Tungus etymology : List with all references

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *ńume-/ *ńama /*ńem-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 warm 2 soft 3 quiet 4 weak, loose

Russian meaning: 1 теплый 2 мягкий 3 спокойный 4 слабый, расслабленный

Evenki: ńama, -pču 1, ńemu-me 2, ńumu- 3

Even: ńam 1, ńumъn 3

Negidal: nam, ńamagdị 1, ńamu, nemu 2

Literary Manchu: neme-ri 2

Ulcha: ńama 1

Orok: namauli 1

Nanai: ńǟma, ńama 1, nemu 2, nimeku 'weakness'

Oroch: ńama 1

Udighe: ńamahi 1

Solon: namagdi 1

Comments: ТМС 1, 630-631, 652-653.

tunget-prnum,tunget-meaning,tunget-rusmean,tunget-evk,tunget-evn,tunget-neg,tunget-man,tunget-ulc,tunget-ork,tunget-nan,tunget-orc,tunget-ude,tunget-sol,tunget-reference,

Altaic etymology :

Proto-Altaic: *ni̯ùmà

Nostratic: Nostratic

Meaning: warm; soft, mild

Russian meaning: теплый; мягкий,нежный

Turkic: *jɨm-ĺčak

Mongolian: *nomu- /*neme- / *nima-

Tungus-Manchu: *ńume-/ *ńama / *ńem-

Japanese: *nàmià

Comments: EAS 76, KW 275, Martin 232 (Jpn.-Kor.), ОСНЯ 2, 86-87, АПиПЯЯ 69, 292, Дыбо 12, Мудрак Дисс. 91. The original meaning must have been 'soft, tender' (generally, or particularly - of weather, fruits etc.). An expressive root with phonetic variation, tending to contaminate with *ni̯ombu 'thin' q. v. (hence vocalic variation in Mongolian and Tungus; but despite Doerfer MT 69 it is hardly appropriate to regard the TM forms as mongolisms). In Mong. cf. also nalmi-gar ( < *namli-gar?) 'excessively soft, weak'.

Turkic etymology :

Proto-Turkic: *jɨm-ĺča-k

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: soft, mild

Russian meaning: мягкий

Old Turkic: jɨmšaq (Orkh.), jumšaq (OUygh.)

Karakhanid: jumšaq (MK)

Turkish: jumšak

Tatar: jomšaq

Middle Turkic: jumšaq (AH, Ettuhf., Бор. Бад.)

Uzbek: jumšɔq

Uighur: jumšaq

Sary-Yughur: jumsaq

Azerbaidzhan: jumšaG

Turkmen: jumšaq

Khakassian: čɨmǯax, nɨmzax

Shor: čɨmža-

Oyrat: jɨmžaq, d́ɨmžaq

Chuvash: śemźe

Yakut: sɨmna-ɣas

Dolgan: hɨmna-gas

Tuva: čɨmčaq

Tofalar: čɨmǯa- 'to become soft'

Kirghiz: ǯumšaq

Kazakh: žumsaq

Bashkir: jomšaq

Balkar: ǯumšaq, žumušaq

Gagauz: jɨmɨšaq

Karaim: jɨmšaq, jɨmšax

Kumyk: jɨmɨšaq

Comments: EDT 938, VEWT 201, ЭСТЯ 4, 252-253, Stachowski 118. The deriving stem *jɨm-ĺča- 'to be soft' is also present in most of the above languages.

turcet-prnum,turcet-meaning,turcet-rusmean,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,turcet-dolg,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,turcet-bas,turcet-blkx,turcet-gagx,turcet-krmx,turcet-qum,turcet-reference,

Mongolian etymology :

Proto-Mongolian: *nomu- /*neme- / *nima-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: gentle, meek, quiet, mild

Russian meaning: спокойный, кроткий, мягкий, нежный

Written Mongolian: nomuqan, nomuj (L 591), nemegün (L 574), nimaɣun

Middle Mongolian: nomuqan (HYt), nomuɣan (MA)

Khalkha: nomxon

Buriat: nomoj, nomxon

Kalmuck: nomɣǝn, nemǖn

Ordos: nomoxon

Dagur: nomūkuŋ, -n (Тод. Даг. 158: nomxon, nomukan); nomehon (MD 200)

Shary-Yoghur: nomxon, nomukan (MGCD nomoGon)

Monguor: nomu

Comments: KW 275-277, 279, MGCD 513. The deriving stem is WMong. nom, Kalm. nom 'mildness, friendliness' (KW 279). Mong. > Evk. nomokōn, Man. nomoxon etc., see Doerfer MT 57, Rozycki 164.

Japanese etymology :

Proto-Japanese: *nàmià

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: slippery, smooth

Russian meaning: скользкий, гладкий

Old Japanese: namje

Middle Japanese: nàmè

Tokyo: naméraka

Kyoto: námérákà

Kagoshima: nameraká

Comments: JLTT 492.

Nostratic etymology :

Eurasiatic: *ńVmV

Meaning: weak, soft

Altaic: *ni̯ùmà

Uralic: *ńämV, *ńOmV

References: МССНЯ 350, ОСНЯ 2, 86-87. ND 1551 *n̄UʡmV 'pleasant, gentle, fine', 1603 *ńäʡm[o] 'soft' ( + same Sem. in both cases) tries to sort out the reflexes, but hardly convincingly.

Uralic etymology :

Number: 623

Proto: *ńämV

> Nostratic: > Nostratic

English meaning: soft

German meaning: weich

Saam (Lapp): nemok (S) 'mollis' ?

Khanty (Ostyak): ńämǝk (V) 'weich; nachgiebig', ńȧmǝk (DN) 'warmes Wetter, Tauwetter', ńamǝk (Kaz.) 'weich, weichhaarig; mild, sanft' ( > Selk. ńami̮k 'weich')

Mansi (Vogul): ńɔ̄̈mkǝm (KU KM) 'weich', ńāmėk (N)