Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *Kuĺ

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 bird 2 duck

Russian meaning: 1 птица 2 утка

Old Turkic: quš 1 (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: quš 1 (MK, KB)

Turkish: kuš 1

Tatar: qoš 1

Middle Turkic: quš 1 (Sangl.); 'moth' (Abush.)

Uzbek: quš 1

Uighur: quš 1

Sary-Yughur: Gus 1

Azerbaidzhan: Guš 1

Turkmen: Guš 1

Khakassian: xus 1

Shor: quš 1; 'hen'

Oyrat: quš 1

Halaj: quš, Guš (< Az.) 'sparrow'

Yakut: kus 2

Dolgan: kus 2

Tuva: qu'š 1

Tofalar: qu'š 1

Kirghiz: quš 1

Kazakh: qus 1

Noghai: qus 1

Bashkir: qoš 1

Balkar: quš 1

Gagauz: quš 1

Karaim: quš 1

Karakalpak: qus 1

Salar: Guš 1

Kumyk: quš 1

Comments: VEWT 305, TMN 3, 547-548; EDT 670; ЭСТЯ 6, 180-182, Лексика 168, Stachowski 162. Chuv. xъlat 'hawk' < Mong.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *k`ū̀ĺa (~-o,-u)

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a k. of big bird

Russian meaning: вид большой птицы

Turkic: *Kuĺ

Mongolian: *kuladu

Tungus-Manchu: *xōlī

Comments: АПиПЯЯ 281, Дыбо 9, Лексика 168. A Western isogloss. The Turk. form can also be compared with PTM *kila- "a k. of aquatic bird" or *kulV- id.

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *kuladu

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: duck-hawk

Russian meaning: вид ястреба, лунь

Written Mongolian: quladu (L 984: qulatu)

Middle Mongolian: quladu (SH)

Khalkha: xult

Buriat: xulda

Kalmuck: xuldǝ

Ordos: xuladu

Comments: KW 195-196. Mong. > Shor quladɨ etc. (see VEWT 298, ЭСТЯ 6, 128-129).

Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xōlī

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: raven, crow

Russian meaning: ворон, ворона

Evenki: ōlī

Even: olịnǯa

Negidal: ōlī.

Nanai: χolī.

Oroch: oli

Udighe: wali

Solon: oĺē, olī

Comments: ТМС 2, 13. TM > Dag. oĺē (Тод. Даг. 159). Shortness in Nan. is irregular (probably dissimilatory, before the next long vowel).

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ḳUĺV

Meaning: a k. of bird

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *kolomb-

Altaic: *k`ū̀ĺa (~-o,-u)

Uralic: *kulV(-kV)

Dravidian: *kulur

Eskimo-Aleut: *qiɫaŋa- (~ -ŋʁ-) (cf. also *quli-(quli-) )

Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *qʷĕlɣʷǝ-

Comments: [For PD cf. also PA *ki̯ujilV (828)]

References: ND 877 *koĺu 'to fly, wing' (part of Alt. + Cush. + IE *gʷelw-?); 1033 *Ḳu/oḷV 'raven, crow' (TM + Ur.).

Indo-European etymology :

Proto-IE: *kolomb- (kh-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: pigeon

Old Greek: kólümbo-s m. `kleiner Tauchen, Podiceps minor'; kolümbís, kolümbás `id.'

Slavic: *golǭbь

Latin: columba, gen. -ae f., columbus, gen. -ī m. `Taube(r), Schlagtaube'

Russ. meaning: птица (голубь ?)

References: WP I 440 f

Vasmer's dictionary :

Uralic etymology :

Number: 395

Proto: *kulV(-kV)

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: raven

German meaning: Rabe

Khanty (Ostyak): kɔḷǝk (V), χulǝχ (DN), χolǝχ (O) 'Rabe'

Mansi (Vogul): kolā^.k (TJ), χolχ (KU), kulk (P), χulaχ (So.)

Hungarian: holló

Nenets (Yurak): χūlī (O)

Enets (Yen): kuðuke (Ch.), kuruke (B)

Nganasan (Tawgi): kula

Selkup: kylä̀ (Ta.), kulé (Ke.), kulä (Ty.), külǟ (Tur.)

Kamass: kuli, kшli

Addenda: Koib. kullae

Dravidian etymology :

Proto-Dravidian : *kulur-

Meaning : crane

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kulur

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kulur-

Kolami-Gadba etymology :

Proto-Kolami-Gadba : *kulur

Meaning : crane

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Parji : kulur "a kind of crane"

Additional forms : Also Parji kolor a kind of crane or heron

Number in DED : 1808

Gondwan etymology :

Proto-Gondi-Kui : *kulur-

Meaning : crane, heron

Dravidian etymology: Dravidian etymology

Konda : kulur

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kulur-

Konda etymology :

Konda : kulur

Meaning: a crane

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Konda (Burrow/Bhattacharya) : kuluri

Number in DED : 1808

Kui-Kuwi etymology :

Proto-Kui-Kuwi : *kulur-

Meaning : crane, heron

Gondwan etymology: Gondwan etymology

Kui : kuluri

Number in DED : 1808

Eskimo etymology :

Proto-Eskimo: *qiɫaŋa- (~ -ŋʁ-)

Meaning: puffin

Russian meaning: топорок

Proto-Yupik: *qilaŋa-

Proto-Inupik: *qilaŋŋa- (< *-ɫ-)

Comments: Cf. Proto-Inupik *qilʁǝʁ 'rough-legged hawk'.

