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Tungus etymology :
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Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *gūn-
Meaning: 1 to say 2 to think
Russian meaning: 1 сказать 2 думать
Evenki: gūn- 1
Even: gȫn- 1
Negidal: gūn- 1
Spoken Manchu: Goni- 2 (1848)
Literary Manchu: Guni- 2
Jurchen: xen-du-ru (467) 1
Ulcha: wembuwu 1
Orok: un- 1
Nanai: un(de)- 1
Oroch: gun- 1
Udighe: gun- 1
Solon: gun- 1
Comments: ТМС 1, 171. Loss of *g- in Ul., Orok and Nan., as well as vowel shortening is unclear (perhaps a different root). tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-sib,tunget-man,tunget-chu,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,
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Altaic etymology :
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Proto-Altaic: *gū̀no
Meaning: to think
Russian meaning: думать
Comments: Poppe 24, KW 155, ОСНЯ 1, 234, АПиПЯЯ 291. "Verbal" low tone in Korean. There are several "mental" verbs of the type KUNV in Altaic, and they are not always easy to distinguish from each other. Besides *gū̀no 'think' cf. also notes to *kḕńu 'distress, envy', *k`i̯ŭnu 'to long, covet', *k`i̯ū́ńa 'punishment' (the latter - with additional analogies with *guna 'attack, torture'). On the whole this produces an extremely complicated etymological situation, and we are not sure we have disentangled everything correctly. altet-prnum,altet-meaning,altet-rusmean,altet-turc,altet-mong,altet-tung,altet-kor,altet-jap,altet-reference,
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Turkic etymology :
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Proto-Turkic: *Kun-
Meaning: 1 attention, care 2 usefulness 3 to yearn, be anxious, sorry
Russian meaning: 1 внимание, старание, прилежание 2 польза, толк 3 тосковать, печалиться, горевать
Tatar: qon 1, (dial.) qonar 2; qono 'diligent, busy', qonoq- 'to get used, become accustomed'
Uzbek: qunt 1
Oyrat: qunuq-, qunan-, qunal- 3
Tuva: qunuq- 3
Kirghiz: qunt 1, qunar 2
Kazakh: qunt 1
Bashkir: qont (dial.) 1, qonar 2
Karakalpak: qunt 1; qunɨq- 'become accustomed'
Comments: ЭСТЯ 6, 147-148, 149-150. *Kun- 'to yearn, be sorry' and *Kun- 'attention, usefulness' can hardly be separated; despite late attestation a theory of Mong. origin ( < Mong. guni-) is hardly plausible because of quite different affixation. turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-alt,turcet-tuv,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-bas,turcet-klpx,turcet-reference,
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Mongolian etymology :
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Proto-Mongolian: *guni-
Meaning: be sad, anxious
Russian meaning: грустить
Written Mongolian: ɣuni-
Khalkha: guni-
Buriat: guni-
Kalmuck: ɣuńǝ-
Ordos: Gunid-
Dongxian: Gunira-
Dagur: guni-
monget-prnum,monget-meaning,monget-rusmean,monget-wmo,monget-hal,monget-bur,monget-kal,monget-ord,monget-dun,monget-dag,monget-reference,
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Korean etymology :
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Proto-Korean: *kɨ̀nɨ̀r-
Meaning: to take care of, to look after
Russian meaning: заботиться, присматривать за
Modern Korean: kɨnɨrɨ-
Middle Korean: kɨ̀nɨ̀r'ù-
koret-prnum,koret-meaning,koret-rusmean,koret-phn,koret-ako,koret-reference,
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Japanese etymology :
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Proto-Japanese: *kǝ̀nǝ̀-m-
Meaning: to like, wish
Russian meaning: любить, желать
Old Japanese: konom-
Middle Japanese: kònòm-
Tokyo: konóm-
Kyoto: kónóm-
Kagoshima: kònòm-
japet-prnum,japet-meaning,japet-rusmean,japet-ajp,japet-mjp,japet-tok,japet-kyo,japet-kag,japet-comments,
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Nostratic etymology :
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Eurasiatic: *gu[nH]i
Meaning: to think
References: МССНЯ 339, ОСНЯ 1, 234; ND 640 *gun̄[h]i (+Eg.). nostret-meaning,nostret-alt,nostret-ura,nostret-kart,nostret-esk,nostret-reference,
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Uralic etymology :
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Number: 407
Proto: *kunta-lV-
English meaning: to hear, listen
German meaning: hören, horchen
Finnish: kuuntele-, dial. kuntele- 'horchen, nachforschen, nachfragen' ?
