Tungus etymology : List with all references

Comments: Ozawa 269. The voicing in Jpn. contradicts unaspirated *-k- in PA: it may be secondary, under the influence of the synonymous *nuànkà-ra- (see *nŭ̀k`e).

altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-jap,altet-reference,

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Mongolian etymology :

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Proto-Mongolian: *ǯigutu-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to run away

Russian meaning: убегать

Written Mongolian: ǯiɣutu- (L 1077: ǯuɣtaɣa-, ǯiɣutaɣa-)

Khalkha: ʒugta-

Buriat: zugada-

monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,

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Japanese etymology :

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Proto-Japanese: *nìnká-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to run away, escape

Russian meaning: убегать

Old Japanese: niga-

Middle Japanese: nìgá-

Tokyo: nigé-

Kyoto: nigé-

Kagoshima: nìge-

Comments: JLTT 735.

japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,

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Nostratic etymology :

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Eurasiatic: *lVKV

Meaning: jump, run

Borean: Borean

Indo-European: *lek-

Altaic: *ĺi̯ŏ̀ki

Uralic: ObU *lü̆k- 'jump'

References: ND 1290 *lüHḲa ( ~ *ɫ/ɫ́üḲaʡV) 'to jump'.

nostret-meaning,nostret-prnum,nostret-ier,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-reference,

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Indo-European etymology :

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Proto-IE: *lek-

Meaning: to fly, to rush

Old Greek: *l[ē]káō: lēkā̂n = tò pròs ōidḕn orkheîsthai Hsch.

Slavic: *letētī, *lētātī

Baltic: *lē̃k- (*lek-ja-) vb., *lak-ā̂ f., *lak-t-ā̂ f., *lak-s-t-ā̂ f.

Russ. meaning: лететь, мчаться

References: Fraenkel 353

piet-meaning,piet-greek,piet-slav,piet-balt,piet-rusmean,piet-refer,

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Vasmer's dictionary :

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Word: лете́ть,

Near etymology: лечу́, укр. летíти, ст.-слав. летѣти, лештѫ (Рs. Sin.), болг. летя́, сербохорв. лѐтjети, ле́ти̑м, словен. letė́ti, letím, польск. lесiеć, lесę, в.-луж. lećeć, н.-луж. leśeś. Итер.: лета́ть, -а́ю, цслав. лѣтати, болг. ля́там, сербохорв. лиjѐтати, словен. lė́tati, чеш. létati, lítati, польск. latać, в.-луж. lětać, н.-луж. lětaś. Отсюда существит. лёт, род. п. -а, летки́ мн. "маховые перья", укр. лiт, род. п. ле́ту, сербохорв. ле̑т, словен. lèt, lę́ta, чеш. let, польск. lоt "полет".

Further etymology: Родственно лит. lekiù, lė̃kti "лететь", lakstýti "порхать", лтш. lèkt, lęcu, lècu "прыгать", lę̃kât, -ãju "подпрыгивать", греч. ληκᾶν ̇ τὸ πρὸς ᾠδην ὀρχεῖσθαι (Гесихий), λάξ "лягающийся", λακτίζω "топтать, лягать", лат. lōcusta "саранча", нов.-в.-н. löсkеn "лягать, прыгать", ср.-в.-н. lесkеn -- то же, норв. lakka "прыгать"; см. Мейе, Ét. 180, 297; Остхоф, РВВ 13, 412 и сл.; Лиден, РВВ 15, 516 и сл.; Бернекер 1, 703 и сл.; М.--Э. 2, 458 и сл.; Френкель, Мél. Воisасq 1, 364; ZfslPh 20, 249; Перссон 138; Уленбек, РВВ 30, 297. Неоднократно высказывалось предположение о контаминации и.-е. *lek- и *реt- (др.-инд. pátati "летит", греч. πέτομαι "лечу"); см. Френкель, Эндзелин, там же; см. сомнения на этот счет у Мейе, ВSL 27, 156.

Pages: 2,488

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Baltic etymology :

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Proto-Baltic: *lē̃k- (*lek-ja-) vb., *lak-ā̂ f., *lak-t-ā̂ f., *lak-s-t-ā̂ f.

Meaning: fly, run

Indo-European etymology: Indo-European etymology

Lithuanian: lē̃kti (lẽkia, lē̃kē) 'fliegen, laufen, rennen, stürzen', lakà 'Flugloch (am Bienenkorb, am Taubenschlag)', laktà, lakštà 'Sitzstange für das Federvieh, Sprosse im Vogelkäfig'

Lettish: lèkt (lęcu, lècu), lekt (lęcu, lecu), lèkt (lę̀cu, lecu) 'springen, hüpfen; fliegen; herrühren; geschehen'

baltet-meaning,baltet-prnum,baltet-lith,baltet-lett,

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Long-range etymologies :

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Borean (approx.) : LVKV

Meaning : to jump, run

Eurasiatic : *lVKV

Afroasiatic : ? *lVḳ- 'jump, run' (Berb., Ar., some Chad.)

