi: wut

Boghom: wur [Cs]

Dwot: wū́tū [Cs N 374]

Buli: ū́t [Cs N 374]

Kir: wut [CLR : 138]

Tule: wuti [CLR]

Wangday: wū̀ra [CLR]

Tala: wudi [CLR]

Central Chadic etymology :

Proto-CChadic: *xwat-

Afroasiatic etymology: Afroasiatic etymology

Meaning: 'fire'

Tera: wǝ̀tì [Kr N 126]

Gaanda: wǝ̀ta [Kr N 126]

Gabin: wǝ̀te [Kr]

Boka: xwǝ̂tǝ [Kr]

Hwona: warā [Kr]

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *χwVdV ( ~ Gw-)

Meaning: fire, hearth

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Sino-Tibetan: *Qʷit

Yenisseian: *χɔʔt

Sino-Tibetan etymology :

Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *Qʷit

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hearth, cooking place

Tibetan: sgjid-bu, sgjed-po a hearth, fire-place.

Kachin: lǝwot³ a cooking place dug as in the side of an embankment; wut.31 burn

Kiranti: *hát 'burn'

Comments: Cf. LB: Zhaiwa mut ( < *m-ʔut ?) 'burn'.

Kiranti etymology :

Proto-Kiranti: *hát / *hán (~χ-)

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Meaning: roast, burn

Kaling: 'hannä ('hattu) burn, roast, bake

Limbu: hāmmā (hāndu) to kindle

Dumi: hɨtnɨ

Yamphu: hiʔma (?)

Limbu dictionary :

Entry: ha:mmaʔ, -ha:nd-/-ha:n-

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Grammar: vt.

Meaning: burn (bǝtti lamp, or an object in a fire)

Derivation: [dir. < haʔmaʔ catch on fire]

Comments: set something on fire; sapla kɛha:ndubai:? Are you burning a piece of writing?; cf. lapmaʔ, tukmaʔ, tupmaʔ.

Dumi dictionary :

Entry: hɨtnɨ

Kiränti etymology: Kiränti etymology

Grammar: vt-2a hɨt-hɨts/hɨs

Meaning: burn (+ inedible, e.g. sɨ 'firewood')

Nepali: ḍaḍhnu.

Derivation: [dir. < ɨtnɨ 'roast']

Yamphu dictionary :

Entry: hiʔma II

Kiranti etymology: Kiranti etymology

Stem: <hid- ; hit->

Grammar: v.intr. & v.tr.

Meaning: 1) v.intr. to be burnt, to be scorched, to be singed 2) v.tr. to burn, to scorch.

Comments: 1) hikkhäʔma to get burnt

Nepali: ḍaḍnu, polnu

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *χɔʔt

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to burn, fire

Ket: daq-qɔt 'to roast' (Werner 1, 305)

Yug: xɔtn⁵, xɔtet́⁶ (Werner 1, 305 adds: xɔʔt)

Kottish: hat, pl. hati, hatan "fire"; hat akfātekŋ "to burn, set fire"; xat (Бол.) "fire"; Ass. hat (М., Сл., Срсл., Кл.) "fire"

Arin: kōt "fire" (Стр.), qot id. (Срсл.), qott id. (М., Сл., Кл.), kot id. (Лоск.)

Comments: ССЕ 304. Cf. also Yug xɔttan⁶ "the front corner in the house" (probably derived from 'hearth', 'fire').

Austric etymology :

Proto-Austric: *kVt

Meaning: burn

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

Proto-Austroasiatic: *ka:t / *kat

Austroasiatic meaning: to burn

Proto-Austronesian: *zeket

Austronesian meaning: burn, catch fire

Austronesian code: 25:33

Austro-Asiatic etymology :

Proto-Austro-Asiatic: *ka:t / *kat

Meaning: burn

Austric etymology: Austric etymology

Proto-Katuic: *ka:t

Proto-Bahnaric: WB *ka:t

Khmer: kat

Proto-Monic: PN *kat

Proto-Palaungic: PrAn *gat E?

Katuic etymology :

Proto-Katuic: *ka:t

Meaning: to burn, burned

Presyllable: #

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Katuic: *ka:t

Proto-East Katuic: *ka:t

References: P-212; TK15.206; TK15.207

West Katuic etymology :

Proto-West Katuic: *ka:t

Meaning: to burn, burned

Presyllable: #

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Bru Van Keu: ka:t

Bru Van Keu meaning: to burn, be on fire

So: ka:t.N

So meaning: be burned

Bru: ka:t.N

Bru meaning: be on fire; tǝkat to light

Sou: ka:t

Kui: ka:t.N

Kui meaning: to burn (of fire)

Kuay: ka:t.N

Kuay meaning: burn (intr.)

Ngeu: ka:t.N

Ngeu meaning: burn (v.tr.)

East Katuic etymology :

Proto-East Katuic: *ka:t

Meaning: to burn, burned

Presyllable: #

Katuic etymology: Katuic etymology

Pakoh: ka:t

Pakoh meaning: burned (food)

Lao Katu: ka:t

Lao Katu meaning: be burnt already

Ngeq: ka:t

Ngeq meaning: burned

Kri: ka:t

Chatong: ka:t

Kantu dialects: ka:t

Dakkan dialects (1): ka:t

Dakkan dialects (2): ka:t

Dakkan meaning: burn (vintr.)

Bahnar etymology :

Proto-Bahnaric: *ka:t

Meaning: burnt, burn (vi)

Presyllable: #

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-West Bahnaric: *ka:t

West Bahnaric etymology :

Proto-West- Bahnaric: *ka:t

Meaning: burnt, burn (vi)

Bahnaric etymology: Bahnaric etymology

Jaru form: ka:t

Lavi: ka:t

References: TB17.494a

Khmer etymology :

Khmer: ka:t'

Meaning: (of fire) to catch, light

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Old Khmer: kat, ka:t

References: JP7

Monic etymology :

Proto-Monic:

Presyllable: cf. 546

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Nyakur: PN *kat

Nyakur meaning: (fire) to be lit

References: N233, note

Palaung-Wa etymology :

Proto-Palaung-Wa:

Meaning: hot

Austro-Asiatic etymology: Austro-Asiatic etymology

Proto-Angku: *gat

Angku etymology :

Proto-Angku: *gat

Meaning: hot

Palaung-Wa etymology: Palaung-Wa etymology

Pangpin: kat.31

U: kat.1

References: WW-735; S-119

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