Tungus etymology :

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *mōsa

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 grinder, grinding stone 2 to grind 3 to thresh 4 thresher

Russian meaning: 1 жернов 2 молоть 3 молотить 4 молотилка

Literary Manchu: mose-la- 2, mose-la-qu 1

Ulcha: moso-lo-qu 1

Nanai: mōso (Bik., Он.) 1; mōso-la- 3, mōsolaqo 4

Comments: ТМС 1, 547.

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *mi̯ā̀sò

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: a cutting or grinding tool

Russian meaning: орудие для резания или перетирания

Mongolian: *mese

Tungus-Manchu: *mōsa

Japanese: *màsà-

Comments: Cf. also Orok masāri `axe' (probably < Jpn.).

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *mese

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: sword, blade, axe

Russian meaning: меч, лезвие, топор

Written Mongolian: mese (L 537)

Middle Mongolian: mese (SH)

Khalkha: mes

Buriat: mese < Khalkha ?

Kalmuck: mesǝ

Ordos: mese

Comments: KW 262, TMN 1, 499.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *màsà-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 sword 2 timber axe

Russian meaning: 1 меч 2 топор

Old Japanese: masakari 2

Middle Japanese: màsàfì 1, màsàkàrì 2

Tokyo: masakari 2

Comments: JLTT 472.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *mVc`V

Meaning: to cut

Borean: Borean

Altaic: *mi̯ā̀sò

Uralic: Sam. *mъcɔ 'cut'

Dravidian: NDr *mōc- 'to cut'

References: ND 1365 *mu/o[ĉ/ŝ](V)ʡV 'cut, cut into pieces, tear off'.

Long-range etymologies :

Borean (approx.) : MVCV

Meaning : to cut, tear

Eurasiatic : *mVCV

Afroasiatic : *mVŝ- / *mVĉ- 'to cut, tear off' (Eg., Ar., Cush., Omot.)

Sino-Caucasian : *wēnsĔ́

Reference : ND 1365.

Sino-Caucasian etymology :

Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *wīnsĔ́

Meaning: knife, sickle

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *wēnsĔ

Burushaski: *bisár-

North Caucasian etymology :

Proto-North Caucasian: *wēnsĔ

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: a cutting or chopping instrument

Proto-Nakh: *mārs

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *bisun

Proto-Tsezian: *bǝz(:)ɔ

Proto-Khinalug: waz

Proto-West Caucasian: *śa ( ~ š-)

Notes: A regular common WC cultural term. The Av.-And. form has a frequent nasal suffix (*bisu-n); the Av. form nus either reflects *mus < *wVns, or reveals a later nasal assimilation under the influence of the same suffix lost earlier (cf. Akhv. mešu < *bešun < *bisu-n). See Abdokov 1983, 126 (with some confusion of two roots: *wēnsĔ and *HVrsA q.v.).

    It is not quite clear whether we should also relate here Lak. Bartkh. (cited in Хайдаков 1966) marza 'some detail of a plough'; voiced -z- is quite irregular, and the word could be an old loanword from some related source (cf. the Nakh form *mārs or the voicing in PTs *bǝzɔ).

Nakh etymology :

Proto-Nakh: *mārs

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: sickle

Chechen: mars

Ingush: mars

Comments: Obl. base *mārse- (cf. Chech. märsa-, Ing. marso). Cf. also Lev., Shat. mārs, Shar., Khild. mārc (with a secondary -c). 6th class in both languages.

Avar-Andian etymology :

Protoform: *bisun

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: knife

Avar: nus

Chadakolob: nuš

Andian language: besun

Akhvakh: mešu

Chamalal: besũ

Tindi: besun

Karata: besun

Botlikh: besun

Bagvalal: besun

Godoberi: besun

Comments: Av. paradigm C (nusó-l, núsa-l, Chad. nošó-l, núša-l). Cf. also Akhv. Tseg., Tlan. bušun, Ratl. bešun, Cham. Gig. besun.

Tsezian etymology :

Proto-Tsezian: *bǝz(:)ɔ

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: hoe, pick

Tsezi: bizo

Ginukh: bezo

Khvarshi: bizo (Radzhibov)

Bezhta: boza

Gunzib: bozo

Comments: PTsKh *bǝzo; PGB *boz[ɔ]. In PGB *-ǝ- would be regularly expected; -o- (or, in fact, Gunz. -o- - because Bezht. -o- goes back both to *o and to *ǝ) can be a result of labial assimilation.

Khinalug etymology :

Abkhaz-Adyghe etymology :

Proto-West-Caucasian: *śa ( ~ š-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 sabre 2 knife

Abkhaz: á-sa 1

Adyghe: sa 1

Kabardian: sa 2

Comments: PAT *śa (cf. Bzyb. á-śa); PAK *sa. Dirr has also recorded Ub. sa 'sabre' which is most probably an Abkh. or Ad. word. The correspondence PAT *ś : PAK *s points to PWC *ś or *š. Shagirov's linking this root with PWC *śV 'to beat, hit' is most probably faulty.

Burushaski etymology :

Common Burushaski: *bisár-

Sino-Caucasian Etymology: Sino-Caucasian Etymology

Meaning: 1 to harvest 2 sickle (with teeth like a saw)

Yasin: bisárk- 1, bisárṣ, bisáṣc̣ 2

Hunza: bisárk- 1, bisárṣ, bicárṣ 2

Nagar: bisárk- 1, bisárṣ 2

Comments: Sh. bisā́c̣ `sickle'

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