Sino-Caucasian : *lVqwV

Reference : ND 1289, 1290.

globet-meaning,globet-nostr,globet-afas,globet-scc,globet-reference,

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Sino-Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Caucasian: *lVqwV

Meaning: to jump, run

Borean etymology: Borean etymology

North Caucasian: *=ilqwV [+ *=ilqwĀ 1927]

Sino-Tibetan: *loŋH (p-)

Basque: *e=alki

Comments and references : Perhaps more than one root (cf. also PNC *=ilqwĀ `to run'; in NC cf. also *=iƛ_wVn `to run').

sccet-meaning,sccet-prnum,sccet-cauc,sccet-stib,sccet-basq,sccet-notes,

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North Caucasian etymology :

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Proto-North Caucasian: *=ilqwV

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to dance

Proto-Avaro-Andian: *r-iqʷV-n ( ~ -χʷ-)

Proto-Dargwa: *-ulq-

Proto-Lezghian: *ʔilqʷe

Notes: Reconstructed for the PEC level. Although superficially the Darg. and Lezg. forms look quite alike, the correspondence between them is irregular. There are two possible explanations:

a) the original form was *-ilq_wV (which should have yielded PD *-ilq:ʷ- or *-ulq:-, and PA *-i(r)q:ʷ-), but in PD and PA there occurred a contamination with PEC *-iqʷV 'to run' - q.v. This hypothesis is possible, but not very likely, because we have to suppose an independent contamination in two branches (PA and PD);

b) the original form was *-ilqwV, which regularly yielded PA *-iqʷ- and PD *-ulq-; in PL we should expect *ʔilχʷe-, but this form was avoided because of its homonymousness with *ʔilχʷe- 'to die' (q.v.). For this reason the expected change *qʷ > *χʷ did not happen. This explanation seems more probable, because it involves irregularity only in one branch (PL).

caucet-prnum,caucet-meaning,caucet-aand,caucet-darg,caucet-lezg,caucet-comment,

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Avar-Andian etymology :

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Protoform: *r-iqʷV-n ( ~ -χʷ-)

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: dance

Chamalal: woχũ

Comments: Cf. also Cham. Gig. ruχun id. Attested only in Cham., but having probable external parallels.

aandet-prnum,aandet-meaning,aandet-chm,aandet-comment,

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Dargwa etymology :

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Proto-Dargwa: *-ulq-

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: to dance

Akusha: ulq-es

Comments: Cf. also PD *d-elq(ʷ) 'dance' > Ak., Chir. delq.

darget-prnum,darget-meaning,darget-drg,darget-comment,

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Lezghian etymology :

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Proto-Lezghian: *ʔilqʷe

North Caucasian etymology: North Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to dance 2 dance

Tabasaran: jalqʷa-n 2

Agul: luq-as 1

Rutul: h-ulqʷa-s 1

Archi: qe-bus 1

Comment: The irregular q- in Archi can be explained by a contamination with another PL root, *ʔirq:ʷä- 'to roll, turn round' (q.v.). The common PL derivate *j-ilqʷV-n 'dance', beside Tab. jalqʷan (Kand. jarqʷan, Düb. jalqan), is reflected also in Ag. luqun (Burk. liqun) id.

See Хайдаков 1973, 142.

lezget-prnum,lezget-meaning,lezget-tab,lezget-agu,lezget-rut,lezget-arc,lezget-comment,

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Sino-Tibetan etymology :

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Proto-Sino-Tibetan: *loŋH (p-)

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: run, jump

Chinese: 踊 *loŋʔ to jump

Kachin: phroŋ³ (Ch) flee, run away.

Comments: Mikir arploŋ run, iŋploŋ run, gallop.

stibet-prnum,stibet-meaning,stibet-chin,stibet-kach,stibet-comments,

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Chinese characters :

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Character: 踊

Modern (Beijing) reading: yǒng

Preclassic Old Chinese: loŋʔ

Classic Old Chinese: lóŋ

Western Han Chinese: lóŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: źóŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: źóŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: jóŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: jóŋ

Middle Chinese: jö́uŋ

English meaning : to jump

Comments: Since Han also written as 踴. The character has also a homonymous reading *loŋʔ 'shoes for criminals with lopped toes'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Go-on: ju, juu

Kan-on: jou

Japanese reading: yō;odoru;odori

Shijing occurrences: 31.1

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Basque etymology :

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Proto-Basque: *e=alki

Sino-Caucasian etymology: Sino-Caucasian etymology

Meaning: 1 to leave, go out 2 carry off, remove 3 take out 4 adapt, comply

Gipuzkoan: jalki 1, 3, 4

High Navarrese: jalki 1, 3, 4

Low Navarrese: ilkhi 1, 2, jalgi, jelgi 1

Salazarese: elki, ilki 1

Lapurdian: ilki, ilkhi 1, 2

Zuberoan: élkhi 1, 2, jálkhi 1

Roncalese: érkin 1, 2

Comments: It is also possible that -ki (-khi, -gi) is the common verbal suffix. A suffixless form jali 'to go out, leave' is attested in LAB-arc, BNV-Hazparren, BNV-Mugerre. This jali < *e=ali may be related to a different PEC verb such as *=Vmƛ̣V 'to go, to come'.

basqet-prnum,basqet-meaning,basqet-gip,basqet-anv,basqet-bnv,basqet-sal,basqet-lab,basqet-zbr,basqet-rnc,basqet-comments,

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