Khanty (Ostyak): kunɣǝl- (V) 'hören', kuntǝɣлǝ- 'hören, vernehmen'
Mansi (Vogul): kantāl- (TJ), χōntl- (KU), kontl- (P), χūntl- (So.) 'horchen'
Hungarian: hall- 'hören, vernehmen', (altung.) hadl-
Sammalahti's version: *kunta-
uralet-proto,uralet-prnum,uralet-meaning,uralet-germmean,uralet-fin,uralet-khn,uralet-man,uralet-ugr,uralet-samm2,
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Kartvelian etymology :
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Proto-Kartvelian: *gon-
Russian meaning: думать
English meaning: to think
Georgian: gon-
Megrel: gon-
Svan: gon-, gn-
Laz: gon-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 63-64, EWK 87-88. В ОСНЯ 1, 234 картв. форма сопоставлена с алт. *gūno 'думать' < ностр. *gu[nH]i; то же сближение см. Бомхард 1996, 166.
kartet-prnum,kartet-rusmean,kartet-meaning,kartet-gru,kartet-meg,kartet-sva,kartet-laz,kartet-notes,
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Eskimo etymology :
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Proto-Eskimo: *uniɣ-ǝʁ(-), *uniɣ-paʁ-
Meaning: to tell a story, story, tale, news
Russian meaning: рассказывать, рассказ, предание, новости
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 373
esqet-prnum,esqet-meaning,esqet-rmean,esqet-yup,esqet-inup,esqet-refer,
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Yupik etymology :
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Proto-Yupik: *uni(ɣ)ǝʁ, *unik-paʁ-
Meaning: to tell, to narrate 1, story, tale 2, news 3
Russian Meaning: говорить, сообщать, рассказывать 1 предание, рассказ 2, новость, известие 3
Sirenik: uníʁcaχtǝ́qǝχtǝ́χ 1, [//uŋǝpǝʁ- 1 [Vakh] < Chap], uníχ 3, uníʁcaχ 2
Chaplino: uŋípātaquq 1, uŋipaʁān (tǝt) 2, uŋīpaq (t) 3
Naukan: uníkpaʁáquq 1, uníkpaq 2, 3, uníkpaʁáq 2
Alutiiq Alaskan Yupik: unixkuaq 2
Norton Sound (Peripheral): unifkaʁaq 2
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 373
yupet-prnum,yupet-mean,yupet-rmean,yupet-sir,yupet-chap,yupet-nauk,yupet-aay,yupet-nrts,yupet-ced,
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Inupik etymology :
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Proto-Inupik: *unipkaa-, unni-ʁ-, *unniqtuʁ-
Meaning: story, legend 1, to tell, to narrate 2, to promise 3
Russian meaning: рассказ, предание 1, рассказывать 2, обещать 3
Seward Peninsula Inupik: unipkāq 1, unnatuq- 3
SPI Dialects: Imaq unípkaq 1, unípkaʁātoq 2
North Alaskan Inupik: unipkāq, ulipkāq 1, unniqsuq- 3
NAI Dialects: Mal unipcāq 1
Western Canadian Inupik: unipkāq 1, unniq- 2, unniqtuq- 3
Eastern Canadian Inupik: unikkāq 1, unnituq- 'to tell take and use sth.', unnituqtaq 'person for whom sth. is promised or permitted'
Greenlandic Inupik: unikkāq (univkâq*) 1, unniʁ- 'to say (of one)', unniʁsuʁ- 3
GRI Dialects: NG unikāq- 2
Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: 373
inupet-prnum,inupet-meaning,inupet-rmean,inupet-spi,inupet-spis,inupet-nai,inupet-nais,inupet-wci,inupet-eci,inupet-gri,inupet-gris,inupet-ced,
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