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 304

Yupik etymology :

Proto-Yupik: *qilaŋa-

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: puffin

Russian Meaning: топорок (птица)

Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: qilaŋaq

Central Alaskan Yupik: qilaŋaq

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 304

Inupik etymology :

Proto-Inupik: *qilaŋŋa- (< *-ɫ-)

Eskimo etymology: Eskimo etymology

Meaning: puffin

Russian meaning: топорок (птица)

Seward Peninsula Inupik: qilaŋaq

SPI Dialects: Imaq qiɫáŋaq, qiláŋaq

North Alaskan Inupik: qiĺaŋŋaq

Greenlandic Inupik: qilaŋŋaq

Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 304

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Kamchatkan: *qʷĕlhʷǝ-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning (Rus.): ворон

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *felbǝ #

Proto-Itelmen: *qɫh "

Chukchee-Koryak etymology :

Proto-Chukchee-Koryak: *felbǝ #

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): ворон

Chukchee: vɛ́tlǝ, vɛlvǝ-

Koryak: wèllǝ, welvǝ- (I)

Palan: welǝw, welvǝ- (I)

Alutor: wàllǝ, walvǝ-

Comments: Чук. wɛlw-it (wɛlw-it-ti pl.) 'казарка (гусь)' (АБ).

Itelmen etymology :

Proto-Itelmen: *qɫh "

Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology: Chukchee-Kamchatkan etymology

Meaning (Rus.): ворон

Itelmen: fe'-qɫh 1

Itelmen meaning: ворон 1, ворона 2

West Itelmen: kĺa-klɣ, kĺ'an-kĺɣ 1, xej-kĺɣ 1

West Itelmen meaning: corvus cornix 1 corvus corax 2

West Itelmen meaning (Polish): wrona 1, kruk 2

Number in Volodin 1976: 35

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : KVLV

Meaning : a k. of bird

Eurasiatic : *ḳUĺV

Afroasiatic : ?? Cush. *kol- 'wing'

Sino-Caucasian : *xGHwVɫV́

African (misc.) : ? Bantu *-kódị̀ 'kind of hawk', *-kùàdé 'partridge'.

Reference : ND 877 (Cush. + part of Nostr.).

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *xGHwVɫV́

Meaning: crow, jackdaw

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *GHwV̄ɫV

Yenisseian: *kɨla

Basque: *beɫe

Comments and references : PY shortness does not correspond to PNC length.

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *GHwV̄ɫV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a k. of bird (jackdaw, crow)

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *ʁʷilV

Proto-Dargwa: *q:ulq:a

Proto-West Caucasian: *q:Iʷaĺa ( ~ -Ĺ-)

Notes: An onomatopoeic root; however, correspondences are quite regular and the PNC reconstruction seems probable. The Darg. form is reduplicated; since the root is present only in a part of Av.-And. languages and Darg., the vocalic reconstruction for PEC is uncertain.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *ʁʷilV

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 jackdaw 2 partridge

Avar: ʁálo 1

Chamalal: ʁola 2 (Gig.)

Dargwa etymology :

Proto-Dargwa: *q:ulq:a

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: crow

Chiragh: q:ulq:a

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *q:Iʷaĺa ( ~ -Ĺ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 crow 2 wild birds (generic) 3 jackdaw

Adyghe: q:ʷaLa-ź 1

Kabardian: q:ʷaLa-bzuw 2

Ubykh: qIaLa 3

Comments: PAK *q:ʷaLa (cf. also Ad. q:ʷaLa-bzǝw = Kab. q:ʷaLa-bzuw). Despite Shagirov (1,232) the Ub. form can not be regarded as an Adygh loan (because of pharyngealisation); see Mészáros 1934, 352, Abdokov 1973, 55. Although loss of labialisation in Ub. is not quite clear, other correspondences are quite regular.

    The comparison of PAK *q:ʷaLa and Abkh. a-laħʷa 'raven' (Lomtatidze 1961, 121) is untenable; see Shagirov 1,232, Klimov 1967, 302.

Yenisseian etymology :

Proto-Yenisseian: *kɨla

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: crow

Ket: kɨ̄ĺ¹, pl. kɨ:ĺ³ / kɨ:ĺn³

Yug: kɨl¹, pl. kɨ:ĺ³

Kottish: hīla

Comments: ССЕ 239. Cf. also Ket kɨĺet⁶, pl. kɨĺet⁵, -n⁵ 'bullfinch', perhaps derived from *kɨla (although the meaning raises some doubts). Werner 1, 482 *k^hɨlǝ.

Basque etymology :

Proto-Basque: *beɫe

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 raven 2 crow 3 hawk, sparrowhawk

Bizkaian: bela 1, belatxika 2, belatxinga 2

Gipuzkoan: bela, bele 1, (Donostia) belatxinga 2

High Navarrese: bela, bele 1, belatxika 2

Low Navarrese: bele 1, belatxika 2, belatx 2, 3

Lapurdian: bela 1, belatx 3

Zuberoan: béle 1, belexega 2, belátz 3

Comments: Azkue cites (ANV, BZK, BNV, GIP, LAB, ZBR) bela 'raven', though Mitxelena (1961, p. 128) cites (BZK) bela as opposed to bele in other dialects.

Total pages generated Pages generated by this script 665128 1593082	Help
StarLing database server Powered by CGI scripts Copyright 1998-2003 by S. Starostin Copyright 1998-2003 by G. Bronnikov Copyright 2005-2014 by Phil Krylov