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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Kalɨm
Meaning: 1 ransom for bride 2 fee
Russian meaning: 1 выкуп за невесту 2 штраф, подать
Old Turkic: qalan (OUygh.) 2
Turkish: kalɨn 1
Tatar: qalɨm 1
Uzbek: qalin
Turkmen: Galɨŋ 2
Khakassian: xalɨm 1
Oyrat: qalɨm, qalɨŋ 1
Chuvash: xolъm 1
Yakut: xalɨm, xalɨ̄m 1
Tuva: xɨlɨŋ 1 (dial. Todzh.)
Tofalar: xɨlɨm 1
Kirghiz: qalɨŋ 1
Kazakh: qalɨŋ 1
Noghai: qalɨm 1
Bashkir: qalɨm 1
Balkar: qalɨn 1
Karakalpak: qalɨŋ 1
Kumyk: qalɨm 1
turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-nogx,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-klpx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *kălo
Meaning: to change, borrow
Russian meaning: менять, брать в долг
Comments: EAS 46, 154, АПиПЯЯ 75, Martin 228. The tone correspondence between Kor. and Jpn. is irregular, so the accent reconstruction here is difficult; note that the Kor. high tone here must be archaic, because it resists the general Korean tendency to introduce low tone into all verbal forms. altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *kala-
Meaning: to change, alternate
Russian meaning: менять, чередовать
Written Mongolian: qala- (L 916) Khalkha: xala-
Buriat: xala-
Kalmuck: xalǝ-
Ordos: xala-
Comments: KW 162, MGCD 319. ( > Evk. kala-, Man. χala- etc., ТМС 1, 364, Doerfer MT 81). Cf. also qalamǯi 'care, attention'. monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dag,monget-reference,
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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *kalma-gda
Meaning: rich bride
Russian meaning: богатая невеста (за которую брали большой калым)
Negidal: kalmagda
Ulcha: qalmaǯa
Oroch: kamaǯa
tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-neg,tunget-ulc,tunget-orc,tunget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *kắr-
Meaning: to change
Russian meaning: менять
Modern Korean: kal-
Middle Korean: kắr-
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kár-
Meaning: to borrow
Russian meaning: брать в долг
Old Japanese: kar-
Middle Japanese: kár-
Tokyo: kàri-
Kyoto: kárí-
Kagoshima: karí-
Comments: JLTT 704. The transitive match ('to lend') is PJ *kár-s- > OJ kás-. japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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